Talaromyces marinus (Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae): A new marine fungus from the Red Sea, Egypt, with distinguished enzymatic capabilities

Talaromyces marinus (Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae): A new marine fungus from the Red Sea, Egypt, with distinguished enzymatic capabilities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Talaromyces marinus (Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae): A new marine fungus from the Red Sea, Egypt, with distinguished enzymatic capabilities Ahmed Elbadry Abdel-Aziz, Enas Mahmoud Amer, Mahmoud Saadeldin Bakhit This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Talaromyces is a large and taxonomically important genus within Ascomycota, established to accommodate the teleomorphs of certain Penicillium species and now recognized as a monophyletic lineage distinct from Penicillium . Multigene analyses demonstrated that species formerly placed in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium belong within Talaromyces , leading to their reclassification under the single-name nomenclature system. Currently, the genus comprises 237 species arranged into nine sections supported by multilocus phylogeny. Species of Talaromyces are cosmopolitan, occurring in diverse habitats and substrates. It is notable for their medical, industrial, and ecological significance. In Egypt, several species of Talaromyces have been reported from a variety of substrates, highlighting the regional diversity and ecological relevance of the genus. Results A new marine taxon, Talaromyces marinus is recorded from decaying woody samples of Avicennia marina , collected from Wadi El-Jimal area, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Multi-locus analyses of the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacers of rDNA), LSU (nuclear large subunit rDNA), BenA (β-tubulin), and RPB2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) sequences dataset placed the new species within Talaromyces section Trachyspermi series Diversi but distinct from previously described species. The new taxon is characterized by restricted growth on different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, the shortest acerose phialides in series Diversi , globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal, smooth-walled conidia, acid production, and soluble pigments. Conclusion Talaromyces marinus sp. nov. is described, illustrated, phylogenetically analyzed, and its enzymatic potential is evaluated, it also compared with other species in the section Trachyspermi series Diversi . Eurotiomycetes saprobic intertidal fungi mangrove molecular phylogeny Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Talaromyces is one of the largest genera within the phylum Ascomycota. It was introduced by C.R. Benjamin to accommodate the teleomorph of certain Penicillium species, with T. vermiculatus (= T. flavus ) as the type species. Its teleomorph is characterized by cleistothecial, soft, superficial, yellow ascocarp with a wall of interwoven hyphae, and globose to subglobose asci containing ornamented ascospores [ 1 ], whereas anamorph have biverticillate or rarely terverticillate conidiophores with acerose, narrow-mouthed phialides, and smooth-walled, globose to ellipsoidal conidia that formed in basipetal chains [ 2 , 3 ]. According to the infrageneric classification system Penicillium was divided based on structure and branching patterns of the conidiophores into four subgenera: Aspergilloides , Biverticillium , Furcatum , and Penicillium [ 4 ]. Initial molecular analysis of Penicillium subg. Biverticillium demonstrated that these species were phylogenetically distinct from those classified under the other three subgenera [ 5 , 6 ]. For many years, Penicillium was considered polyphyletic with species classified under the subgenus Biverticillium . However, multigene analyses suggested excluding these species from Penicillium [ 5 ]. Subsequent studies demonstrated that most species of the subg. Biverticillium and Talaromyces cluster within a monophyletic clade [ 7 , 8 ]. Several species of Penicillium subg. Biverticillium were reassigned to Talaromyces based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the first large subunit of RNA polymerase ( RPB 1) [ 3 ]. Due to the single-name nomenclature concept, species from the subgenus Biverticillium were reclassified to be included in the genus Talaromyces , which incorporates both teleomorphic and anamorphic species [ 3 ]. Advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have led to the identification of 237 species within the genus Talaromyces , which are classified into nine sections: Bacillispori , Helici , Islandici , Purpurei, Subinflati , Talaromyces , Trachyspermi , Tenues and Brunneospori [ 2 , 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Four gene phylogeny was used to support this sectional classification [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. Among the nine sections, Talaromyces sec. Talaromyces comprises approximately half of the documented species within the genus [ 13 , 14 ]. The second section in the species number is Trachyspermi that was established from T. trachyspermus based on differences in ubiquinone systems and the prevailing morphological classification [ 15 ]. Section Trachyspermi was restructured based on morphology and multi-locus datasets (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2) to include five new series, namely: Diversi , Erythromelles , Miniolutei, Resinarum and Trachyspermi [ 16 ]. Currently, 52 species are classified under section Trachyspermi [ 9 , 16 ]. Species of this section are characterized by biverticillate conidiophores and cream white or yellowish ascomata when produced [ 17 ]. It also grows poorly on creatine sucrose agar (CREA), slightly faster on malt extract agar (MEA), restrictedly on Czapek's yeast agar (CYA), yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) [ 17 ]. Species of Talaromyces are cosmopolitan, distributed across temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, and inhabit diverse substrates such as leaves, soil, fruits, wood, and house dust [ 2 ]. They have many medicinal, industrial and ecological importance. Several species are reported to cause infections human and animal disease [ 18 ], While many are good producers of anticancer, antimicrobial compounds, enzymes, natural colorants, biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, antiproliferative and antioxidative compounds [ 19 – 28 ]. Several Talaromyces species have been recorded from different substrates in Egypt [ 29 ]. Exploration of novel fungal species from marine habitat has gained increasing scientific interest due to their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Red Sea remains one of the least explored regions for the discovery and documentation of such fungi, so that this study is considered one of the studies that introduce a new fungal species T. marinus to science. Materials & Methods Samples collection Intertidal decaying woody samples of Avicennia marina (Forss.) Vierh were collected during spring 2015 from a mangrove site in the Wadi El-Jimal area (24°40'35"N 35°05'14"E − 24°40'05"N 35°05'34"E) that is located 115 km south Marsa Alam at Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Samples were brought to the laboratory in clean plastic bags. Metadata, including the date, geographic coordinates, and habitat were recorded on site. The samples were incubated in humid plastic boxes and examined periodically. Initial microscopic observations and examinations were taken by using an Olympus SZ61 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) stereomicroscope. The collected plant materials of Avicennia marina was identified by Dr. Ahmed Elkordy, Associate Professor of plant taxonomy, Faculty of Science, Sohag University. Voucher specimen (SHG-2015-020) were deposited at Sohag University Botanical Herbarium (Institutional acronym: SHG) and is publicly accessible for verification. Isolation and morphological description Pure cultures of the fungi were obtained by the single spore isolation method as described by Abdel-Wahab et al. [ 30 ]. Morphological characteristics were observed and described using standardized methods [ 31 ]. Eight standard growth media were used: Czapek’s yeast extract agar (CYA), Czapek’s agar (CA), Malt extract agar (MEA), Oatmeal agar (OA) [ 3 ], Yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and Creatine agar (CREA) [ 32 ], Corn meal agar (CMA; HiMedia, BioSciences, India), Potato dextrose agar (PDA; Oxoid, Basingstoke, England). The inoculum used was obtained from a 7 day-old pure isolated cultured on PDA. It was applied directly to the surface of each medium in 90 mm Petri dishes and then incubated in the dark at 25°C for two weeks. Morphological characteristics of the colony, including growth rate, texture, obverse and reverse colors, production of soluble pigments, exudate production, and sporulation on all media, were determined and recorded after 7 days of incubation. Color names used in the descriptions were based on RW Rayner [ 33 ]. To determine the presence of the sexual morph, cultures on CYA and OA media were incubated at 25°C in the dark for 40 days. Microscopic observations were performed on preparations made from cultures incubated on PDA for 2–3 weeks at 25°C in the dark. Micrographs were captured using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope equipped with a Toup Tek XCAM1080PHA (Toup Tek, Zhejiang, China) digital imaging system. The shape, surface structure, size, conidia, metulae, and branching pattern of conidiophores were recorded. Dried specimens, slides, and cultures were deposited in the Sohag University Microbial Culture Collection (SUMCC). DNA extraction, PCR amplification and Sequencing Cultures grown on glucose, peptone and yeast (GPY) broth [ 34 ] were used for genomic DNA extraction using the Microbial DNA Extraction Kit (MOBIO; Mo Bio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 [ 35 ], LR0R/LR7 [ 36 ], Bt2a/Bt2b [ 37 ] and 5F/7CR [ 38 ] were used to amplify the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS), partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU), β-tubulin ( BenA ), and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit ( RPB2 ), respectively. PCR amplification and sequencing were done as previously described [ 39 ] by Solgent Co. Ltd. (South Korea). The newly generated sequences were assembled using Sequencher 4.2.2 (Gene Codes Corporation). Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis (dup: abstract ?) Assembled sequences were subjected to a BLASTn search to reveal the closest matches. The other sequences used in the analyses (Table 1 ) were selected following recent publications [ 16 , 40 , 41 ]. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX [ 42 ] and optimized manually. Single-locus and multi-loci aligned datasets were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The MP analysis was performed sing PAUP*4 [ 43 ]. ML analysis was conducted by RAxMLGUI v. 2.0.13 [ 44 ] with 1000 rapid bootstrap replicates under the GTR + GAMMA substitution model. BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 [ 45 ]. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on details outlined previously [ 34 , 46 ]. The resulting trees were viewed with NJplot [ 47 ], and the layout was created in Adobe Illustrator CC (Adobe Systems Inc., CA, USA). Newly generated sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank. Table 1 Taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses of T. marinus . Newly generated sequences are indicated in bold. Species Voucher/Strain number Substrate Country GenBank accession no. ITS LSU BenA RPB2 Talaromyces aerius CBS 140611 T Indoor air China KU866647 — KU866835 KU866991 T. affinitatimellis CBS 143840 T Honey Spain LT906543 — LT906552 LT906546 T. africanus CBS 147340 T House dust South Africa OK339610 — OK338782 OK338833 T. albidus CGMCC 3.26143 T Soil China OQ746343 — OQ746324 OQ746328 T. albisclerotius CBS 141839 T Soil China MN864276 — MN863345 MN863334 T. albobiverticillius CBS 133440 T Decaying leaves Taiwan HQ605705 — KF114778 KM023310 T. amyrossmaniae NFCCI 1919 T Decaying fruits India MH909062 — MH909064 MH909066 T. assiutensis CBS 147.78 T Soil Egypt JN899323 MH872881 KJ865720 KM023305 T. atroroseus CBS 133442 T House dust South Africa KF114747 — KF114789 KM023288 T. austrocalifornicus CBS 644.95 T Soil USA JN899357 — KJ865732 MN969147 T. basipetosporus CBS 143836 T Honey Japan LC763423 — LT906563 LC763450 T. brasiliensis URM 7618 T Honey Brazil MF278323 — LT855560 MN969198 T. calidominioluteus CBS 147313 T Melon Netherlands OK339612 — OK338786 OK338837 T. catalonicus CBS 143039 T Herbivore dung Spain LT899793 — LT898318 LT899811 T. chongqingensis CGMCC 3.20482 T Soil China MZ358001 — MZ361343 MZ361357 T. clemensii PPRI 26753 T Wood in mine South Africa MK951940 MN388753 MK951833 MN418451 T. convolutus CBS 100537 T Soil Nepal JN899330 MT365179 KF114773 JN121414 T. cystophilus CGMCC40002 T Heterodera zeae cyst China: Guangxi OM835900 — ON164851 ON164852 T. diversus CBS 320.48 T Mouldy leather USA KJ865740 MH867913 KJ865723 KM023285 T. elephas CGMCC 3.28742 T Rotten husk of an unknown fruit China: Yunnan PV085756 — PV102706 PV102727 T. ellipsoideus CGMCC 3.22439 Sediment China OQ798985 — OQ808981 OQ809036 T. erythromellis CBS 644.80 T Soil Australia JN899383 MH877372 HQ156945 KM023290 T. gaditanus CBS 169.81 T Air Spain MH861318 — OK338775 OK338827 T. germanicus CBS 147314 T Indoor environment Germany OK339619 — OK338799 OK338845 T. guatemalensis CCF 6215 T Soil Guatemala MN322789 — MN329687 MN329689 T. hallidayae MST FP2569 Soil under turf gras Australia PP665728 — PP682580 PP682567 T . halophytorum KACC 48127 T Roots of Limonium tetragonum Republic of Korea MH725786 — MH729367 MK111427 T. heiheensis HMAS 248789 T Rotten wood China KX447526 — KX447525 KX447529 T. longistipes CGMCC 3.25509 Soil China OR680518 OR680585 OR843223 OR842935 T. marinus SUMCC 15014 Decaying wood of Avicennia marina Egypt PX683786 PX683787 PX694710 PX694709 T. mellisjaponici NBRC 116048 T Honey Japan LC763421 — LC763430 LC763448 T. minioluteus CBS 642.68 T Unknown Unknown JN899346 MH867191 MN969409 JF417443 T. minnesotensis CBS 142381 T Human ear USA LT558966 — LT559083 LT795605 T. palmae CBS 442.88 T Seeds of Chrysalidocarpus lutescen Netherlands JN899396 MT365208 HQ156947 KM023300 T. peaticola CGMCC 3.18620 T Soil (peat) China MF135613 — MF284705 MF284704 T. pernambucoensis URM 6894 T Soil, Brazil LR535947 — LR535945 LR535948 T. phialiformis CGMCC 3.22415 T Sediment China OQ798986 — OQ808982 — T. phuphaphetensis TBRC 16281 T Soil Thailand ON692803 — ON706960 ON706964 T. rubrifaciens CBS 140498 T HVAC system China KR855658 — KR855648 KR855663 T. resinae CBS 324.83 T Resin of Eucalyptus tereticornis China MT079858 — MN969442 MN969221 T. rubidus CGMCC 3.26142 T Soil China OQ746342 — OQ746323 OQ746327 T. samsonii CBS 137.84 T Apple damaged by insect Spain MH861709 MH873419 OK338798 OK338844 T. satunensis TBRC 16246 T Soil Thailand ON692804 — ON706961 — T. solicola DAOM 241015 T Soil South Africa FJ160264 — GU385731 KM023295 T. speluncarum CBS 143844 T Sparkling wine Spain LT985890 LS453298 LT985901 LT985911 T. subericola CBS 144322 T Sparkling wine Spain LT985888 NG075221 LT985899 LT985909 T. subinflatus CBS 652.95 T Soil Japan JN899397 MT365211 MK450890 KM023308 T. systylus BAFCcult 3419 T Soil Argentina KP026917 — KR233838 — T. tianshanicus CGMCC 3.28741 T Soil Uzbekistan PV085759 — PV102709 PV102730 T. tianshanicus UZ08-27 Soil Uzbekistan PV085760 — PV102710 — T. trachyspermus CBS 373.48 T Diseased fruits USA JN899354 MH867950 KF114803 JF417432 T. ucrainicus CBS 162.67 T Potato starch Ukraine JN899394 NG064058 KF114771 KM023289 T. udagawae CBS 579.72 T Soil Japan JN899350 — KF114796 MN969148 T. xishuangbannaensis CGMCC 3.28743 T Rotten husk of an unidentified fruit China: Yunnan PV085761 — PV102711 PV102731 Enzyme-Producing Potential Enzymes production capabilities of the new species T. marinus were assessed using standard screening assays. Twenty qualitative plate assays were conducted to evaluate the production of the following enzymes: Asparaginase, Celullase, Chitinase, Gelatinase, Inulinase, Laccase, Ligninase, Lignin peroxidase, Lipase, Manganese peroxidase, Tannase, Tyrosinase, Xylanase. Agar plate assay technique was employed for screening of asparaginase production according to Theantana et al. [ 48 ]. The ability of T . marinus to produce cellulase was tested according to the method of Kasana et al. [ 49 ]. The method of Pasqualetti et al. [ 50 ] was followed for detecting Chitinase production. Screening for the production of Gelatinase and Inulinase followed the methods applied by Muslim et al. [ 51 ], while the production of Laccase and Tannase were tested according to D'Souza et al. [ 52 ] and Kumar et al. [ 53 ], respectively. Guaiacol supplemented agar was prepared according to D'Souza et al. [ 52 ] for detection of ligninase production. Media described by Atalla et al. [ 54 ] and Sivakami et al. [ 55 ] was used to screen the activity of Lignin peroxidase. For the detection of lipase production, minimal salt agar medium was prepared with olive oil as a sole carbon source, with slight modifications. The formation of a white precipitate was recorded as a positive result [ 56 ]. PDA medium containing 0.0025% phenol red (w/v) was employed [ 57 ] for manganese peroxidase production. Hydrolytic and oxidative activities of tyrosinase were screened using tyrosine screening medium, following the method described by Raval et al. [ 58 ]. Xylanase activity was detected according to the methods of Bailey et al. [ 59 ]. Results Talaromyces marinus A.E. Abdel-Aziz and M.S. Bakhit sp. nov . MycoBank: MB861560 Typification Egypt, Red Sea (24°40'35"N 35°05'14"E − 24°40'05"N 35°05'34"E), isolated from intertidal decaying wood of Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae), 5 May 2015, coll. Ahmed E. Abdel-Aziz (Holotype, SUMCC H-15029 ), ex-type living = SUMCC 15014 Etymology marinus (Latin), referring to the sea where the species was collected. In: Talaromyces sec. Trachyspermi sec. Diversi GenBank ITS = PX683786 , Partial LSU rDNA = PX683787 , BenA = PX694710 and rbp2 = PX694709 Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis The concatenated ITS, LSU, Ben A, and RPB2 sequence dataset encompassed 54 fungal strains (Table 1 ), of which 52 belong to Talaromyces section Trachyspermi , with T. palmae (CBS 442.88) and T. subinflatus (CBS 652.95) in Talaromyces section Subinflati as the outgroup. The detailed characteristics of the datasets are presented in Table (2). The most parsimonious tree was with a tree length of 2,646 steps (CI = 0.4512, RI = 0.7092, RC = 0.3200, HI = 0.5919). The ML analysis of the combined dataset yielded the best-scoring tree (Fig. 1 ) with a final ML optimization likelihood value of -22314.031986. The matrix had 1,276 distinct patterns with 33.90% completely undetermined characters and gaps. Estimated base frequencies were A = 0.253631, C = 0.259278, G = 0.235614, T = 0.251477; substitution rates, AC 1.477576, AG = 4.283453, AT = 1.041284, CG = 1.121222, CT = 6.154256, GT = 1.0; gamma distribution shape parameter α = 0.996930. The Bayesian analysis resulted in 30,000 trees after three million generations. