Cancers

Background: Accurate colposcopy assessment is essential for detection of cervical precancerous lesions. However, the diagnostic performance depends heavily on the examiner's experience and subjective interpretation. Recent advances in artif…

Background/objectivesEndometrial cancer (EC) is a multifactorial disease influenced by metabolic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Trace and macroelements play a critical role in cellular homeostasis, oxidative stress, and tumor progres…

Background/Objectives: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dMPA) is a synthetic progestin commonly used for contraception. Recent studies have reported an increased association between dMPA exposure and diagnosis of cerebral meningioma. The …

Background/Objectives: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) is widely used as a long-acting reversible contraceptive and as a therapeutic option for heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and endometrial…

Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains one of the most important unmet needs in gynecologic oncology because survival is strongly stage-dependent and most patients still present with disseminated disease. Conventional non-invasive tools,…

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary but insufficient cause of cervical cancer (CC) and reflects a long-standing host-virus equilibrium shaped by immune control, viral persistence, and latency. The transition from cytology-ba…

This review examines the clinical and practical implications of embedding molecular profiles directly into the 2023 FIGO staging system for endometrial carcinoma, in the context of the 2025 ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines. The primary purpose is …

Background/objectivesGiven its cost-effectiveness and availability, NLR could play a pivotal role in refining the diagnostic process. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR can serve as a useful marker to differentiate between benign and malignan…

Persistent post-endometrial ablation uterine bleeding indicates that no method of EA eliminates the entire endometrium, and post-EA hysteroscopy shows a distorted and scarred uterine cavity in the majority of patients. These observations ra…

Objective: Ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers remain among the deadliest gynecological malignancies, largely because most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage and no effective screening strategy is currently availab…

Background/objectivesOne of the common gynecological issues that can have a major effect on women's reproductive health and quality of life is uterine fibroids (UFs). For personalized treatment planning and a reduction in long-term conseque…

Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disorder affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Increasing epidemiological and molecular evidence indicates that it may represent a precursor condition for a subset of ovarian…

Background: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) can be subdivided into four prognostic molecular subtypes based on gene expression: C1/Mesenchymal (C1.MES), C2/Immunoreactive (C2.IMM), C4/Differentiated (C4.DIF) and C5/Proliferative…

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in Western countries. Although international guidelines recommend that patients with EC be treated at specialized oncology centers, many are still managed by ge…

Background/Objectives: Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, mainly because it is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages due to nonspecific symptoms and the lack of effective screening strategies. L…

Endometrial cancer is increasingly diagnosed in patients who have not yet completed childbearing. For carefully selected patients with grade 1 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma confined to the endometrium, fertility-sparing treatment (FST)…

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in developed countries, and its diagnostic and prognostic framework has evolved substantially following the introduction of the 2023 FIGO staging system, which integrates mo…

BackgroundAngiogenesis is critical for tumor progression. Microvessel density (MVD) is commonly assessed using CD31 and CD34, which detect both mature and newly formed vessels and therefore cannot distinguish active neoangiogenesis from sta…

Background/Objectives: Kidney cancer (RC) is a significant global health burden. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. Its predominant histological subtype is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is …

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynaecological malignancies, which is mainly due to late diagnosis, high frequency of metastasis, and the risk of developing resistance to systemic therapy. In recent years, exosomes-small …

Cancer remains one of the most frightening global health challenges, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality across diverse populations. In recent years, naturally derived compounds have attracted considerable attention due to…

Background: Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy with high global mortality. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for optimal management; however, a considerable portion of ovarian masses remain indeterminate after initi…

Background/Objectives: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in developed countries, yet no clinically validated noninvasive screening biomarker exists. Fatty acid metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of ca…