Franca Fruzzetti

Selecting an appropriate oral contraceptive can be challenging for healthcare professionals due to the abundance of marketed contraceptive options with different clinical and real-world effectiveness and safety profiles. Nomegestrol acetate…

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is probably one of the most devastating diagnoses for women of reproductive age. The major implications for fertility, climacteric symptoms, and quality of life, the great impact of long-term consequenc…

In the last few years new oral contraceptives have been marketed showing a better safety profile for women. They are the result of important changes made to the old compounds. As far as the estrogenic component, with the aim of decreasing s…

BackgroundInsulin resistance may be induced by both the estrogen and progestin component in hormonal contraception. When estrogen dose is reduced from 50 to 20 mcg, the extent of hyperinsulinemia decreases. Recently, the oral combination co…

Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E(2)) or its valerate ester (E(2)V) offer an alternative to ethinyl estradiol (EE). E(2)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have demonstrated sufficient ovulation inhibition and acceptable co…

Previous attempts to replace ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17beta-estradiol (E2) in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have proved unsatisfactory in terms of bleeding outcomes. A review of previous studies of E2-based COCs has shown that, des…