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies was 0.004281. The tree topology of ML, MP and BI did not show significant differences. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, BenA , and RPB2 sequence data placed the new taxon, T. marinus (SUMCC 15014) in ser. Diversi within Talaromyces sect. Trachyspermi but distinct from previously described species (Fig. 1 ). The new fungus formed a basal clade to a node containing Talaromyces cystophilus Y.X. Mo & H.Y. Wu and T . tianshanicus X.C. Wang, L.Y. Peng, Gafforov & W.Y. Zhuang with significant statistical support (100/100/1.00 for ML/MP/BYPP, respectively). The single-locus datasets (ITS, BenA , and RPB2 ) were also compiled and analyzed to compare the topology and clade stability with those from the combined gene analyses, however these were not significantly different. The phylogenetic trees based on each single locus are presented in the supplemented data (Figures S1 –S3). Table 2 Detailed characteristics of the datasets. Gene fragment Sequences no. Length of alignment Variable sites no. Parsimony-informative sites no. ITS 54 653 295 229 LSU 15 900 121 70 BenA 54 530 321 254 RPB2 50 950 358 320 Concatenated dataset 54 3,033 1,095 873 Macromorphology FIG. A-J Colonies on CYA at 25°C after 7 d: 19–25 mm diam., circular with regular margins, and convoluted at the center. The colony color was greenish yellow at the center and pale yellow toward the margin, while the reverse was brown in the middle and pale brown toward the margin. Exudate was present, but soluble pigment and sexual morph were absent. On YES at 25 C after 7 d: 10–16 mm diam., irregular becoming velvety by the second week, surface velutinous; mycelium yellow to white at margins; reverse pale brown; exudate present; soluble pigment present. On MEA at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 8–16 mm diam., growing slowly, umbonate in central areas, depth of the colony moderate, margin entire; surface mealy; yellow and in some parts yellowish green and white toward the margins; revers pale yellow; exudate present; soluble pigment present. On OA at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 5–8 mm diam, the growth is very week, flat and looks like mucilage; entire margin; pale green color; revers is yellowish green; no exudate; soluble pigment absent; sexual morph absent. On CA at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 11–18 mm diam., irregular with entire margin, raised from the media surface, sulphur yellow color with white towards the margins, white revers; exudate present, small yellow droplets; soluble pigment present. on CMA at 25 C after 7 d: There is no detectable growth, while after 22 days 3–5 mm diam, yellow green color with irregular margins and reverse is yellow. On PDA at 25 C after 7 d: 18–21 mm diam., floccose with entire margin, greenish at the center become yellow toward the margin, white to pale yellow reverse, exudate present; soluble pigment absent. On CREA at 25 C after 7 d: there is no growth at the first week, after 14 days growing slowly and colonies about 6–9 mm diam.; deep yellow color; acid production present; soluble pigment absent. Micromorphology FIG. 2 K-O Conidiophores 112–200 × 2–3 µm (≈ 150 × 2.5; n = 25), arising from aerial hyphae with long stipes, hyaline, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled to finely roughened, with slightly swollen apices, penicilli symmetrically biverticillate; Metulae 8–10 (− 11) × 2.5–3 µm (n = 30); 4–6 per stipe, appressed, hyaline, cylindrical; Phialides 4–5 × 2–3 µm; 3–5 per metula, acerose, without long collula; Conidia globose to subglobose or sometimes ellipsoidal, 2–2.5 x 2.2–3 µm (n = 100), hyaline, smooth. Sexual morph not observed. Notes The new species is characterized by slow growth in different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, and the shortest phialides in series Diversi . It produces globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal smooth-walled conidia and generates acid on CREA. Additionally, it produces small yellow droplets as exudate exclusively on CA, with no colored pigment observed on any of the media tested. A clear zone around the colony is present on YES, CA, and MEA. Promising Enzymatic activity FIG. 3 A-D The ability of Talaromyces marinus to produce various enzymes has been studied and screened for 13 extracellular enzymes on solid media. Table (3) summarizes the enzymatic activities of this new species. Talaromyces marinus efficiently produces asparaginase, xylanase and cellulase, while it produces gelatinase and tannase moderately. It also shows positive results for chitinase. Conversely, it does not produce lipase, inulinase or tyrosinase, but it efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. Therefore, further quantitative studies on its enzymatic production and other secondary metabolites are highly recommended. Table 3 Qualitative enzymatic activities exhibited by Talaromyces marinus Tested enzyme Production Asparaginase +++ Celullase +++ Chitinase + Gelatinase ++ Inulinase - Laccase +++ Ligninase +++ Lignin peroxidase +++ Lipase - Manganese peroxidase +++ Tannase ++ Tyrosinase - Xylanase +++ (+++) good production, (++) moderate production, (+) less production, (-) no production. Discussion The genus Talaromyces is a taxonomically and industrially significant group that has a substantial impact on daily life, particularly in the food industry, medical field, and biotechnology [ 2 ]. Its impact aroused significant interest in its taxonomy. Consequently, the number of newly described Talaromyces species has markedly increased in recent years [ 9 , 16 ]. Through ongoing research, Talaromyces marinus is introduced as a new species to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed the new taxon, Talaromyces marinus in ser. Diversi within Talaromyces sect. Trachyspermi and clustered with T. cystophilus (as T . cystophila ) and T . tianshanicus . The ITS, BenA and RPB2 phylograms also consistently show that the new taxon is closely related to T. cystophilus and T . tianshanicus with strong statistical support. Talaromyces marinus is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of Avicennia marina collected from marine environments in Egypt, while T . cystophilus is a nematode parasite isolated (as T . cystophila ) from Heterodera zeae cyst in Guangxi, China [ 60 ], and T . tianshanicus was identified from soil sample collected from Western Tian Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan [ 16 ]. Talaromyces marinus exhibits all the diagnostic characteristics of the Talaromyces section Trachyspermi ser. Diversi . Notably, T . marinus has symmetrically biverticillate penicilli unlike T . tianshanicus , which possesses biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate penicilli. Metulae in T . marinus are appressed, similar to those in T . cystophilus [ 60 ], whereas they are divergent in other species within ser. Diversi . T . marinus has the shortest phialides in this series, measuring 4–5 × 2–3 µm, distinguishing it from all other species in series Diversi . Additionally, the number of penicilli per metula ranges from 4 to 6, differing from T . tianshanicus , which is only 1 to 5 per metula [ 16 ]. Talaromyces marinus shares similarities and differences with other species within section Trachyspermi ser. Diversi. It displays restricted growth on different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, acerose phialides, and globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal smooth-walled conidia. It does not produce a teleomorph on any of the media tested, which is consistent with other species in ser. Diversi . Colonies of T. marinus on MEA (8–16 mm) and OA (5–8 mm) are notably smaller than those of other species within the series Diversi. When cultivated on YES, CA, and MEA media, T . marinus exhibits a distinct clear zone resembling soluble pigment diffusion around the colony, distinguishing it from other species in the series. Exudate appears as small yellow droplets on CA, whereas T . albisclerotius and T . clemensii produce as small clear droplets on OA and MEA by, respectively [ 10 , 61 ]. Unlike other species in the series Diversi , which typically grow on CREA within 7 days, T . marinus requires approximately 14 days for visible growth and subsequently produces acid, whereas T . cystophilus and T . tianshanicus do not grow on CREA [ 16 , 60 ]. The conidiophore of T . marinus is unbranched, distinguishing it from T . albisclerotius [ 10 ] and T . clemensii [ 61 ]. Additionally, its conidiophore is smooth to finely roughened, unlike other species in ser. Diversi that have smooth walled stipes. The species most closely related to T . marinus are T . cystophilus and T . tianshanicus with distinguishing differences summarized in Table (4). Several species of Talaromyces have been reported to produce diverse bioactive compounds, including anticancer, antimicrobial, enzymes, natural colorants, antiproliferative and antioxidative agents [ 19 , 20 , 23 – 25 , 27 , 28 ]. Enzymes produced by members of the genus Talaromyces are used in various industries, including food, paper, textiles, and biomedicine [ 62 ]. Talaromyces marinus was screened for extracellular enzymes production and was identified as promising source of multiple industrially relevant enzymes (Table 3 ). Different species of Talaromyces have been identified as good sources of specific enzymes. For example, T. stipitatus produces feruloyl esterases [ 63 ], T. flavus produces a thermophilic glucoamylase [ 64 ], and T. versatilis strain PF8 produces endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase (3-(1–3;1–4)-β-d-glucan 3(4)-glucanohydrolase enzyme [ 65 ]. Talaromyces marneffei , T . trachyspermus , T . barcinensis and T . ucrainicus have been found capable of producing cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes [ 66 , 67 ]. Talaromyces emersonii has also been shown to produce a broad range of enzymatic activities relevant to the hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin [ 68 ]. M Pasqualetti, P Barghini, V Giovannini and M Fenice [ 50 ] reported that only 11 out of 28 (39%) of the studied fungal strains could degrade chitin. Talaromyces marinus demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase and chitinase, that may be utilized in the synthesis of high-value chitin derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) or in the degradation of chitin-rich materials such as leftovers from the shrimp or crab industries. It was also found to produce a lot amount of xylanase like Talaromyces amestolkiae [ 69 ], making it a promising source of xylanase for the paper industry. L-asparaginase derived from marine sources presents a prospective avenue for clinical and food application due to its unique architectures, reduced molecular weights, and strong substrate selectivity [ 70 ]. Asparaginase is produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including fungi, produce asparaginase [ 71 ]. Theantana et al. [ 48 ] isolated fifteen asparaginase-producing fungal strains, one of which was Talaromyces sp.. The new species, T . marinus , demonstrates a strong capacity to produce the asparaginase enzyme, making it a promising source of L-asparaginase. Laccase offers significant advantages in environmental applications due to its natural secretion and high stability outside of cells. DT D'Souza, R Tiwari, AK Sah and C Raghukumar [ 52 ] were the first to report a marine fungus that produce considerable amounts of laccase when cultivated in a saltwater medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. Among forty fungi isolated from decomposing mangrove wood, three exhibited positive laccase activity when grown with guaiacol [ 54 ]. Laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase lack substrate specificity, enabling the producer to degrade lignin and a variety of other xenobiotics, including industrial-colored wastewaters [ 52 ]. Talaromyces marinus does not produce lipase but efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, making it a valuable source of these enzymes for various industries. Upon screening more than 400 strains of marine yeast from diverse marine environments, only a few strains were able to release significant amounts of inulinase [ 72 ], similarly, Talaromyces marinus showed no activity in Inulinase production. However, it possesses moderate capacity to produce tannase and gelatinase. Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols into o-quinones and the orthohydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols [ 73 ]. Among twenty fungal isolates tested for tyrosinase activity, only two produced the enzyme [ 74 ]. Similarly, T . marinus was unable to synthesize tyrosinase enzyme. Talaromyces marinus has shown promising preliminary results in producing various enzymes, making it a clean and renewable source for these enzymes in different industries. However, further quantitative studies are needed. Table 4 Morphological comparison between Talaromyces marinus and their closely related species under sec. Trachyspermi ser. Diversi species Colonies diam at 25 C, 7 d (mm) Exudate Soluble pigment Conidiophore Metulae Phialide Conidia Sexual morph CYA YES MEA OA CA PDA CREA T. albisclerotius Sun et al. [ 10 ] 5–8 - 19–20 13–14 - - No growth Absent, Except on OA present Absent 70–130 × 3–4 µm, biverticillate, minor proportion having subterminal branches; stipes smooth. 8.5–11 × 4–4.5 µm, 3–5 per stipe, divergent 9–11 × 3–5 µm, 4–6 per metulae, acerose, 2–4.5× 3–4 µm, subglobose to fusiform, smooth. Absent, white sclerotia present on OA after 1 wk. T. clemensii Crous et al. [ 61 ] 5–8 6–7 30–31 0–11 - - 6–7 Absent Absent 150–520 × 3–4 µm, biverticillate, sometimes subterminal branched; Stipes smooth. 10.5–13 × 3–4 µm, 4–8 per stipe 10–12 × 2.5–3 µm, 4–6 per metula, acerose. 2–3 × 2–2.5 µm, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth. Absent T. cystophilus Mo et al. [ 60 ] 21– 26 19–24 32– 33 18–22 – – – On YES light-yellow droplets, on OA clear droplets Absent 150–200 × 2.5–4 µm, biverticillate, stipes smooth. 8–13 × 2–3 µm, 4–8 per stipe, appressed. 10–12 × 1.5–2.5 µm, 1–4 per metula, acerose. 2.6–3.0 × 2.5–3 µm, subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth. Absent T. diversus Samson et al. [ 3 ] – – After twelve to fourteen days 50–55 – – – – Absent Absent 200–300 × 2–2.5 µm, symmetrical biverticillate, stipes smooth, 9–11 × 2–2.5 µm, 5–7 per stipe, 8–10 × 1.8–2.2 µm, 6–8 per stipe, compact clusters. 2–2.5 × 1.5–2 µm, elliptical to subglobose or broadly elliptical, smooth or delicately roughened. Absent Table 4 Morphological comparison between Talaromyces marinus and their closely related species under sec. Trachyspermi ser. Diversi “Continued” species Colonies diam at 25 C, 7 d (mm) Exudate Soluble pigment Conidiophore Metulae Phialide Conidia Sexual morph CYA YES MEA OA CA PDA CREA T . marinus This study 19–25 10–16 8–16 5–8 11–18 18–21 No growth in the first 7 days, After 14 days 6–9 Absent, Except small yellow droplets on CA Clear zone around the colony on YES, CA and MEA. 112–200 × 2–3 µm, hyaline, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled to finely roughened, penicilli mostly symmetrically biverticillate. 8–10 × 2.5–3 µm, 4–6 per stipe, appressed, hyaline, cylindrical 4–5 × 2–3 µm; 3–5 per metulae, acerose 2–2.5 × 2.2–3 µm, subglobose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth. Absent T. peaticola JQ Tian, YF Wang and JZ Sun [ 75 ] 5.0–6.9 9–11 24.7–24.9 11.7–12.5 - - 3.3–3.9 Small clear droplets on MEA Absent 160–200 × 3–4 µm, biverticillate, stipes smooth-walled. 7.5–11.5 × 2–3 µm, 3–8 per stipe, divergent. 7.0–13.5 × 1.5-2.0 µm, acerose, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.0 µm, globose to subglobose, smooth. Absent T. tianshanicus LY Peng, XC Wang, Y Gafforov and WY Zhuang [ 16 ] 16–19 11–15 21–23 – – 19–21 – Absent Absent 110–210 × 2.5–3.5 µm, irregularly biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate, stipes smooth-walled. 7–13 × 2.5–3.5 µm, 2–6 per stipe. 6.5–12 × 2.0–3.0 µm, 1–5 per metula, ampulliform to acerose, tapering into very thin neck. 2.0–2.5 × 1.7–2.0 µm, subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth. Absent Conclusion A new marine fungal species T. marinus is introduced to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. It is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of Avicennia marina collected from the Red Sea in Egypt. