Johannes Bitzer

Women aged ≤25 and >25 years have a similar experience with an E2V/DNV oral contraceptive, supporting this as an appropriate contraceptive option in younger and older women.

Chapter 6 begins with a discussion of how to assess disease severity. It then moves on to the concepts of physical and emotional pain, which are particularly useful for understanding pelvic floor problems, infertility, pregnancy loss, and c…

Importance Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common complaint among reproductive-aged women, which negatively affects their health as well as their social, professional, and family lives. Modern medical management usually provides effecti…

Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E(2)) or its valerate ester (E(2)V) offer an alternative to ethinyl estradiol (EE). E(2)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have demonstrated sufficient ovulation inhibition and acceptable co…

From a patient's perspective and experience endometriosis is characterized by six major challenges and stressors: 1) often the diagnosis is delayed; 2) the cause of the disease is unknown; 3) it is a chronic recurrent disease; 4) it affects…

ObjectiveA novel oral contraceptive (OC) that contains oestradiol valerate (E2V; 1 mg of E2V is equivalent to 0.76 mg of 17beta-oestradiol) and dienogest (DNG) has been developed. The efficacy and safety of this formulation was assessed in …

Previous attempts to replace ethinylestradiol (EE) with 17beta-estradiol (E2) in combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have proved unsatisfactory in terms of bleeding outcomes. A review of previous studies of E2-based COCs has shown that, des…