Frontiers in endocrinology

Many different progestogens are used by millions of women worldwide for oral contraception, either alone (Progestogen-only Pills [POPs]) or as combined oral contraceptives (COCs) comprising a synthetic estrogen (ethinyl estradiol [EE]), or …

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors associated with elevated serum progesterone (P) levels on the day of hCG administration in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) proto…

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, advancements in metabolomics have highlighted that changes in metabolic states within the body might also be closely related to missed abortion. However, the specific impacts of metabolic abnormalities on missed …

BACKGROUND: In assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories, semen processing is traditionally performed using manual density gradient centrifugation (DGC), which is labor intensive, time consuming, and subject to inter-technician va…

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCDS) combined with serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125) in diagnosing threatened abortion and predicting adverse pregna…

BACKGROUND: Assisted reproductive treatment for women with endometriosis and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is challenging, and the optimal controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol for this population remains uncertain. This study co…

Ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is a core determinant of assisted reproductive technology (ART) success, with marked interindividual variability. Accurate and individualized prediction is essential to optimize treat…

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome comprising focal and diffuse subtypes. While adenomyosis is known to be associated with endometrial lesions, it remains unclear whether this risk varies between …

BACKGROUND: Adiposity influences reproductive function via endocrine and immune pathways. The association between body mass index (BMI) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in endometriosis is uncertain, and BMI may not fully capture adiposity-…

BACKGROUND: Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a severe subtype of endometriosis, often associated with dysmenorrhea and significant diagnostic challenges. Conventional biomarkers, such as cancer antigen 125 (CA125), lack sufficient s…

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant complication of pregnancy, and its association with in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains unclear, especially across different demographic groups. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicen…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the ovarian sensitivity index (OSI) and ovarian responsiveness, embryo quality, and pregnancy outcomes in women of advanced reproductive age (≥35 years) undergoing IVF-ET. METHODS: This ret…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P) on the day of embryo transfer (ET) and pregnancy outcomes in patients classified as POSEIDON Group 1. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the R…