Cellular leiomyoma: A 10-year retrospective analysis of clinical features, and recurrence risk

Yang Ming, Ming Y, Ming Yang, Ting Liang, Liang T, Lu Wang, Wang L, Duosheng Jiang, Jiang D, Tongfu Feng
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research · 2025 · vol. 51(7) , pp. e16359 · doi:10.1111/jog.16359 · PMID:40628373 · W4412122984
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Cellular leiomyoma, distinct from typical uterine leiomyoma, is associated with adenomyosis and late menarche, and its myomectomy recurrence risk is increased by multiple fibroids but decreased by hysteroscopic submucosal fibroid removal.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-18 · read from full text ⓘ

This retrospective cohort study compared the clinical features and recurrence risks of cellular leiomyoma against typical uterine leiomyoma in patients undergoing surgery between 2013 and 2023. The analysis revealed that cellular leiomyomas are significantly associated with adenomyosis and late-age menarche, while having three or fewer fibroids increases the likelihood of developing this specific subtype. Furthermore, the presence of more than three fibroids was identified as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence, whereas hysteroscopic removal of submucosal lesions was linked to a lower recurrence rate. Relevance to endometriosis: adenomyosis is listed as an independent risk factor for cellular leiomyoma, establishing a direct clinical link to adenomyosis within the context of uterine smooth muscle tumors.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of cellular leiomyoma (CL) with those of typical uterine leiomyoma (UL) and explore recurrence risk factors in patients with CL myomectomy. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with CL (n = 102) and UL (n = 105) who underwent surgery between January 2013 and May 2023. Postoperative prognosis was assessed through patient follow-up until June 2024. RESULTS: Patients with CL were likelier to have adenomyosis (odds ratio [OR], 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-12.88; p = 0.017) and late-age menarche (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.95; p = 0.002). A uterus that has three or fewer fibroids (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05-4.37; p = 0.037) was more likely to develop into CL than the control group. Concerning the predictive aspect, more than three fibroids are associated with a higher risk of recurrence (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.02-27.76; p = 0.047). The use of hysteroscopy to remove submucosal fibroids is associated with a lower risk (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01-0.78; p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that CL exhibits distinct clinical characteristics from ULs, with a higher postoperative recurrence rate and risks of malignant transformation and abdominal dissemination. Our study identified for the first time that adenomyosis is an independent risk factor for CL. Additionally, submucous fibroids tend to be resected while still small, allowing for more complete removal and reducing recurrence risk. An increased number of fibroids was also identified as a risk factor for recurrence.
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Abstract

Objectives In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of cellular leiomyoma (CL) with those of typical uterine leiomyoma (UL) and explore recurrence risk factors in patients with CL myomectomy. Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with CL (n = 102) and UL (n = 105) who underwent surgery between January 2013 and May 2023. Postoperative prognosis was assessed through patient follow-up until June 2024.

Results

Patients with CL were likelier to have adenomyosis (odds ratio [OR], 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–12.88; p = 0.017) and late-age menarche (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15–1.95; p = 0.002). A uterus that has three or fewer fibroids (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05–4.37; p = 0.037) was more likely to develop into CL than the control group. Concerning the predictive aspect, more than three fibroids are associated with a higher risk of recurrence (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.02–27.76; p = 0.047). The use of hysteroscopy to remove submucosal fibroids is associated with a lower risk (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.78; p = 0.030).

Conclusions

This study confirms that CL exhibits distinct clinical characteristics from ULs, with a higher postoperative recurrence rate and risks of malignant transformation and abdominal dissemination. Our study identified for the first time that adenomyosis is an independent risk factor for CL. Additionally, submucous fibroids tend to be resected while still small, allowing for more complete removal and reducing recurrence risk. An increased number of fibroids was also identified as a risk factor for recurrence. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflict of interests for this article. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Due to ethical restrictions and patient privacy protection regulations, the raw data cannot be publicly shared. Summary data supporting the findings are presented in Tables 1–5 and Appendices 1 and 2 of this article. For further inquiries, please contact the corresponding author.

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Condition tags

adenomyosis

MeSH descriptors

Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma Leiomyoma

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