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed the new taxon in Talaromyces sect. Trachyspermi ser. Diversi and clustered with T . cystophilus (as T . cystophila ) and T . tianshanicus . Morphologically, T. marinus exhibits all the diagnostic characteristics of the Talaromyces section Trachyspermi ser. Diversi . While T. marinus is distinguished from other species under series Diversi by the shortest phialides 4–5 × 2–3 µm and smooth to finely roughened conidiophore. It also showed differences from the closest species T . cystophilus and T . tianshanicus . Talaromyces marinus is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of Avicennia marina collected from marine environments in Egypt, while T . cystophilus is a nematode parasite isolated from Heterodera zeae cyst in Guangxi, China, and T . tianshanicus was identified from soil sample collected from Western Tian Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan. Notably, T . marinus has symmetrically biverticillate penicilli unlike T . tianshanicus , which possesses biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate penicilli. Additionally, the number of penicilli per metula ranges from 4 to 6, differing from T . tianshanicus , which is only 1 to 5 per metula. Metulae in T . marinus are appressed, similar to those in T . cystophilus , whereas they are divergent in other species within ser. Diversi . Qualitative enzymatic capabilities of T. marinus were studied and revealed that it has the ability to produce cellulase and chitinase, that may be utilized in the synthesis of high-value chitin derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) or in the degradation of chitin-rich materials such as leftovers from the shrimp or crab industries. It also demonstrates a strong capacity to produce the asparaginase enzyme, making it a promising source of L-asparaginase. Talaromyces marinus does not produce lipase, inulinase or tyrosinase but efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, making it a valuable source of these enzymes for various industries. The promising capabilities of T. marinus to produce various enzymes, making it a clean and renewable source for these enzymes in different industries. However, further quantitative studies are needed. Declarations Author statement We hereby declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors confirm that they have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. We further confirm that all individuals who meet the criteria for authorship are included as authors, and that no qualified contributors have been omitted. The order of authors has been mutually agreed upon by all authors. We acknowledge that the corresponding author is the sole point of contact for the editorial process and is responsible for all communications with the co-authors regarding submission, revisions, and final approval of the proofs. Ethics approval This article does not contain any experiments with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All decaying woody samples were collected from public land and the methods used in this study followed the relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation, and no living plant parts were collected. Consent to participate Not Applicable Consent for Publication All authors participated in, read and approved the final version of the article before publication. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this work. Funding Author(s) confirm that no external funding was provided by any organization or institute for this work. Open access funding is provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB). Author Contribution **Ahmed Elbadry Abdel Aziz** : Writing original draft – review & editing, Validation, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. **Enas Mahmoud Amer** : Writing – editing, Investigation, Validation, Conceptualization. **Mahmoud Saadeldin Bakhit** : Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Phylogenetic analysis, Visualization, Validation, Conceptualization.. Acknowledgement We acknowledged Prof. Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab for his guidance, advice and help in DNA isolation and sequencing. Dr. Ahmed Elkord, Associate professor of plant taxonomy was also acknowledged for his help in the identification of plant specimen. Data Availability The ITS region, LSU, *BenA* , and *rpb2* gene sequences of *Talaromyces marinus* have been deposited at Gen-Bank under the accession numbers PX683786, PX683787, PX694710, and PX694709. References Benjamin CR. Ascocarps of Aspergillus and Penicillium . Mycologia. 1955;47(5):669–87. Yilmaz N, Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Talaromyces . Stud Mycol. 2014;78:175–341. Samson RA, Yilmaz N, Houbraken J, Spierenburg H, Seifert KA, Peterson SW, et al. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium . Stud Mycol. 2011;70(1):159–83. Pitt J. The genus Penicillium and its teleomorphic states Eupenicillium and Talaromyces . London Academic Press Inc. Ltd.; 1979. Berbee ML, Yoshimura A, Sugiyama J, Taylor JW. Is Penicillium monophyletic? An evaluation of phylogeny in the family Trichocomaceae from 18S, 5.8S and ITS ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycologia. 1995;87(2):210–22. Malloch D. Trichocomaceae: relationships with other ascomycetes. Pp. 365–382. In: Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus systematics. Eds., R. A. Samson, and j. I. Pitt. Plenum Press, New York. Plenum Press, New York; 1985. Houbraken J, Kocsube S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, et al. Classification of Aspergillus , Penicillium , Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Stud Mycol. 2020;95:5–169. Houbraken J, Samson RA. Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families. Stud Mycol. 2011;70(1):1–51. Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Overy DP, Sklenář F, Bensch K, Frisvad JC, et al. From chaos to tranquillity: a modern approach to the identification, nomenclature and phylogeny of Aspergillus , Penicillium and other Eurotiales, including an updated accepted species list. Studies in Mycology; 2025. Sun BD, Chen AJ, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Wu WP, Wei HL, et al. New section and species in Talaromyces . MycoKeys. 2020;68:75–113. Chen AJ, Sun BD, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Yilmaz N, Zhou YG, et al. New Talaromyces species from indoor environments in China. Stud Mycol. 2016;84:119–44. Zang W, Li M, Sun J, Gao C, Wang L. Two New Species of Talaromyces Sect. Trachyspermi Discovered China Mycopathologia. 2023;188(5):793–804. Wang X-C, Chen KAI, Xia Y-W, Wang L, Li T-H, Zhuang W-Y. A new species of Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae) from the Xisha Islands, Hainan, China. Phytotaxa. 2016;267(3). Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Seifert KA, Samson RA, et al. Five new Talaromyces species with ampulliform-like phialides and globose rough walled conidia resembling T . verruculosus . Mycoscience. 2015;56(5):486–502. Yaguchi T, Someya A, Udagawa S. A reappraisal of intrageneric classification of Talaromyces based on the ubiquinone systems. Mycoscience. 1996;37:55–60. Peng LY, Wang XC, Gafforov Y, Zhuang WY. Seven New Series and Four New Species in Sections Subinflati and Trachyspermi of Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales). J Fungi (Basel). 2025;11(7). Yilmaz N, Houbraken J, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Visagie CM, Samson RA. Delimitation and characterisation of Talaromyces purpurogenus and related species. Persoonia. 2012;29:39–54. Guevara-Suarez M, Sutton DA, Gene J, Garcia D, Wiederhold N, Guarro J, et al. Four new species of Talaromyces from clinical sources. Mycoses. 2017;60(10):651–62. Zhai MM, Li J, Jiang CX, Shi YP, Di DL, Crews P, et al. The Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Talaromyces species. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2016;6(1):1–24. Nicoletti R, Salvatore MM, Andolfi A. Secondary Metabolites of Mangrove-Associated Strains of Talaromyces . Mar Drugs. 2018;16(1). Xu Y, Feng X, Jia J, Chen X, Jiang T, Rasool A, et al. A Novel beta-Glucuronidase from Talaromyces pinophilus Li-93 Precisely Hydrolyzes Glycyrrhizin into Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3-O-Mono-beta-d-Glucuronide. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018;84:19. Abdel-Rahim IR, Abo-Elyousr KAM. Talaromyces pinophilus strain AUN-1 as a novel mycoparasite of Botrytis cinerea , the pathogen of onion scape and umbel blights. Microbiol Res. 2018;212–213:1–9. Antonopoulou I, Iancu L, Jutten P, Piechot A, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Screening of novel feruloyl esterases from Talaromyces wortmannii for the development of efficient and sustainable syntheses of feruloyl derivatives. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019;120:124–35. Lian W, Wang W, Tan CP, Wang J, Wang Y. Immobilized Talaromyces thermophilus lipase as an efficient catalyst for the production of LML-type structured lipids. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2019;42(2):321–9. Kumari M, Taritla S, Sharma A, Jayabaskaran C. Antiproliferative and Antioxidative Bioactive Compounds in Extracts of Marine-Derived Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus . Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1777. Kim MJ, Shim CK, Kim YK, Hong SJ, Park JH, Han EJ, et al. Enhancement of Seed Dehiscence by Seed Treatment with Talaromyces flavus GG01 and GG04 in Ginseng (Panax ginseng). Plant Pathol J. 2017;33(1):1–8. Frisvad JC, Yilmaz N, Thrane U, Rasmussen KB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Talaromyces atroroseus , a new species efficiently producing industrially relevant red pigments. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e84102. Zaccarim BR, de Oliveira F, Passarini MRZ, Duarte AWF, Sette LD, Jozala AF, et al. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of Talaromyces amestolkiae from amazon: A producer of natural colorants. Biotechnol Prog. 2019;35(1):e2684. Abdel-Azeem AM. Fungi of Egypt. https://www.fungiofegypt.com/eol.html (2014). Accessed 14 November 2025. Abdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Jones EBG, Elgorban AM, Abdel-Aziz FA, Hodhod MS et al. Two new species of Kallichroma (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Saudi Arabian mangroves. Phytotaxa. 2016;260(1). Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Hong SB, Klaassen CH, Perrone G, et al. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium . Stud Mycol. 2014;78:343–71. Frisvad JC. Physiological Criteria and Mycotoxin Production as Aids in Identification of Common Asymmetric Penicillia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981;41(3):568–79. Rayner RW. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute & British Mycological Society, UK.; 1970. Bakhit MS, Abdel-Aziz AE, Mahmoud AF, Abdel-Aziz FA. Murispora purpurea , sp. nov., and the aeroaquatic fungus Brocchiosphaera microspora from freshwater habitats in Egypt. Sydowia. 2024;76:149. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 38 - Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR Protocols. San Diego: Academic; 1990. pp. 315–22. Vilgalys R, Hester M. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol. 1990;172(8):4238–46. Glass NL, Donaldson GC. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995;61(4):1323–30. Liu YJ, Whelen S, Hall BD. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Mol Biol Evol. 1999;16(12):1799–808. Abdel-Wahab MA, Nagahama T, Abdel-Aziz FA. Two new Corollospora species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data. Mycoscience. 2009;50(3):147–55. Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Kocsubé S, Frisvad JC, Hubka V, Samson RA, et al. A review of recently introduced Aspergillus , Penicillium , Talaromyces and other Eurotiales species. Stud Mycol. 2024;107:1–66. Okubo A, Itagaki T, Hirose D. Talaromyces mellisjaponici sp. nov., a xerophilic species isolated from honey in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2024;74(1). Thompson JD, Toby JG, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL X Windows Interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25(24):4876–82. Swofford DL. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods)*. Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates; 2003. Edler D, Klein J, Antonelli A, Silvestro D. raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods Ecol Evol. 2021;12(2):373–7. Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2003;19(12):1572–4. Bakhit MS, Abdel-Wahab MA. Paraloratospora edkuensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Phaeosphaeriaceae) from the brackish Lake Edku, Egypt. Botanica Marina. 2025;68(2):143 – 53. Perrière G, Gouy M. WWW-query: an on-line retrieval system for biological sequence banks. Biochimie. 1996;78(5):364–9. Theantana T, Hyde KD, Lumyong S. Asparaginase production by endophytic fungi from Thai medicinal plants: cytotoxicity properties. Int J Integr Biology. 2009;7(1):1–8. Kasana RC, Salwan R, Dhar H, Dutt S, Gulati A. A rapid and easy method for the detection of microbial cellulases on agar plates using Gram’s iodine. Curr Microbiol. 2008;57(5):503–7. Pasqualetti M, Barghini P, Giovannini V, Fenice M. High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea . Molecules. 2019;24(10):1880. Muslim SN, Ali ANM, Salman IMA, AL_Kadmy IM, Muslim SN. Detection of the optimal conditions for inulinase productivity and activity by Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from agricultural rhizosphere soil. Biolog Sci(IJACEBS). 2015;2:1–7. D'Souza DT, Tiwari R, Sah AK, Raghukumar C. Enhanced production of laccase by a marine fungus during treatment of colored effluents and synthetic dyes. Enzym Microb Technol. 2006;38(3–4):504–11. Kumar R, Kumar A, Nagpal R, Sharma J, Kumari A. A novel and sensitive plate assay for screening of tannase-producing bacteria. Ann Microbiol. 2010;60(1):177–9. Atalla MM, Zeinab HK, Eman RH, Amani AY, Abeer A. Screening of some marine-derived fungal isolates for lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs) production. Agric Biology J North Am. 2010;1(4):591–9. Sivakami V, Ramachandran B, Srivathsan J, Kesavaperumal G, Benila Smily BS, Kumar DM. Production and optimization of laccase and lignin peroxidase by newly isolated Pleurotus ostreatus LIG 19. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res. 2012;2(6):875–81. Lanka S, Trinkle T. Screening and Isolation of Lipase Producing Fungi from Marine Water Obtained from Machilipatnam Costal Region. Int J pharmacognosy phytochemical Res. 2017;9(7):928–32. Ali MIA, Khalil NM, Abd El-Ghany MN. Biodegradation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Aspergillus terreus . Afr J Microbiol Res. 2012;6(16):3783–90. Raval KM, Vaswani PS, Majumder D. Biotransformation of a single amino-acid L-tyrosine into a bioactive molecule L-DOPA. Int J Sci Res. 2012;2:2250–3153. Bailey MJ, Biely P, Poutanen K. Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. J Biotechnol. 1992;23(3):257–70. Mo YX, Kan YZ, Jia LM, Cao XT, Sikandar A, Wu HY. Characterization and Effect of a Nematophagous Fungus Talaromyces cystophila sp. nov. for the Biological Control of Corn Cyst Nematode. Phytopathology. 2024;114(3):618–29. Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Lombard L, Roets F, Swart WJ, Alvarado P et al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 951–1041. Persoonia. 2019;43:223–425. El-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind’s Challenges. J Fungi. 2022;8(1):23. Garcia-Conesa MT, Crepin VF, Goldson AJ, Williamson G, Cummings NJ, Connerton IF, et al. The feruloyl esterase system of Talaromyces stipitatus : production of three discrete feruloyl esterases, including a novel enzyme, TsFaeC, with a broad substrate specificity. J Biotechnol. 2004;108(3):227–41. Hang YD, Woodams EE. Thermophilic glucoamylase from Talaromyces flavus . Lett Appl Microbiol. 1993;17(4):156–7. Zorn H, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Catania F, Gadermaier G, Greiner R, et al. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase from the non-genetically modified Talaromyces versatilis strain PF8. EFSA J. 2024;22(10):e9033. Elsababty Z, Ali MA, Houbraken J. Cellulolytic and Pectinolytic Enzymes of Some Selected Heat Resistant Fungi. J Microbiol Exper. 2015;2(2):66–9. Tangthirasunun N, Bhat DJ, Poeaim S. Antibacterial and lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activities of coprophilous fungi obtained from cow dung in Thailand. Asian J Agric Biology. 2024;4:2023323. http:/doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.323 . Fernandes S, Murray PG, Tuohy MG. Enzyme systems from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii for sugar beet bioconversion. Bio Res. 2008;3(3):898–909. Barbieri GS, Bento HBS, de Oliveira F, Picheli FP, Dias LM, Masarin F et al. Xylanase Production by Talaromyces amestolkiae Valuing Agroindustrial Byproducts. BioTech. 2022;11(2):15. Sun Z, Qin R, Li D, Ji K, Wang T, Cui Z, et al. A novel bacterial type II l-asparaginase and evaluation of its enzymatic acrylamide reduction in French fries. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;92:232–9. Sarquis MI, Oliveira EM, Santos AS, Costa GL. Production of L-asparaginase by filamentous fungi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004;99(5):489–92. Gao L, Chi Z, Sheng J, Wang L, Li J, Gong F. Inulinase-producing Marine Yeasts: Evaluation of their Diversity and Inulin Hydrolysis by Their Crude Enzymes. Microb Ecol. 2007;54(4):722–9. Adeyemi O, Oginni O, Osubor CC, Adeyemi O, Oloyede OB, Oladiji AT, et al. Effect of water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane on Clarias gariepinus’ cellular system. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(8):1941–4. Roy S, Das I, Munjal M, Karthik L, Kumar G, Kumar S, et al. Isolation and characterization of tyrosinase produced by marine actinobacteria and its application in the removal of phenol from aqueous environment. Front Biology. 2014;9(4):306–16. Tian JQ, Wang YF, Sun JZ. Talaromyces peaticola (Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales), a new species from the Zoige wetlands, China. Stud Fungi. 2021;6(1):391–9. