The American journal of case reports

BACKGROUND Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial infection caused by the commensal organism Actinomyces spp., which can become pathogenic upon tissue injury or disruption of the mucosal barrier. While primarily recognized for its cervicofa…

BACKGROUND Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disease with a prevalence of <5 cases per 10 000. In many cases there is significant diagnostic delay, leading to years of morbidity. There are no randomized trials on non-infectious type II cryoglobuli…

BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in combination with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute mild pancreatitis is a rare but life-threatening clinical triad that occurs in a small subset of patients with DKA. It is an exceptionally uncommo…

BACKGROUND Guttate psoriasis is a form of psoriasis that often occurs following infections and is most commonly triggered by group A Streptococcus. The link between streptococcal pharyngitis and the development of guttate psoriasis is well …

BACKGROUND Internal hernias through the pars flaccida of the lesser omentum are rare variants that pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, representing less than 1% of all internal hernias. Diagnosis is particularly challenging d…

BACKGROUND Surgery was once considered the only possible treatment for uterine fibroids. However, a more conservative treatment approach can preserve women's reproductive capacity. In recent years, uterine artery embolization (UAE) and medi…

BACKGROUND Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is the most common manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, typically managed with hormonal therapy to suppress ovarian function and prevent recurrence. However, this approach conflicts with …

BACKGROUND Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is a rare complication of laparoscopic procedures involving uterine morcellation. These fibroid-like lesions, which derive their blood supply from non-uterine sources, may develop after myom…

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer with features of submucosal tumor (GCSMT) is extremely rare and often manifested as poorly differentiated or undifferentiated types, including poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and gastric signet ring cell carci…

BACKGROUND Leiomyoma is a benign gynecological neoplasm most commonly seen in the uterus, while primary ovarian leiomyomas are exceptionally uncommon. These tumors can grow to a large size and undergo degenerative changes, including infarct…

BACKGROUND Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) are a group of benign and malignant tumors that arise from placental tissue. Ectopic pregnancies most commonly occur within the fallopian tubes. The estimated incidence of ectopic gestati…

BACKGROUND Primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRTs) are uncommon, with retroperitoneal dermoid cysts being particularly rare. The cystic cavity of mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts) is lined with squamous epithelium and primarily filled w…

BACKGROUND A cyst within the canal of Nuck is an uncommon groin mass found in female patients. Embryologically, this is equivalent to a patent processus vaginalis in males. This cyst presents as a nonspecific bulge and is often mistaken for…

BACKGROUND Ventricular interdependence - mediated by shared pericardial and septal mechanics - can precipitate biventricular dysfunction during acute right ventricular (RV) volume overload. RV dilation impairs left ventricular (LV) complian…

BACKGROUND Splenosis is the ectopic autotrasplantation of splenic tissue that can follow trauma to the spleen or splenectomy and can occur anywhere in the peritoneal cavity or extraperitoneally. Splenosis can present incidentally without sy…

BACKGROUND Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome, also known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a didelphic uterus, an obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral …

BACKGROUND Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a rare anomaly characterized by maldevelopment of the caudal half of the body and can involve the genitourinary system. This report presents the case of a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with CRS an…

BACKGROUND Acute urinary retention (AUR) is relatively rare in non-pregnant women and is usually associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction, neurological issues, or pelvic organ compression. Adenomyosis is a common gynecologic conditio…

BACKGROUND Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of extrauterine pregnancy that usually results in a poor outcome; it is associated with serious fetal and maternal morbidity. The diagnosis of advanced abdominal pregnancy is sometimes challengi…

BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is characterized by a fibrous membrane partially or totally encasing the small bowel and is a rare cause of small bowel o…

BACKGROUND One percent of paraneoplastic syndromes described in the literature present as cutaneous manifestations such as vasculitis, which may reveal potential initial diagnoses. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a subtype of small-vessel va…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a condition where uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, commonly on the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum, but can also occur in rare locations such as the cervix, lungs or pleura. Cervical endometr…

BACKGROUND Hysterectomy is a gynecological procedure that can lead to complications arising from structural changes incurred during the surgical process. Vaginal nodules may appear at the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, which could be indi…

BACKGROUND Recurrent heterotopic pregnancy is a serious and rare pregnancy complication that occurs after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, posing a great threat to the safety of the mother and intrauterine fetus. We report a case…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain among women globally. Pharmacological therapy for endometriosis includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives, while surgical therapy of…