The American journal of case reports

BACKGROUND One percent of paraneoplastic syndromes described in the literature present as cutaneous manifestations such as vasculitis, which may reveal potential initial diagnoses. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a subtype of small-vessel va…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a condition where uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, commonly on the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum, but can also occur in rare locations such as the cervix, lungs or pleura. Cervical endometr…

BACKGROUND Hysterectomy is a gynecological procedure that can lead to complications arising from structural changes incurred during the surgical process. Vaginal nodules may appear at the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, which could be indi…

BACKGROUND Recurrent heterotopic pregnancy is a serious and rare pregnancy complication that occurs after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, posing a great threat to the safety of the mother and intrauterine fetus. We report a case…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain among women globally. Pharmacological therapy for endometriosis includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives, while surgical therapy of…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by endometrial tissue that grows outside the uterus. Deep endometriosis surgery is associated with considerable rates of complications, although such rates are lower in surgi…

BACKGROUND Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP), defined as nontraumatic, acute intra-abdominal bleeding during pregnancy or the postpartum period, is a serious life-threatening complication to mother and child. Endometriosis is a…

BACKGROUND Synchronous tumors occur when 2 separate primary tumors are diagnosed within 6 months. They can originate from the same site or different locations. For example, synchronous primary tumors of uterine and ovarian origin are a comm…

BACKGROUND Breast squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a subtype of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC), which is a rare malignancy and accounts for 0.1% of all invasive breast carcinomas. Guidelines on definitive management and treatment of bre…

BACKGROUND This report details the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with cyclical abdominal pain diagnosed as cesarean scar endometriosis. Scar endometriosis is a phenomenon that occurs after abdominal/pelvic procedures like cesare…

BACKGROUND In contemporary gynecological practice, encountering giant ovarian tumors is a rarity. While most are benign and of the mucinous subtype, the borderline variant only accounts for approximately 10% of these cases. This paper addre…

BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a bacterium that is well known for causing serious diarrheal infections and can even lead to colon cancer if left untreated. Disruption of the normal healthy bacteria in the colon can le…

BACKGROUND Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a complex disorder of the female reproductive system that results in an absent uterus and vagina. MRKH syndrome can be an isolated anomaly (typical) or accompanied by other organ …

BACKGROUND Automated bladder scanning has become a principal tool in the assessment and management of chronically debilitated patients residing in skilled nursing facilities, hospices, and acute inpatient settings. To a large extent, the bl…

BACKGROUND Uterine lipoleiomyoma is a rare benign tumor composed of varying proportions of smooth muscle fibers and mature adipocytes, without identification of hemorrhage, necrosis, or cyto-architectural atypia. It is part of the leiomyoma…

BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinomas of Bartholin's gland are rare among gynecological malignancies, accounting for 0.1% to 7% of vulvar carcinomas and 0.001% of all female genital tract malignancies. There are no specific guidelines regard…

BACKGROUND Columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus includes both gastric and intestinal metaplasia. Children with severe neurologic impairment and congenital esophageal atresia often have gastroesophageal reflux disease, which can lead t…

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors are increasingly being recognized as a cause of multiple electrolyte disturbances, including hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatasemia, hypokalemia and hyponatremia, particularly in persons on long-t…

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a disease characterized by endometrial tissue appearing outside the uterus, mainly involving the peritoneum and pelvic organs. Ureteral endometriosis (UE) is rare, typified by deep infiltrating endometriosis invo…

BACKGROUND It is important to identify the cause of chronic abdominal pain, especially in older adults. Thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures are one potential cause, and can be difficult to identify. We report a case of an older ma…

BACKGROUND Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare but potentially life-threatening medical condition. It is a congenital or acquired structural abnormality that may result in potentially life-threatening bleeding. Due to the non…

BACKGROUND Microcystic stromal tumor (MCST) of the ovary is a rare entity with distinct pathological and molecular features. However, a lack of awareness of ovarian MCST can lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. We present a case of ov…

BACKGROUND Adnexal torsion is a gynecologic emergency that dictates immediate surgical intervention. Twisted ovarian cysts are rare in adolescents, but they can cause significant distress to patients. Idiopathic ovarian torsion is uncommon …

BACKGROUND Incidental appendiceal neoplasms account for 1-2% of appendectomies. Mucinous neoplasms and carcinoids are the most frequent lesions, with an incidence of 0.6% and 0.3-0.9%, respectively. Appendiceal collision tumors are extremel…

BACKGROUND Round ligament varices (RLVs) are a rare entity that occurs almost only in pregnancy. Given its rarity and perhaps the lack of its awareness, it is not surprising that RLVs are often an overlooked differential diagnosis for ingui…