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files FigureS1.ITS.tif FigureS2.TUBA.tif FigureS3.RPB2.tif Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 26 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 31 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 31 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 31 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8462966","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":593374162,"identity":"aaa16203-7729-4489-9f06-81d907fdb86f","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmed Elbadry Abdel-Aziz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5jYGBjYGBn4g8wBUyICAFkaIFskGkrUYHEAI4dfC397Y9uBH2b3EzecPPzzAuONwYgN78zYJhopanFokzhxsN+w5V5y47UaawQHGM0AtPMfKJBjOHMdtzY3ENgnetgSgFh6GA4xtaYkNEjlmEoxtx3DqkL//sE3yL1DL5v4zUC3yb4Ba/uHWYnCDsU0aZMsGhhyQFhugLTxALQ01OLUYnklsN5Y5l2A8A+SXxDYb4zaetGKLhGMHcGqRO3742MM3ZQmy/f2HH3/42CYh289+eOONDzV1uL0PBY4NIDKBARxHIMZhglrs0QUI2zIKRsEoGAUjBgAA07dbVc0+GZMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"New Valley University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmed","middleName":"Elbadry","lastName":"Abdel-Aziz","suffix":""},{"id":593374164,"identity":"94b9301d-b70d-4452-ac84-574b0417714e","order_by":1,"name":"Enas Mahmoud Amer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Assiut University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Enas","middleName":"Mahmoud","lastName":"Amer","suffix":""},{"id":593374165,"identity":"97946a98-dbd2-4645-89e6-22947de4541c","order_by":2,"name":"Mahmoud Saadeldin Bakhit","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sohag University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahmoud","middleName":"Saadeldin","lastName":"Bakhit","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-27 20:08:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103050079,"identity":"391b9b1f-a397-4662-9231-28caae99c221","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 07:48:01","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1282688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis (RAxML) based on a combined ITS, LSU \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003edataset sequences of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sect. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e. ML and MP bootstrap supports (≥70 %) are indicated around the nodes. Branches received Bayesian pp ≥ 0.95 are in bold. The newly generated sequences are indicated in red.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/fad9234e49b1beb4d1e243f7.jpeg"},{"id":103020315,"identity":"8e420a6e-e1d4-4082-9a0f-5e5e90cee710","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 17:40:52","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":558072,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMacro and Micromorphological characters of \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e on different media.\u003cstrong\u003e A-E. \u003c/strong\u003eColony color\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003efrom left to right\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eCZ, PDA, MEA, CERA and YES.\u003cstrong\u003e F-J. \u003c/strong\u003eReverse\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ecolor\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003efrom left to right CZ, PDA, MEA, CERA and YES. \u003cstrong\u003eK-M. \u003c/strong\u003eSymmetrical biverticillate penicilli, appressed metulae and acerose phialides. \u003cstrong\u003eN, O. \u003c/strong\u003eConidia. Bars = K-M = 10 μm; \u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eO\u003c/strong\u003e = 5 μm\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/7c49a07ff83a23f425ef6dad.png"},{"id":103020316,"identity":"23a79a35-435d-4c09-99c9-939895c66418","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 17:40:52","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":601157,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTesting enzymatic activities of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c/strong\u003e. Moderate production of gelatinase, \u003cstrong\u003eB\u003c/strong\u003e. Positive production of manganese peroxidase,\u003cstrong\u003e C\u003c/strong\u003e. Clear zone indicating efficient production of xylanase, \u003cstrong\u003eD. \u003c/strong\u003eEfficient production of L-asparaginase.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/51a81295b690af4d91c9e418.png"},{"id":103051610,"identity":"18d6d2d5-0320-4495-a3ab-237c8f7cbedb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-20 08:01:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4178776,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/7ff743cb-3b5e-4c57-b21b-7220c03f7fe7.pdf"},{"id":103020311,"identity":"ada903cc-b378-41fd-bf96-bf13a758d2db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 17:40:51","extension":"tif","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":4698308,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FigureS1.ITS.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/b65760bc189ec5e40674f07d.tif"},{"id":103020317,"identity":"1308b961-6bb9-40b2-b08c-69179e5e07f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 17:40:52","extension":"tif","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":4565664,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FigureS2.TUBA.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/8431e8ff2f64297017d863d2.tif"},{"id":103020312,"identity":"e5c8dfb4-2d7d-4ab3-873b-6f3293db6933","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-19 17:40:51","extension":"tif","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":4879920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FigureS3.RPB2.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462966/v1/fa5c66fd0eb2872866b442f1.tif"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Talaromyces marinus (Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae): A new marine fungus from the Red Sea, Egypt, with distinguished enzymatic capabilities","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e is one of the largest genera within the phylum Ascomycota. It was introduced by C.R. Benjamin to accommodate the teleomorph of certain \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e species, with \u003cem\u003eT. vermiculatus\u003c/em\u003e (=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003eT. flavus\u003c/em\u003e) as the type species. Its teleomorph is characterized by cleistothecial, soft, superficial, yellow ascocarp with a wall of interwoven hyphae, and globose to subglobose asci containing ornamented ascospores [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e], whereas anamorph have biverticillate or rarely terverticillate conidiophores with acerose, narrow-mouthed phialides, and smooth-walled, globose to ellipsoidal conidia that formed in basipetal chains [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the infrageneric classification system \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e was divided based on structure and branching patterns of the conidiophores into four subgenera: \u003cem\u003eAspergilloides\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFurcatum\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Initial molecular analysis of \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e subg. \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e demonstrated that these species were phylogenetically distinct from those classified under the other three subgenera [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. For many years, \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e was considered polyphyletic with species classified under the subgenus \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e. However, multigene analyses suggested excluding these species from \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Subsequent studies demonstrated that most species of the subg. \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e cluster within a monophyletic clade [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Several species of \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e subg. \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e were reassigned to \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the first large subunit of RNA polymerase (\u003cem\u003eRPB\u003c/em\u003e1) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Due to the single-name nomenclature concept, species from the subgenus \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e were reclassified to be included in the genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e, which incorporates both teleomorphic and anamorphic species [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvances in molecular diagnostic techniques have led to the identification of 237 species within the genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e, which are classified into nine sections: \u003cem\u003eBacillispori\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eHelici\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eIslandici\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePurpurei, Subinflati\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTenues\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eBrunneospori\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Four gene phylogeny was used to support this sectional classification [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the nine sections, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sec. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e comprises approximately half of the documented species within the genus [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. The second section in the species number is \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e that was established from \u003cem\u003eT. trachyspermus\u003c/em\u003e based on differences in ubiquinone systems and the prevailing morphological classification [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e was restructured based on morphology and multi-locus datasets (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2) to include five new series, namely: \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eErythromelles\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMiniolutei, Resinarum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Currently, 52 species are classified under section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Species of this section are characterized by biverticillate conidiophores and cream white or yellowish ascomata when produced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. It also grows poorly on creatine sucrose agar (CREA), slightly faster on malt extract agar (MEA), restrictedly on Czapek's yeast agar (CYA), yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e are cosmopolitan, distributed across temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, and inhabit diverse substrates such as leaves, soil, fruits, wood, and house dust [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. They have many medicinal, industrial and ecological importance. Several species are reported to cause infections human and animal disease [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], While many are good producers of anticancer, antimicrobial compounds, enzymes, natural colorants, biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, antiproliferative and antioxidative compounds [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20 CR21 CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Several \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e species have been recorded from different substrates in Egypt [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Exploration of novel fungal species from marine habitat has gained increasing scientific interest due to their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Red Sea remains one of the least explored regions for the discovery and documentation of such fungi, so that this study is considered one of the studies that introduce a new fungal species \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e to science.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials \u0026 Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSamples collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntertidal decaying woody samples of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e (Forss.) Vierh were collected during spring 2015 from a mangrove site in the Wadi El-Jimal area (24\u0026deg;40'35\"N 35\u0026deg;05'14\"E \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;24\u0026deg;40'05\"N 35\u0026deg;05'34\"E) that is located 115 km south Marsa Alam at Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Samples were brought to the laboratory in clean plastic bags. Metadata, including the date, geographic coordinates, and habitat were recorded on site. The samples were incubated in humid plastic boxes and examined periodically. Initial microscopic observations and examinations were taken by using an Olympus SZ61 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) stereomicroscope.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe collected plant materials of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e was identified by Dr. Ahmed Elkordy, Associate Professor of plant taxonomy, Faculty of Science, Sohag University. Voucher specimen (SHG-2015-020) were deposited at Sohag University Botanical Herbarium (Institutional acronym: SHG) and is publicly accessible for verification.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIsolation and morphological description\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePure cultures of the fungi were obtained by the single spore isolation method as described by Abdel-Wahab et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Morphological characteristics were observed and described using standardized methods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Eight standard growth media were used: Czapek\u0026rsquo;s yeast extract agar (CYA), Czapek\u0026rsquo;s agar (CA), Malt extract agar (MEA), Oatmeal agar (OA) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], Yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and Creatine agar (CREA) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], Corn meal agar (CMA; HiMedia, BioSciences, India), Potato dextrose agar (PDA; Oxoid, Basingstoke, England). The inoculum used was obtained from a 7 day-old pure isolated cultured on PDA. It was applied directly to the surface of each medium in 90 mm Petri dishes and then incubated in the dark at 25\u0026deg;C for two weeks. Morphological characteristics of the colony, including growth rate, texture, obverse and reverse colors, production of soluble pigments, exudate production, and sporulation on all media, were determined and recorded after 7 days of incubation. Color names used in the descriptions were based on RW Rayner [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. To determine the presence of the sexual morph, cultures on CYA and OA media were incubated at 25\u0026deg;C in the dark for 40 days. Microscopic observations were performed on preparations made from cultures incubated on PDA for 2\u0026ndash;3 weeks at 25\u0026deg;C in the dark. Micrographs were captured using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope equipped with a Toup Tek XCAM1080PHA (Toup Tek, Zhejiang, China) digital imaging system. The shape, surface structure, size, conidia, metulae, and branching pattern of conidiophores were recorded. Dried specimens, slides, and cultures were deposited in the Sohag University Microbial Culture Collection (SUMCC).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDNA extraction, PCR amplification and Sequencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCultures grown on glucose, peptone and yeast (GPY) broth [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] were used for genomic DNA extraction using the Microbial DNA Extraction Kit (MOBIO; Mo Bio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e], LR0R/LR7 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e], Bt2a/Bt2b [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] and 5F/7CR [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e] were used to amplify the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS), partial nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU), β-tubulin (\u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e), and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (\u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e), respectively. PCR amplification and sequencing were done as previously described [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] by Solgent Co. Ltd. (South Korea). The newly generated sequences were assembled using Sequencher 4.2.2 (Gene Codes Corporation).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMolecular Phylogenetic Analysis (dup: abstract ?)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssembled sequences were subjected to a BLASTn search to reveal the closest matches. The other sequences used in the analyses (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) were selected following recent publications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. Sequences were aligned using ClustalX [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e] and optimized manually. Single-locus and multi-loci aligned datasets were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The MP analysis was performed sing PAUP*4 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. ML analysis was conducted by RAxMLGUI v. 2.0.13 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e] with 1000 rapid bootstrap replicates under the GTR\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;GAMMA substitution model. BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on details outlined previously [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. The resulting trees were viewed with NJplot [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e], and the layout was created in Adobe Illustrator CC (Adobe Systems Inc., CA, USA). Newly generated sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxa used in the phylogenetic analyses of \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e. Newly generated sequences are indicated in bold.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoucher/Strain number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenBank accession no.