Endometriosis

Definition Benign lesion characterized by proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue. Clinical Features - Incidence The urinary tract is involved in less than 2% of all patients with endometriosis. In most cases, endometriosis is confined to urinary bladder; in these patients, the ureter is involved in about 15%, and the urethra and kidney in 1–2% (Comiter 2002). Only anecdotal cases have been reported in the prostate and in the epididymis after long-term antiandrogen therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma (Beckman et al. 1985). - Age Endometriosis affects mainly reproductive age women. Uncommon cases may occur in old male patients after prolonged antiandrogen therapy. - Sex Strong prevalence in the female. - Site Bladder endometriosis is defined as deep infiltrating lesion in the detrusor muscle along the midline or in the bladder dome, but the most frequent location is the posterior bladder wall. Small implants at the vesicouterine fornix or in the peritoneum overlying the bladder cannot be... References and Further Reading Al-Khawaja, M., Tan, P. H., MacLennan, G. T., et al. (2008). Ureteral endometriosis: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases. Human Pathology, 39, 954–959. Beckman, E. N., Pintado, S. O., Lenard, G. L., et al. (1985). Endometriosis of the prostate. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 9, 374. Chapron, C., Boucher, E., Fauconnier, A., et al. (2002). Anatomopathological lesions of bladder endometriosis are heterogeneous. Fertility and Sterility, 78, 740–742. Comiter, C. V. (2002). Endometriosis of the urinary tract. The Urologic Clinics of North America, 29, 625–635. Sanfrancesco, J., Williamson, S. R., Kum, J. B., et al. (2017). Müllerian adenosarcoma of the urinary bladder: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features with novel genetic aberrations. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 15, e1007–e1014. Stern, R. C., Dash, R., Bentley, R. C., et al. (2001). Malignancy in endometriosis: Frequency and comparison of ovarian and extraovarian types. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 20, 133–139. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG About this entry Cite this entry Raspollini, M.R., Lopez-Beltran, A. (2019). Endometriosis. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4808-1 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4808-1 Received: Accepted: Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1 eBook Packages: Living Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine