International journal of molecular sciences

Melatonin has evolved from its classical role as a pineal-derived circadian regulator to a molecule increasingly recognized for its mitochondrial and cytoprotective functions. This review examines the molecular mechanisms and translational …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is strongly associated with chronic inflammation. Neutrophils contribute to this inflammatory milieu, and the hyperosmolar stress-responsive transc…

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, which frequ…

Natural therapeutic alternatives are increasingly explored in endometriosis, a highly prevalent gynecological disorder with limited therapeutic options. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) has attracted increasing scientific interest due to i…

This systematic review aimed to summarize the effects of astaxanthin (ASX) supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic regulation in human studies. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and …

Successful embryo implantation requires dynamic, bidirectional communication between a developmentally competent blastocyst and a receptive endometrium, integrating hormonal, molecular, and immunologic signals. Increasing evidence indicates…

The human microbiome has emerged as a central regulator of health and disease; however, women-specific microbiome research has only recently gained focused scientific attention. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microbial ecosystems a…

Three-dimensional (3D) endothelium-stromal co-cultures were established using human endometrial cells from biopsy of healthy women (n = 13) and serum samples from both healthy and endometriotic women (n = 5). For 3D construction, stromal ce…

Endometriosis (EMs) is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, yet its precise pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. TICAM1, a key adaptor prote…

Filamentous fungi exhibit high heavy metal resistance; elucidating their resistance mechanisms is of practical importance for fungal utilization and for engineering other microorganisms. However, the molecular basis of copper tolerance in f…

Endometriosis affects an estimated 5-10% of women of reproductive age and presents with substantial clinical and biological heterogeneity. Recent clinical guidelines have shifted toward symptom-guided diagnosis supported by expert imaging, …

Chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) derived from residential wood combustion is a major environmental health concern in southern Chile and other cold-climate regions. Although PM2.5 has been linked to adverse reproductive ou…

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) of ovaries is a new and rare neoplastic entity, recently classified by the World Health Organization. Its morphological and immunohistochemical profile is similar to primitive cervical mesonephric adeno…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age characterized by a spectrum of clinical, metabolic, reproductive, and psychological abnormalities. This syndrome is associated with signific…

Estrogens are hormones that play an important role in the skin, including in men. Letrozole (LET) is an inhibitor of the enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. The use of letrozole can cause morphological changes and changes in the im…

Ovarian follicular fluid (FF) is a metabolically active and biomarker-rich medium that mirrors the oocyte microenvironment. Its analysis is increasingly recognized in infertility diagnostics and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for …

The in vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes represents a valuable assisted reproductive technology that bypasses the need for full ovarian stimulation, offering safer alternatives for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), resis…

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of long-term disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. It remains a significant clinical problem because only supportive therapies exist, such as thrombolytic agents and surgical t…

The management of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is rapidly evolving, with immune checkpoint inhibitors emerging as a prominent treatment approach. However, drug development targeting specific molecular and cellular abnormalities in NPC has sl…

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 deficiency is considered as a rare neuromuscular syndrome with an autosomal recessive transmission. The ACAD9 protein presents two essential functions, i.e., the limiting step enzyme of the fatty acid β-oxidation pa…

Endometriosis, a benign, chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, affects 15% of women of reproductive age. Galectins, a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins,…

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia are crucial for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Molecular dysregulations can manifest long before clinical symptoms appear. This study aimed to leverage first-trimester serum lipi…

A complex and gradual process, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs both during embryonic development and tumor progression. Cells undergo a transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state throughout this process. More an…

Biofilm plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The present work aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm effects of Formulation (DIF17BRO® plus NAC) in combination with ciprofloxacin (CPX) on E…

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition that affects fertility in many women of reproductive age worldwide. This multifaceted disease exhibits a pathogenesis characterized by hormonal and immune system dysregulations, alongside in…