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eITS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLSU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRPB2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTalaromyces aerius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 140611\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor air\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKU866647\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKU866835\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKU866991\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. affinitatimellis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 143840\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoney\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT906543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT906552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT906546\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. africanus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 147340\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse dust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Africa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK339610\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338782\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. albidus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.26143\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. albisclerotius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 141839\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN864276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN863345\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN863334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. albobiverticillius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 133440 \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecaying leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHQ605705\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114778\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023310\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. amyrossmaniae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNFCCI 1919\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecaying fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH909062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH909064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH909066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. assiutensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 147.78\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgypt\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH872881\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ865720\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. atroroseus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 133442\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse dust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Africa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114747\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023288\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. austrocalifornicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 644.95\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899357\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ865732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. basipetosporus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 143836 \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoney\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC763423\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT906563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC763450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. brasiliensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eURM 7618\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoney\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrazil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMF278323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT855560\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. calidominioluteus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 147313\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK339612\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338837\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. catalonicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 143039\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbivore dung\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT899793\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT898318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT899811\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. chongqingensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.20482\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMZ358001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMZ361343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMZ361357\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. clemensii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePPRI 26753\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWood in mine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Africa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMK951940\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN388753\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMK951833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN418451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. convolutus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 100537\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNepal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT365179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN121414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. cystophilus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC40002\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHeterodera zeae\u003c/em\u003e cyst\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina: Guangxi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOM835900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON164851\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON164852\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. diversus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 320.48 \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMouldy leather\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ865740\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH867913\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ865723\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023285\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. elephas\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.28742\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotten husk of an unknown fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina: Yunnan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV085756\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102706\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102727\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. ellipsoideus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.22439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ798985\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ808981\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ809036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. erythromellis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 644.80\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899383\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH877372\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHQ156945\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. gaditanus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 169.81\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH861318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338775\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338827\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. germanicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 147314\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor environment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK339619\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338799\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338845\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. guatemalensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCCF 6215\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuatemala\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN322789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN329687\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN329689\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. hallidayae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMST FP2569\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil under turf gras\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePP665728\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePP682580\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePP682567\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ehalophytorum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKACC 48127\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots of \u003cem\u003eLimonium tetragonum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepublic of Korea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH725786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH729367\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMK111427\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. heiheensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHMAS 248789\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotten wood\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKX447526\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKX447525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKX447529\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. longistipes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.25509\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR680518\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR680585\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR843223\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR842935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eT. marinus\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSUMCC 15014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDecaying wood of\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEgypt\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePX683786\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePX683787\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePX694710\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePX694709\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. mellisjaponici\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNBRC 116048\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoney\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC763421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC763430\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC763448\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. minioluteus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 642.68\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899346\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH867191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969409\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJF417443\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. minnesotensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 142381\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman ear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT558966\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT559083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT795605\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. palmae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 442.88\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeds of\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eChrysalidocarpus lutescen\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT365208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHQ156947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. peaticola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.18620\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil (peat)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMF135613\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMF284705\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMF284704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. pernambucoensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eURM 6894\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrazil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLR535947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLR535945\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLR535948\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. phialiformis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.22415\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ798986\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ808982\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. phuphaphetensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTBRC 16281\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThailand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON692803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON706960\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON706964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. rubrifaciens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 140498\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHVAC system\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKR855658\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKR855648\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKR855663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. resinae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 324.83\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResin of \u003cem\u003eEucalyptus tereticornis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT079858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. rubidus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.26142\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOQ746327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. samsonii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 137.84\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApple damaged by insect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH861709\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH873419\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338798\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOK338844\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. satunensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTBRC 16246\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThailand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON692804\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eON706961\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. solicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDAOM 241015\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Africa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFJ160264\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGU385731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. speluncarum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 143844\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSparkling wine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS453298\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985911\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. subericola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 144322\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSparkling wine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNG075221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985899\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT985909\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. subinflatus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 652.95\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899397\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT365211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMK450890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. systylus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBAFCcult 3419\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArgentina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP026917\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKR233838\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. tianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.28741\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUzbekistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV085759\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102709\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102730\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. tianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUZ08-27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUzbekistan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV085760\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102710\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. trachyspermus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 373.48\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiseased fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899354\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMH867950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJF417432\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. ucrainicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 162.67 \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotato