International journal of molecular sciences

Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring phytoalexin polyphenolic compound, continues to attract the attention of researchers due to its therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory effects. The focus of this work is to critically rev…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, is characterized by menstrual irregularities and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is also associated with insulin resistance, chronic inflammat…

Spatial transcriptomics is an emerging technology that maps gene expression within tissue architecture. Its expanding use in medicine and veterinary science supports research, precision diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and development of t…

Studies in animals have shown that androgens promote early follicular development and granulosa cell proliferation by augmenting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression in granulosa cells. Inconsistency exists regarding the a…

This study investigates the effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and follicular development in mouse preantral follicles, with a focus on the involvement of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase…

Understanding the molecular basis of endometrial receptivity is crucial for improving implantation outcomes in assisted reproduction, especially for patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). This study investigates the timing rela…

Phthalates are widely used plasticizers recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with well-documented adverse effects on reproductive health. These compounds act either directly or through their metabolites and can influence vari…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrinopathy associated with reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. PCOS is characterized by complex pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Its multifactorial etiology and heterogeneous pr…

Endometriosis is a chronic disease characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial cells that evade apoptosis and survive and proliferate under harsh environmental conditions. It is closely associated with infertility and pregnancy-rel…

Nanoplastics (NPs), an emerging class of environmental pollutants, are increasingly recognized for their potential to interfere with critical cellular processes. Autophagy, a conserved degradative pathway essential for maintaining cellular …

Mast cells (MCs) belong to the cell network that regulates uterine spiral artery remodeling (uSAR), a critical vascular adaptation supporting placental development and fetal growth. Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that human MCs pr…

Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a cerebrovascular disease determining chronic progressive steno-occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries and their main branches. The pathogenesis of MMA remains largely unknown. Multiple sclerosi…

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, with incidence rising globally due to population ageing and life-style-related risk factors. Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger regula…

Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are a novel and biologically potent source of multipotent stromal cells with potential beyond reproductive medicine. This study explored their phenotypic profile, trilineage differentiation, and th…

Pregnancy involves significant immunological changes to support fetal development while protecting the mother from infections. A growing body of evidence supports the importance of immune checkpoint pathways, especially at the maternal-feta…

Endometriosis is common and poses significant morbidity of lasting impact to young, pre-menopausal women, while ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic condition. Both conditions need better treatment. The human omentum is an apron of adipos…

The myometrium is the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, whose dysfunctions are involved in various pathologies leading to infertility, such as adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Developing relevant in vitro models of the myometrium is cruci…

Cervical cancer (CC) is the gynecological cancer with the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. High-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18 are the primary risk factors for developing this female neoplasm, with…

Cancer cells arise from the cumulative acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that affect vital cellular functions. Genomic instability results from deficiencies in protective mechanisms, such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repli…

The immunological factor of sterility, specifically the abnormal count and activity of uterine NK (uNK) cells, may represent one of the potential contributors affecting specific subgroups of sterile couples undergoing assisted reproductive …

Systemic infection and inflammation impair mental function through a combination of altered attention and cognition. Here, we comprehensively review the relevant literature and report personal clinical observations to discuss the relationsh…

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and placenta previa (PP) are severe obstetric disorders associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity. Early diagnosis of both conditions remains challenging, particularly in cases with subtle imaging…

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) remain one of the most popular reversible contraceptive methods worldwide. Still, regardless of the drug composition and duration of therapy, almost all COCs are associated with the risk of venous thrombo…

RNA-seq technology has been widely used for the characterization of the transcriptome profile induced by several diseases in both humans and animals. In the present study, RNA-seq was used to identify the differential expression of genes as…

Gynecologic tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with endometrial, ovarian, and cervical types being the most prevalent. Aberrant glycosylation, a key post-translational modification, plays a crucial ro…