BMJ case reports

A 23-year-old woman presented with a painless vulval swelling. On physical examination, a soft fluctuant sausage-shaped mass was found, measuring approximately 4 cm, extending from the right inguinal region to the labia majora. Ultrasound r…

Endometriosis is a benign chronic disease which can have different degrees of severity and can potentially affect any organ. Intestinal endometriosis occurs in 3%â€"37% of the cases, being more frequent in the rectosigmoid transition. Trans…

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) of the bladder is a rare tumour of indeterminate malignant potential with myofibroblastic differentiation, with a generally benign but rarely aggressive behaviour. Vesical IMT is usually treated by …

Müllerian anomalies are usually isolated or found in association with abnormalities of the renal tract. Rarely, they are encountered with coexisting Ggastrointestinal anomalies. Similarly, Hirschsprung's disease may coexist with additional …

Müllerianosis of the bladder is an extremely rare and highly symptomatic bladder tumour comprising of at least two types of Müllerian derived tissues. We present the case of a 59-year-old woman presenting with painful macroscopic haematuria…

Acute pulmonary oedema is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum women. We present an unusual case of near-fatal acute pulmonary oedema in a pregnant woman, which was attributed to the acute onset of neuro…

Cervical myomas are rare and account for <1% of uterine leiomyomas. Clinical complications include bulk-related symptoms of pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding and infertility. While hysterectomies may be readily performed for postmenopausal wom…

Endometriomas are a rare cause of abdominal wall pain. We report a case of a port site endometrioma presenting with an umbilical swelling. The patient underwent a laparoscopy for pelvic endometriosis 6 months previously and presented with a…

Tailgut cysts, also known as retrorectal hamartomas, are very rare neoplasms located in the presacral/retrorectal space that originate from the embryonic hindgut. Although a majority of lesions in this location are benign, 30% of the report…

Rupture of the vaginal wall in unobstructed labour is a rare entity in the developed world. This case report describes rupture of the posterior cul-de-sac in a healthy 34-year-old multiparous woman attempting trial of labour after caesarean…

A relatively young healthy man (barring obesity and distant gouty arthritis) was admitted with severe acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 15.9 mg/dL) following acute gastroenteritis and occasional use of diclofenac. Abdominal ultrasound …

The perineural spread of the cancer through the lumbosacral plexus gives an appearance of 'trident sign' on contrast-enhanced CT scan and MRI. It is associated with adverse survival rates and carries a poor prognostic value.

Hydrocoele of the canal of Nuck in an adult female is a rare entity and analogous to hydrocoele in males. Its usual presentation is in children, and its occurrence in adults is very uncommon, more so of the hour-glass variety. We report a c…

We present a case of a 26-year-old woman presenting with haemorrhagic shock without any overt bleeding on postpartum day 2. Work up revealed intra-abdominal haemorrhage from an unclear source in the pelvis. She was intubated, resuscitated w…

Abdominal ectopic pregnancy (EP) accounts for only 1.3% of EPs and occurs when a fertilised ovum implants in an extrapelvic peritoneal location. Primary splenic pregnancy is a rare type of abdominal EP, with only 16 cases previously reporte…

We present two cases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis occurring with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, both PiSZ phenotype. The simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions has seldom been described in the literature, despite e…

A 29-year-old woman with known history of endometriosis was referred to colorectal outpatient clinic from gynaecology with a history of intermittent rectal bleeding and no associated bowel symptoms. Flexible sigmoidoscopy in concordance wit…

Uterine incarceration is a rare complication that usually occurs after the first trimester of pregnancy. It leads to increased maternal and/or fetal morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include retroversion of uterus and other pelvic abnor…

A woman in her late 40s presented with excessive per vagina (PV) bleeding and uterine fibroid. She reported excessive PV bleeding after starting Esmya; she was brought in by ambulance to the emergency department with profuse bleeding. Abnor…

Endometriosis is a common clinical presentation for gynaecologists. Occasionally it can present to general surgeons as a swelling in the groin or abdominal wall. This condition should be included in the differential diagnosis in female pati…

We present the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with the signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis; however, during laparoscopic surgery, it was found that the appendix had herniated through the obturator canal. This pathology has pr…