Cancer science

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistically assess the association between tens of millions of genetic variants in the whole genome and a phenotype of interest. Genome-wide association studies enable the elucidation of polygenic in…

BRCA1 is one of the causative genes for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome with a high risk of early-onset breast cancer. Whereas olaparib (OLA), an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, has been applied as adjuvant therapy to…

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) contribute to breast cancer (BC) progression, and aquaporin 9 (AQP9) plays a critical role in tumor development. However, the interactions between TANs and AQP9 in BC are poorly understood. Bioinformatics…

Currently, human papillomavirus tests and cytology are used to screen for cervical cancer. However, more accurate ancillary screening tests are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines are promising biomarkers that are aberrantly expressed …

Indocyanine green (ICG) with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is used for lymphatic mapping. However, binding of ICG to blood proteins like serum albumin can shorten its retention time in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Here, we invest…

Recent studies reported the presence of oncogenic mutations in normal endometrial glands, but the biological significance remains unclear. The present study investigated the status of KRAS/PIK3CA driver mutations in normal endometrial gland…

FK506 binding protein 52 (FKBP52) (gene name FKBP4) is a 52 kDa protein that belongs to the FKBP family; it binds to the immunosuppressant FK506 and has proline isomerase activity. In addition to its FK domain-containing peptidylprolyl isom…

KRAS is the most frequently mutated in ovarian endometriosis. However, it is unclear whether the KRAS mutant allele's mRNA is expressed and plays a biological role in ovarian endometriosis. Here, we performed mutation-specific RNA in situ h…

MicroRNA let-7b is a potent tumor suppressor and targets crucial oncogenes. Previous studies have shown that let-7b expression is suppressed in ovarian cancer; however, the regulatory mechanisms of let-7b in ovarian cancer are still not wel…

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) exhibits an association with endometriosis, resistance to oxidative stress, and poor prognosis owing to its resistance to conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. A greater understanding of the molecular …

Causal inference is one of the challenges in epidemiologic studies. Gynecologic diseases have been reported to have association with obesity, however the causality remained controversial except for uterine endometrial cancer. We conducted t…

The human endometrium is an essential component in human reproduction that has the unique characteristic of undergoing cyclic regeneration during each menstrual cycle. Vigorous regeneration after shedding may be sustained by stem/progenitor…

Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary is thought to arise from endometriosis. In addition, retrograde menstruation of shed endometrium is considered the origin of endometriosis. However, little evidence supports cellular continuity from uterine…

BRAFV600E mutation accounts for up to 90% of all BRAF mutations in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and constitutively activates the MEK-MAPK pathway. It is recognized that neutralizing mAbs for epidermal growth factor receptor alone are not …

Interim results from the two-cohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE-100 study (NCT02674061) of 376 patients with previously treated advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) showed that pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with an objective response rat…

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is composed of approximately 15 subunits, and approximately 20% of all cancers carry mutations in the genes encoding these subunits. Most of the genetic alterations in these genes are loss-of-functio…

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer due to lack of early screening methods and acquired drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are effective post-transcriptional regulators that are transferred by extracellular vesicles, suc…

ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) are involved in various biological events such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion, membrane protein shedding and proteolysis. However, there have been no systematic studies on the expressio…

Although liquid-based cytology (LBC) has increased the sensitivity of cytological diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC) compared with conventional smear cytology, the sensitivity of LBC for the detection of EC is between 70% and 96% and rema…