Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects around 1 in 7 women of reproductive age. Current medical treatments tend to be sub-optimal to manage the range of symptoms, with low levels of patient satisfaction…

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10%-15% of women of childbearing age. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred surgical approach. Recently, robotic surgery has been used for benign gynec…

Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disease defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium [1,2]. Although about 35% of affected women may be asymptomatic at the time of...

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a challenging problem of both diagnosis and management in adolescent gynecology. Areas covered: This special report summarizes the current practices in the evaluation and management …

Cyp19a1Aromatase excess syndrome is characterized by pre- or peripubertal onset of gynecomastia due to estrogen excess because of a gain-of-function mutation in the aromatase gene (CYP19A1). Subchromosomal recombination events including dup…

The science of reproductive endocrinology/in vitro fertilization (IVF) has moved forward considerably since the first IVF baby was born in 1978. IVF was originally indicated for women with tubal factor infertility, but it has now become the…

The ovarian steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone, and their nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), are involved in breast cancer development. As ER-positive/PR-positive tumors progress, they are l…

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have gained extensive clinical use, ranging from reproduction to oncology. There are many clinically available GnRH agonists and these can be used via various methods of delivery, ranging from …