BMJ case reports

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (frozen shoulder) is a common disease characterised by spontaneous onset of pain and restriction of movement, followed by 'thawing', with complete or near-complete resolution. Adhesive capsulitis of the h…

A 38-year-old nulliparous female presented to an assisted conception clinic with subfertility and a long-standing history of dysmenorrhoea. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed two lesions in the body of the uterus, which were presumed to be fi…

This report describes a case of spontaneous bleeding from uterine vessels presenting as hyperstimulation and fetomaternal distress at term. A 40-week primigravid woman underwent an emergency caesarean section for fetal distress, which unexp…

A 38-year-old woman presented with light vaginal bleeding at approximately 8 weeks gestation. Although she initially presented to accident and emergency with vaginal bleeding and menstrual-like pain, this rapidly settled and both symptoms r…

Low resource countries often have inadequate healthcare systems that, among other problems, suffer from a severe shortage of local expertise. In fields such as pathology, however, where diagnoses are mainly based on macroscopic and histolog…

Ectopic cervical deciduosis is generally an accidental finding during pregnancy, and usually presents without any symptoms or need for therapeutic intervention. However, it can sometimes imitate dysplasia or carcinoma. We report a case of a…

[Description] Endometriosis, the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, occurs in about 3–10% of women of reproductive age and is a cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility for some.1 Bowel involvement may be pres…

A 34-year-old gravida 2 para 1 had an uneventful second pregnancy and successful vaginal birth after caesarean section. She was readmitted on the third day postpartum with severe abdominal pain coinciding with lactation. On admission, her v…

A patient with loin pain haematuria syndrome suffering chronic throbbing pulsing pain overlaid with prolonged periods of incapacitating colic and overnight vomiting was presented 10 months following diagnosis. Ultrasound was normal. No rena…

A 45-year-old woman, a smoker, presented acutely with subacute small bowel obstruction. Abdominal CT scan showed features of ileocaecal Crohn's disease. She was treated with high dose steroids and her symptoms rapidly settled. A few days la…

A 32-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain. She was a patient with chronic pain syndrome and had visited the emergency department several times over the past year. She did not drink alcohol. She had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy fo…

A neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of left renal agenesis was born at 33 weeks gestation. A postnatal abdominal ultrasound confirmed the absence of the left kidney and revealed two non-divergent hemiuteri, consistent with the diagnosis of …

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality characterised by varying degrees of aplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus and vagina. Very rarely, leiomyomas or adenomyosis can develop in the Müllerian remnant …

Appendicitis is a common presentation to an acute general surgical on call team. It can be a difficult diagnosis at times, particularly in sexually active young women, in whom it is often surgically challenging. This case is of a relatively…

A 39-year-old woman with a left-sided inguinal swelling was referred to us with a diagnosis of inguinal hernia. On asking leading questions, the patient gave a typical history of cyclical pain and increased swelling during menstruation. Fin…

We describe a rare case of a young woman with a large cystic adenomyotic lesion that was treated laparoscopically. The patient presented with severe dysmenorrhoea refractory to common analgaesics. She was initially diagnosed with right-side…

We report the successful conservative management of a non-Peutz-Jegher syndrome-associated ovarian sex cord tumour with annular tubules in a 32-year-old patient. The patient underwent a unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopy, and c…

Intrapartum uterine rupture is a true obstetrical emergency. Uterine rupture is associated with severe maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is rare in the unscarred uterus of a primigravida. A 23-year-old primigravida with an unsc…

Acute urinary retention in pregnancy secondary to an impacted uterus is a rare occurrence. It can have non-specific presentations, leading to delay in diagnosis, hence potentially increasing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. A num…

A 32-year-old patient with primary infertility received in vitro fertilisation (IVF) therapy. Four weeks later she developed intermittent left iliac fossa pain. Transvaginal ultrasound showed an empty uterus and an adnexal mass adjacent to …

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy in developed countries. Synchronous endometrioid endometrial and ovarian cancer in patients appears with different clinical characteristics compared to patients wit…

A 35-year-old woman with a history of three previous caesarean sections was admitted with acute dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) complicated by anaemia; she had a haemoglobin level of 5.3 g/dL, requiring multiple blood transfusions. Inv…

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a chronic condition in which the affected organ is replaced by lipid-filled macrophages with plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. It is very rare in the ovaries. A case of xanthogranulomatous oophor…