starch\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUkraine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899394\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNG064058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114771\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKM023289\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. udagawae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCBS 579.72\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN899350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF114796\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMN969148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. xishuangbannaensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCGMCC 3.28743\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotten husk of an unidentified fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina: Yunnan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV085761\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePV102731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnzyme-Producing Potential\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnzymes production capabilities of the new species \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e were assessed using standard screening assays. Twenty qualitative plate assays were conducted to evaluate the production of the following enzymes: Asparaginase, Celullase, Chitinase, Gelatinase, Inulinase, Laccase, Ligninase, Lignin peroxidase, Lipase, Manganese peroxidase, Tannase, Tyrosinase, Xylanase. Agar plate assay technique was employed for screening of asparaginase production according to Theantana et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]. The ability of \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e to produce cellulase was tested according to the method of Kasana et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e]. The method of Pasqualetti et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e] was followed for detecting Chitinase production. Screening for the production of Gelatinase and Inulinase followed the methods applied by Muslim et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e], while the production of Laccase and Tannase were tested according to D'Souza et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e] and Kumar et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e], respectively. Guaiacol supplemented agar was prepared according to D'Souza et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e] for detection of ligninase production. Media described by Atalla et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e] and Sivakami et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e] was used to screen the activity of Lignin peroxidase. For the detection of lipase production, minimal salt agar medium was prepared with olive oil as a sole carbon source, with slight modifications. The formation of a white precipitate was recorded as a positive result [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]. PDA medium containing 0.0025% phenol red (w/v) was employed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e] for manganese peroxidase production. Hydrolytic and oxidative activities of tyrosinase were screened using tyrosine screening medium, following the method described by Raval et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e]. Xylanase activity was detected according to the methods of Bailey et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/b\u003e A.E. Abdel-Aziz and M.S. Bakhit \u003cb\u003esp. nov\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMycoBank: MB861560\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTypification\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgypt, Red Sea (24\u0026deg;40'35\"N 35\u0026deg;05'14\"E \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;24\u0026deg;40'05\"N 35\u0026deg;05'34\"E), isolated from intertidal decaying wood of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e (Acanthaceae), 5 May 2015, coll. Ahmed E. Abdel-Aziz (Holotype, \u003cb\u003eSUMCC H-15029\u003c/b\u003e), ex-type living\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003eSUMCC 15014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEtymology\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003emarinus\u003c/b\u003e (Latin), referring to the sea where the species was collected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn: \u003cb\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/b\u003e sec. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e sec. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eGenBank\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eITS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003ePX683786\u003c/b\u003e, Partial LSU rDNA\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003ePX683787\u003c/b\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003ePX694710\u003c/b\u003e and \u003cem\u003erbp2\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003ePX694709\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMolecular Phylogenetic Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe concatenated ITS, LSU, \u003cem\u003eBen\u003c/em\u003eA, and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e sequence dataset encompassed 54 fungal strains (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), of which 52 belong to \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e, with \u003cem\u003eT. palmae\u003c/em\u003e (CBS 442.88) and \u003cem\u003eT. subinflatus\u003c/em\u003e (CBS 652.95) in \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e section \u003cem\u003eSubinflati\u003c/em\u003e as the outgroup. The detailed characteristics of the datasets are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;(2). The most parsimonious tree was with a tree length of 2,646 steps (CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4512, RI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7092, RC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3200, HI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5919). The ML analysis of the combined dataset yielded the best-scoring tree (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) with a final ML optimization likelihood value of -22314.031986. The matrix had 1,276 distinct patterns with 33.90% completely undetermined characters and gaps. Estimated base frequencies were A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.253631, C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.259278, G\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.235614, T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.251477; substitution rates, AC 1.477576, AG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.283453, AT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.041284, CG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.121222, CT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.154256, GT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0; gamma distribution shape parameter α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.996930. The Bayesian analysis resulted in 30,000 trees after three million generations. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies was 0.004281. The tree topology of ML, MP and BI did not show significant differences. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, LSU, \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e sequence data placed the new taxon, \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e (SUMCC 15014) in ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e within \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sect. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e but distinct from previously described species (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The new fungus formed a basal clade to a node containing \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces cystophilus\u003c/em\u003e Y.X. Mo \u0026amp; H.Y. Wu and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e X.C. Wang, L.Y. Peng, Gafforov \u0026amp; W.Y. Zhuang with significant statistical support (100/100/1.00 for ML/MP/BYPP, respectively). The single-locus datasets (ITS, \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e) were also compiled and analyzed to compare the topology and clade stability with those from the combined gene analyses, however these were not significantly different. The phylogenetic trees based on each single locus are presented in the supplemented data (Figures \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;S3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetailed characteristics of the datasets.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene fragment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequences no.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength of alignment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable sites no.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParsimony-informative sites no.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eITS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e653\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLSU\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBenA\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e530\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e254\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRPB2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e358\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConcatenated dataset\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e873\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMacromorphology FIG. A-J\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColonies on \u003cb\u003eCYA\u003c/b\u003e at 25\u0026deg;C after 7 d: 19\u0026ndash;25 mm diam., circular with regular margins, and convoluted at the center. The colony color was greenish yellow at the center and pale yellow toward the margin, while the reverse was brown in the middle and pale brown toward the margin. Exudate was present, but soluble pigment and sexual morph were absent. On \u003cb\u003eYES\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: 10\u0026ndash;16 mm diam., irregular becoming velvety by the second week, surface velutinous; mycelium yellow to white at margins; reverse pale brown; exudate present; soluble pigment present. On \u003cb\u003eMEA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 8\u0026ndash;16 mm diam., growing slowly, umbonate in central areas, depth of the colony moderate, margin entire; surface mealy; yellow and in some parts yellowish green and white toward the margins; revers pale yellow; exudate present; soluble pigment present. On \u003cb\u003eOA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 5\u0026ndash;8 mm diam, the growth is very week, flat and looks like mucilage; entire margin; pale green color; revers is yellowish green; no exudate; soluble pigment absent; sexual morph absent. On \u003cb\u003eCA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: Colonies 11\u0026ndash;18 mm diam., irregular with entire margin, raised from the media surface, sulphur yellow color with white towards the margins, white revers; exudate present, small yellow droplets; soluble pigment present. on \u003cb\u003eCMA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: There is no detectable growth, while after 22 days 3\u0026ndash;5 mm diam, yellow green color with irregular margins and reverse is yellow. On \u003cb\u003ePDA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: 18\u0026ndash;21 mm diam., floccose with entire margin, greenish at the center become yellow toward the margin, white to pale yellow reverse, exudate present; soluble pigment absent. On \u003cb\u003eCREA\u003c/b\u003e at 25 C after 7 d: there is no growth at the first week, after 14 days growing slowly and colonies about 6\u0026ndash;9 mm diam.; deep yellow color; acid production present; soluble pigment absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMicromorphology FIG. \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eK-O\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eConidiophores\u003c/b\u003e 112\u0026ndash;200 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m (\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;150 \u0026times; 2.5; n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;25), arising from aerial hyphae with long stipes, hyaline, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled to finely roughened, with slightly swollen apices, penicilli symmetrically biverticillate; \u003cb\u003eMetulae\u003c/b\u003e 8\u0026ndash;10 (\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;11) \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30); 4\u0026ndash;6 per stipe, appressed, hyaline, cylindrical; \u003cb\u003ePhialides\u003c/b\u003e 4\u0026ndash;5 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m; 3\u0026ndash;5 per metula, acerose, without long collula; \u003cb\u003eConidia\u003c/b\u003e globose to subglobose or sometimes ellipsoidal, 2\u0026ndash;2.5 x 2.2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100), hyaline, smooth. Sexual morph not observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe new species is characterized by slow growth in different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, and the shortest phialides in series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. It produces globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal smooth-walled conidia and generates acid on CREA. Additionally, it produces small yellow droplets as exudate exclusively on CA, with no colored pigment observed on any of the media tested. A clear zone around the colony is present on YES, CA, and MEA.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ePromising Enzymatic activity\u003c/b\u003e FIG. \u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA-D\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ability of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e to produce various enzymes has been studied and screened for 13 extracellular enzymes on solid media. Table\u0026nbsp;(3) summarizes the enzymatic activities of this new species. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e efficiently produces asparaginase, xylanase and cellulase, while it produces gelatinase and tannase moderately. It also shows positive results for chitinase. Conversely, it does not produce lipase, inulinase or tyrosinase, but it efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase. Therefore, further quantitative studies on its enzymatic production and other secondary metabolites are highly recommended.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQualitative enzymatic activities exhibited by \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTested enzyme\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsparaginase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCelullase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChitinase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGelatinase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInulinase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaccase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLigninase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLignin peroxidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLipase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManganese peroxidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTannase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTyrosinase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eXylanase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+++\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(+++) good production, (++) moderate production, (+) less production, (-) no production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e is a taxonomically and industrially significant group that has a substantial impact on daily life, particularly in the food industry, medical field, and biotechnology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Its impact aroused significant interest in its taxonomy. Consequently, the number of newly described \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e species has markedly increased in recent years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Through ongoing research, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e is introduced as a new species to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed the new taxon, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e in ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e within \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sect. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e and clustered with \u003cem\u003eT. cystophilus\u003c/em\u003e (as \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophila\u003c/em\u003e) and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e. The ITS, \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e phylograms also consistently show that the new taxon is closely related to \u003cem\u003eT. cystophilus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e with strong statistical support.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e collected from marine environments in Egypt, while \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e is a nematode parasite isolated (as \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophila\u003c/em\u003e) from \u003cem\u003eHeterodera zeae\u003c/em\u003e cyst in Guangxi, China [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e], and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e was identified from soil sample collected from Western Tian Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e exhibits all the diagnostic characteristics of the \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. Notably, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e has symmetrically biverticillate penicilli unlike \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e, which possesses biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate penicilli. Metulae in \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e are appressed, similar to those in \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e], whereas they are divergent in other species within ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e has the shortest phialides in this series, measuring 4\u0026ndash;5 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, distinguishing it from all other species in series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. Additionally, the number of penicilli per metula ranges from 4 to 6, differing from \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e, which is only 1 to 5 per metula [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e shares similarities and differences with other species within section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi.