Johannes Bitzer

Female sexual dysfunctions are grouped into desire, arousal, orgasmic, and sexual pain disorders according to international classification systems. The disorders frequently overlap and coexist, and the pathogenesis is in most cases due to a…

Purpose: To evaluate differences in key outcomes between younger and older women receiving the oral contraceptive oestradiol valerate/dienogest (E2V/DNG).Methods: We conducted a pooled post hoc analysis of primary data from 12 studies of E2…

We systematically reviewed data about the effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age. Thereafter a consensus procedure among international experts was undertaken to develop statements to…

Chapter 6 begins with a discussion of how to assess disease severity. It then moves on to the concepts of physical and emotional pain, which are particularly useful for understanding pelvic floor problems, infertility, pregnancy loss, and c…

Several data indicate that migraine, especially migraine with aura, is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and other vascular events. Of concern is whether the risk of ischemic stroke in migraineurs is magnified by the use …

OBJECTIVES: The clinical utility of extended regimen combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is increasingly being recognised. Our objective was to understand the attitudes of women and clinicians about the use of these regimens. We present the…

IMPORTANCE: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common complaint among reproductive-aged women, which negatively affects their health as well as their social, professional, and family lives. Modern medical management usually provides effect…

Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E(2)) or its valerate ester (E(2)V) offer an alternative to ethinyl estradiol (EE). E(2)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have demonstrated sufficient ovulation inhibition and acceptable co…

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the endometrial safety of an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate/dienogest (E(2)V/DNG) administered as an estrogen step-down and progestogen step-up regimen in women of r…

From a patient's perspective and experience endometriosis is characterized by six major challenges and stressors: 1) often the diagnosis is delayed; 2) the cause of the disease is unknown; 3) it is a chronic recurrent disease; 4) it affects…

OBJECTIVE: A novel oral contraceptive (OC) that contains oestradiol valerate (E2V; 1 mg of E2V is equivalent to 0.76 mg of 17beta-oestradiol) and dienogest (DNG) has been developed. The efficacy and safety of this formulation was assessed i…

Previous attempts to replace ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17beta-estradiol (E2) in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have proved unsatisfactory in terms of bleeding outcomes. A review of previous studies of E2-based COCs has shown that, des…