Medical hypotheses

The most common type of abdominal wall endometriosis is cesarean scar endometriosis (CSE), defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Multiple hypotheses can explain the implantation theory. Endometrioma are m…

Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrium within the myometrium. This features lead to structural changes in the surrounding myometrium and endometrium resulting also in functional changes. Alterations in the myome…

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that affects approximately 6-10% of the female population impairing the quality of life of patients. Several pathophysiologic pathways have been proposed as potential regulators of its severi…

Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women. When medication is unsatisfactory, not well tolerated or unwanted, surgery remains the sole option. There is a need for a less invasive treatment. We suggest the application of shock wave therapy (SWT)…

Cesarean sections are a common surgical procedure at risk of complications including adhesions and chronic pelvic pain. This case series presents 10 cases of patients presenting with chronic pelvic pain following a cesarean section which we…

Endometriosis is a risk factor for type I epithelial ovarian cancer but an issue to be clarified is the site of origin of endometriosis associated ovarian cancer. Here we proposed that the uterus may be the organ of origin of ovarian endome…

The theory of retrograde menstruation as aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis formulated by John Sampson in 1927 shows clear shortcomings: this does not explain why retrograde menstruation is a physiological process that affects 90% of women,…

The hypothesis is that many clinical conditions in obstetrics and gynaecology result from the diverse and varying consequences of injuries to pelvic autonomic nerves. These injuries result from difficult first labours, persistent physical e…

Numerous biochemical differences have been documented in women with endometriosis compared to controls; however, identification of a clinically useful marker of endometriosis remains elusive. We postulate that the diversity of clinical pres…

Acute pancreatitis, a common necroinflammatory disease of the pancreas, remains an unsolved problem that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intra-acinar cell activation of digestion enzymes triggers the events of acute …

Endometriosis is a frequent gynecological disease, which is characterized by the presence of endometriotic lesions, i.e. ectopic endometrial glands and stroma, outside the uterine cavity. Most of these lesions are located in the peritoneal …

A literature search was carried out for clinical observations that could explain the possible aetiology of primary peritoneal clear cell carcinoma (CCC) including diagnostic dilemmas, various theories of origin, oestrogen dependence and gen…

Lateral cervical displacement has been recognized as a sign of endometriosis; however, other causes of the finding have not been explored. In our experience, patients without endometriosis are presenting with lateral cervical displacement, …

Endometriosis (EMs) is defined as the presence of tissue which somewhat resembles endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus, and elicit an inflammatory response. This response is accompanied by angiogenesis, adhesions, fibrosis, scar…

Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. After surgical and/or medical treatment, endometriosis has a high recurrence rate which in…

It is generally accepted that serum AMH levels are thought to reflect the size of the ovarian follicle pool. Therefore, an inverse correlation between serum AMH and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels has been noted in older women wit…

Since 1971 the incessant ovulation theory by Fathalla is widely accepted as theory for ovarian carcinogenesis, supported mainly by epidemiological findings. However, this theory cannot explain the protective effect of hysterectomy and tubal…

As a common cause of chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. The most popular strategy for treating endometriosis is pseudo-pregnancy therapy. However, the efficacy of common systemic pseudo-pregnancy th…

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) are two diseases that the overall etiologies are both unknown. There are several contributing factors that lead to both PD and HG. We chose to focus on an increase in prostaglandin a…

There is an evidence that increased capillary permeability in the standing position is related to a deficit in the sympathetic nervous system. The leakage of this fluid leads to various clinical conditions which frequently puzzle the consul…

Limbic associated pelvic pain is a proposed pathophysiology designed to explain features commonly encountered in patients with chronic pelvic pain, including the presence of multiple pain diagnoses, the frequency of previous abuse, the mini…

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial cells and stroma at ectopic sites outside the uterine cavity. The natural history of endometriosis is uncertain, its etiology unknown, the clinical presentation inconsistent, diagnosis difficult …

Several autoimmune diseases are far more common in women than men. The reasons are unknown. Recent studies have shown that many autoimmune diseases which predominantly affect females are characterized by the production of autoantibodies aga…