ObjectivesTo summarize the literature on the rediscovery and clinical exploration of the fourth natural estrogen estetrol (E4), more than 100 years after the discovery of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3).MethodsLiterature revi…
Ultrasound monitoring and hormonal blood testing are considered by many as an accurate method to predict ovulation time. However, uniform and validated algorithms for predicting ovulation have yet to be defined. Daily hormonal tests and tra…
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of over one million people worldwide, and has affected all aspects of healthcare worldwide, including the delivery of care to patients with fertility-related diagnoses. In the United States, the r…
Study questionWhat proportion of fertilized human ova are lost before implantation?Summary answerAn estimated 40 to 50% of fertilized ova fail to implant.What is known alreadyPreimplantation loss is not detectable with current technology. P…
The purpose of this Commentary is to assess whether the designation by New York State Department of Health of 'sexual and reproductive health services as essential' is consonant with the seemingly divergent objectives of providing patient-c…
The introduction of steroid "add-back" regimen draws on the recognition that several clinical entities targeted for treatment with GnRHa are not "six-month diseases". Included under this heading are individuals suffering from symptomatic en…
The introduction of steroid 'add-back' regimens draws on the recognition that several clinical entities targeted for treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) are not '6-month diseases'. Included under this heading are …