\u003c/em\u003e It displays restricted growth on different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, acerose phialides, and globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal smooth-walled conidia. It does not produce a teleomorph on any of the media tested, which is consistent with other species in ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColonies of \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e on MEA (8\u0026ndash;16 mm) and OA (5\u0026ndash;8 mm) are notably smaller than those of other species within the series \u003cem\u003eDiversi.\u003c/em\u003e When cultivated on YES, CA, and MEA media, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e exhibits a distinct clear zone resembling soluble pigment diffusion around the colony, distinguishing it from other species in the series. Exudate appears as small yellow droplets on CA, whereas \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ealbisclerotius\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eclemensii\u003c/em\u003e produce as small clear droplets on OA and MEA by, respectively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]. Unlike other species in the series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e, which typically grow on CREA within 7 days, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e requires approximately 14 days for visible growth and subsequently produces acid, whereas \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e do not grow on CREA [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe conidiophore of \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e is unbranched, distinguishing it from \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ealbisclerotius\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eclemensii\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, its conidiophore is smooth to finely roughened, unlike other species in ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e that have smooth walled stipes. The species most closely related to \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e are \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e with distinguishing differences summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;(4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e have been reported to produce diverse bioactive compounds, including anticancer, antimicrobial, enzymes, natural colorants, antiproliferative and antioxidative agents [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR24\" citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Enzymes produced by members of the genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e are used in various industries, including food, paper, textiles, and biomedicine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e was screened for extracellular enzymes production and was identified as promising source of multiple industrially relevant enzymes (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e have been identified as good sources of specific enzymes. For example, \u003cem\u003eT. stipitatus\u003c/em\u003e produces feruloyl esterases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e], \u003cem\u003eT. flavus\u003c/em\u003e produces a thermophilic glucoamylase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e], and \u003cem\u003eT. versatilis\u003c/em\u003e strain PF8 produces endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase (3-(1\u0026ndash;3;1\u0026ndash;4)-β-d-glucan 3(4)-glucanohydrolase enzyme [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marneffei\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etrachyspermus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ebarcinensis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eucrainicus\u003c/em\u003e have been found capable of producing cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces emersonii\u003c/em\u003e has also been shown to produce a broad range of enzymatic activities relevant to the hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e]. M Pasqualetti, P Barghini, V Giovannini and M Fenice [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e] reported that only 11 out of 28 (39%) of the studied fungal strains could degrade chitin. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase and chitinase, that may be utilized in the synthesis of high-value chitin derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) or in the degradation of chitin-rich materials such as leftovers from the shrimp or crab industries. It was also found to produce a lot amount of xylanase like \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces amestolkiae\u003c/em\u003e [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e], making it a promising source of xylanase for the paper industry.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-asparaginase derived from marine sources presents a prospective avenue for clinical and food application due to its unique architectures, reduced molecular weights, and strong substrate selectivity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e]. Asparaginase is produced by a wide range of microorganisms, including fungi, produce asparaginase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e]. Theantana et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e] isolated fifteen asparaginase-producing fungal strains, one of which was \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sp.. The new species, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e, demonstrates a strong capacity to produce the asparaginase enzyme, making it a promising source of L-asparaginase.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaccase offers significant advantages in environmental applications due to its natural secretion and high stability outside of cells. DT D'Souza, R Tiwari, AK Sah and C Raghukumar [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e] were the first to report a marine fungus that produce considerable amounts of laccase when cultivated in a saltwater medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. Among forty fungi isolated from decomposing mangrove wood, three exhibited positive laccase activity when grown with guaiacol [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. Laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase lack substrate specificity, enabling the producer to degrade lignin and a variety of other xenobiotics, including industrial-colored wastewaters [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e does not produce lipase but efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, making it a valuable source of these enzymes for various industries. Upon screening more than 400 strains of marine yeast from diverse marine environments, only a few strains were able to release significant amounts of inulinase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e], similarly, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e showed no activity in Inulinase production. However, it possesses moderate capacity to produce tannase and gelatinase.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols into o-quinones and the orthohydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e]. Among twenty fungal isolates tested for tyrosinase activity, only two produced the enzyme [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e was unable to synthesize tyrosinase enzyme.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e has shown promising preliminary results in producing various enzymes, making it a clean and renewable source for these enzymes in different industries. However, further quantitative studies are needed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphological comparison between \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e and their closely related species under sec. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"15\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003especies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColonies diam at 25 C, 7 d (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExudate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoluble\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epigment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConidiophore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetulae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhialide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConidia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual morph\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCYA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYES\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePDA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCREA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. albisclerotius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSun et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u0026ndash;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo growth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent, Except on OA present\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u0026ndash;130 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, biverticillate, minor proportion having subterminal branches; stipes smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026ndash;11 \u0026times; 4\u0026ndash;4.5 \u0026micro;m, 3\u0026ndash;5 per stipe, divergent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u0026ndash;11 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;5 \u0026micro;m, 4\u0026ndash;6 per metulae, acerose,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;4.5\u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, subglobose to fusiform, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent, white sclerotia present on OA after 1 wk.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. clemensii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrous et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u0026ndash;520 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, biverticillate, sometimes subterminal branched;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStipes smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5\u0026ndash;13 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, 4\u0026ndash;8 per stipe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;12 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, 4\u0026ndash;6 per metula, acerose.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026micro;m, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. cystophilus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMo et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash; 26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u0026ndash; 33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn YES light-yellow droplets, on OA clear droplets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u0026ndash;200 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, biverticillate, stipes smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u0026ndash;13 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, 4\u0026ndash;8 per stipe, appressed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;12 \u0026times; 1.5\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026micro;m, 1\u0026ndash;4 per metula, acerose.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026ndash;3.0 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. diversus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSamson et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter twelve to fourteen days\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u0026ndash;300 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026micro;m, symmetrical biverticillate, stipes smooth,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u0026ndash;11 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026micro;m, 5\u0026ndash;7 per stipe,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 1.8\u0026ndash;2.2 \u0026micro;m, 6\u0026ndash;8 per stipe, compact clusters.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026times; 1.5\u0026ndash;2 \u0026micro;m, elliptical to subglobose or broadly elliptical, smooth or delicately roughened.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphological comparison between \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e and their closely related species under sec. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e\u0026ldquo;Continued\u0026rdquo;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"15\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003especies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColonies diam at 25 C, 7 d (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExudate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoluble\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epigment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConidiophore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetulae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhialide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConidia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual morph\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCYA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYES\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePDA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCREA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cb\u003emarinus\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis study\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u0026ndash;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u0026ndash;8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo growth in the first 7 days,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter 14 days 6\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent, Except small yellow droplets on CA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClear zone around the colony on YES, CA and MEA.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u0026ndash;200 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, hyaline, septate, unbranched, smooth-walled to finely roughened, penicilli mostly symmetrically biverticillate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, 4\u0026ndash;6 per stipe, appressed, hyaline, cylindrical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;5 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m; 3\u0026ndash;5 per metulae, acerose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026times; 2.2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, subglobose to ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. peaticola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJQ Tian, YF Wang and JZ Sun [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026ndash;6.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7\u0026ndash;24.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026ndash;12.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026ndash;3.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall clear droplets on MEA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u0026ndash;200 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;4 \u0026micro;m, biverticillate, stipes smooth-walled.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026ndash;11.5 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m, 3\u0026ndash;8 per stipe, divergent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026ndash;13.5 \u0026times; 1.5-2.0 \u0026micro;m, acerose,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026times; 1.5\u0026ndash;2.0 \u0026micro;m, globose to subglobose, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eT. tianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLY Peng, XC Wang, Y Gafforov and WY Zhuang [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u0026ndash;210 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3.5 \u0026micro;m, irregularly biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003estipes smooth-walled.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u0026ndash;13 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;3.5 \u0026micro;m, 2\u0026ndash;6 per stipe.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026ndash;12 \u0026times; 2.0\u0026ndash;3.0 \u0026micro;m, 1\u0026ndash;5 per metula, ampulliform\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eto acerose, tapering into very thin neck.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026ndash;2.5 \u0026times; 1.7\u0026ndash;2.0 \u0026micro;m, subglobose to ellipsoidal, smooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eA new marine fungal species \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e is introduced to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. It is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e collected from the Red Sea in Egypt. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed the new taxon in \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e sect. \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e and clustered with \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e (as \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophila\u003c/em\u003e) and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e. Morphologically, \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e exhibits all the diagnostic characteristics of the \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. While \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e is distinguished from other species under series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e by the shortest phialides 4\u0026ndash;5 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;3 \u0026micro;m and smooth to finely roughened conidiophore. It also showed differences from the closest species \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e is a saprophytic species isolated from intertidal decaying wood of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e collected from marine environments in Egypt, while \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e is a nematode parasite isolated from \u003cem\u003eHeterodera zeae\u003c/em\u003e cyst in Guangxi, China, and \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e was identified from soil sample collected from Western Tian Shan Mountains in Uzbekistan. Notably, \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e has symmetrically biverticillate penicilli unlike \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e, which possesses biverticillate, terverticillate or quaterverticillate penicilli. Additionally, the number of penicilli per metula ranges from 4 to 6, differing from \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003etianshanicus\u003c/em\u003e, which is only 1 to 5 per metula. Metulae in \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003emarinus\u003c/em\u003e are appressed, similar to those in \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003ecystophilus\u003c/em\u003e, whereas they are divergent in other species within ser. \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e. Qualitative enzymatic capabilities of \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e were studied and revealed that it has the ability to produce cellulase and chitinase, that may be utilized in the synthesis of high-value chitin derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) or in the degradation of chitin-rich materials such as leftovers from the shrimp or crab industries. It also demonstrates a strong capacity to produce the asparaginase enzyme, making it a promising source of L-asparaginase. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e does not produce lipase, inulinase or tyrosinase but efficiently generates laccase, ligninase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, making it a valuable source of these enzymes for various industries. The promising capabilities of \u003cem\u003eT. marinus\u003c/em\u003e to produce various enzymes, making it a clean and renewable source for these enzymes in different industries. However, further quantitative studies are needed.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAuthor statement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe hereby declare that this manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors confirm that they have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. We further confirm that all individuals who meet the criteria for authorship are included as authors, and that no qualified contributors have been omitted. The order of authors has been mutually agreed upon by all authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe acknowledge that the corresponding author is the sole point of contact for the editorial process and is responsible for all communications with the co-authors regarding submission, revisions, and final approval of the proofs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthics approval\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any experiments with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All decaying woody samples were collected from public land and the methods used in this study followed the relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation, and no living plant parts were collected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll authors participated in, read and approved the final version of the article before publication.\u003c/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDeclaration of Competing Interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this work.\u003c/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor(s) confirm that no external funding was provided by any organization or institute for this work. Open access funding is provided by The Science, Technology \u0026amp; Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e**Ahmed Elbadry Abdel Aziz** :\u0026nbsp;Writing original draft \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing, Validation, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. **Enas Mahmoud Amer** :\u0026nbsp;Writing \u0026ndash; editing, Investigation, Validation, Conceptualization. **Mahmoud Saadeldin Bakhit** :\u0026nbsp;Writing \u0026ndash; review \u0026amp; editing, Investigation, Phylogenetic analysis, Visualization, Validation, Conceptualization..\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe acknowledged Prof. Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab for his guidance, advice and help in DNA isolation and sequencing. Dr. Ahmed Elkord, Associate professor of plant taxonomy was also acknowledged for his help in the identification of plant specimen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ITS region, LSU, *BenA* , and *rpb2* gene sequences of *Talaromyces marinus* have been deposited at Gen-Bank under the accession numbers PX683786, PX683787, PX694710, and PX694709.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBenjamin CR. Ascocarps of \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e. Mycologia. 1955;47(5):669\u0026ndash;87.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYilmaz N, Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e. Stud Mycol. 2014;78:175\u0026ndash;341.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamson RA, Yilmaz N, Houbraken J, Spierenburg H, Seifert KA, Peterson SW, et al. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e and taxa accommodated in \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e subgenus \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e. Stud Mycol. 2011;70(1):159\u0026ndash;83.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePitt J. The genus Penicillium and its teleomorphic states \u003cem\u003eEupenicillium\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e. London Academic Press Inc. Ltd.; 1979.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBerbee ML, Yoshimura A, Sugiyama J, Taylor JW. Is \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e monophyletic? An evaluation of phylogeny in the family Trichocomaceae from 18S, 5.8S and ITS ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycologia. 1995;87(2):210\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMalloch D. Trichocomaceae: relationships with other ascomycetes. Pp. 365\u0026ndash;382. In: Advances in \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e systematics. Eds., R. A. Samson, and j. I. Pitt. Plenum Press, New York. Plenum Press, New York; 1985.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHoubraken J, Kocsube S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, et al. Classification of \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Stud Mycol. 2020;95:5\u0026ndash;169.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHoubraken J, Samson RA. Phylogeny of \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families. Stud Mycol. 2011;70(1):1\u0026ndash;51.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVisagie CM, Houbraken J, Overy DP, Sklen\u0026aacute;ř F, Bensch K, Frisvad JC, et al. From chaos to tranquillity: a modern approach to the identification, nomenclature and phylogeny of \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e and other Eurotiales, including an updated accepted species list. Studies in Mycology; 2025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSun BD, Chen AJ, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Wu WP, Wei HL, et al. New section and species in \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e. MycoKeys. 2020;68:75\u0026ndash;113.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen AJ, Sun BD, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Yilmaz N, Zhou YG, et al. New \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e species from indoor environments in China. Stud Mycol. 2016;84:119\u0026ndash;44.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZang W, Li M, Sun J, Gao C, Wang L. Two New Species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e Sect. Trachyspermi Discovered China Mycopathologia. 2023;188(5):793\u0026ndash;804.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang X-C, Chen KAI, Xia Y-W, Wang L, Li T-H, Zhuang W-Y. A new species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e (Trichocomaceae) from the Xisha Islands, Hainan, China. Phytotaxa. 2016;267(3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVisagie CM, Yilmaz N, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Seifert KA, Samson RA, et al. Five new \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e species with ampulliform-like phialides and globose rough walled conidia resembling \u003cem\u003eT\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003everruculosus\u003c/em\u003e. Mycoscience. 2015;56(5):486\u0026ndash;502.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYaguchi T, Someya A, Udagawa S. A reappraisal of intrageneric classification of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e based on the ubiquinone systems. Mycoscience. 1996;37:55\u0026ndash;60.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeng LY, Wang XC, Gafforov Y, Zhuang WY. Seven New Series and Four New Species in Sections \u003cem\u003eSubinflati\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales). J Fungi (Basel). 2025;11(7).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYilmaz N, Houbraken J, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Visagie CM, Samson RA. Delimitation and characterisation of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces purpurogenus\u003c/em\u003e and related species. Persoonia. 2012;29:39\u0026ndash;54.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuevara-Suarez M, Sutton DA, Gene J, Garcia D, Wiederhold N, Guarro J, et al. Four new species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e from clinical sources. Mycoses. 2017;60(10):651\u0026ndash;62.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhai MM, Li J, Jiang CX, Shi YP, Di DL, Crews P, et al. The Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e species. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2016;6(1):1\u0026ndash;24.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNicoletti R, Salvatore MM, Andolfi A. Secondary Metabolites of Mangrove-Associated Strains of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXu Y, Feng X, Jia J, Chen X, Jiang T, Rasool A, et al. A Novel beta-Glucuronidase from Talaromyces pinophilus Li-93 Precisely Hydrolyzes Glycyrrhizin into Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3-O-Mono-beta-d-Glucuronide. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018;84:19.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdel-Rahim IR, Abo-Elyousr KAM. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces pinophilus\u003c/em\u003e strain AUN-1 as a novel mycoparasite of \u003cem\u003eBotrytis cinerea\u003c/em\u003e, the pathogen of onion scape and umbel blights. Microbiol Res. 2018;212\u0026ndash;213:1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAntonopoulou I, Iancu L, Jutten P, Piechot A, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Screening of novel feruloyl esterases from \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces wortmannii\u003c/em\u003e for the development of efficient and sustainable syntheses of feruloyl derivatives. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019;120:124\u0026ndash;35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLian W, Wang W, Tan CP, Wang J, Wang Y. Immobilized \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces thermophilus\u003c/em\u003e lipase as an efficient catalyst for the production of LML-type structured lipids. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2019;42(2):321\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKumari M, Taritla S, Sharma A, Jayabaskaran C. Antiproliferative and Antioxidative Bioactive Compounds in Extracts of Marine-Derived Endophytic Fungus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces purpureogenus\u003c/em\u003e. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1777.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim MJ, Shim CK, Kim YK, Hong SJ, Park JH, Han EJ, et al. Enhancement of Seed Dehiscence by Seed Treatment with \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces flavus\u003c/em\u003e GG01 and GG04 in Ginseng (Panax ginseng). Plant Pathol J. 2017;33(1):1\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFrisvad JC, Yilmaz N, Thrane U, Rasmussen KB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces atroroseus\u003c/em\u003e, a new species efficiently producing industrially relevant red pigments. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e84102.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZaccarim BR, de Oliveira F, Passarini MRZ, Duarte AWF, Sette LD, Jozala AF, et al. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces amestolkiae\u003c/em\u003e from amazon: A producer of natural colorants. Biotechnol Prog. 2019;35(1):e2684.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdel-Azeem AM. Fungi of Egypt. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.fungiofegypt.com/eol.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.fungiofegypt.com/eol.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2014). Accessed 14 November 2025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Jones EBG, Elgorban AM, Abdel-Aziz FA, Hodhod MS et al. Two new species of \u003cem\u003eKallichroma\u003c/em\u003e (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Saudi Arabian mangroves. Phytotaxa. 2016;260(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVisagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Hong SB, Klaassen CH, Perrone G, et al. Identification and nomenclature of the genus \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e. Stud Mycol. 2014;78:343\u0026ndash;71.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFrisvad JC. Physiological Criteria and Mycotoxin Production as Aids in Identification of Common Asymmetric Penicillia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981;41(3):568\u0026ndash;79.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRayner RW. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute \u0026amp; British Mycological Society, UK.; 1970.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBakhit MS, Abdel-Aziz AE, Mahmoud AF, Abdel-Aziz FA. \u003cem\u003eMurispora purpurea\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov., and the aeroaquatic fungus \u003cem\u003eBrocchiosphaera microspora\u003c/em\u003e from freshwater habitats in Egypt. Sydowia. 2024;76:149.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 38 - Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR Protocols. San Diego: Academic; 1990. pp. 315\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVilgalys R, Hester M. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several \u003cem\u003eCryptococcus\u003c/em\u003e species. J Bacteriol. 1990;172(8):4238\u0026ndash;46.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGlass NL, Donaldson GC. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995;61(4):1323\u0026ndash;30.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu YJ, Whelen S, Hall BD. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Mol Biol Evol. 1999;16(12):1799\u0026ndash;808.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdel-Wahab MA, Nagahama T, Abdel-Aziz FA. Two new \u003cem\u003eCorollospora\u003c/em\u003e species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data. Mycoscience. 2009;50(3):147\u0026ndash;55.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVisagie CM, Yilmaz N, Kocsub\u0026eacute; S, Frisvad JC, Hubka V, Samson RA, et al. A review of recently introduced \u003cem\u003eAspergillus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e and other Eurotiales species. Stud Mycol. 2024;107:1\u0026ndash;66.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkubo A, Itagaki T, Hirose D. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces mellisjaponici\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov., a xerophilic species isolated from honey in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2024;74(1).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThompson JD, Toby JG, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL X Windows Interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25(24):4876\u0026ndash;82.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSwofford DL. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods)*. Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates; 2003.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEdler D, Klein J, Antonelli A, Silvestro D. raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods Ecol Evol. 2021;12(2):373\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRonquist F, Huelsenbeck JP. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2003;19(12):1572\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBakhit MS, Abdel-Wahab MA. \u003cem\u003eParaloratospora edkuensis\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Phaeosphaeriaceae) from the brackish Lake Edku, Egypt. Botanica Marina. 2025;68(2):143\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;53.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePerri\u0026egrave;re G, Gouy M. WWW-query: an on-line retrieval system for biological sequence banks. Biochimie. 1996;78(5):364\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTheantana T, Hyde KD, Lumyong S. Asparaginase production by endophytic fungi from Thai medicinal plants: cytotoxicity properties. Int J Integr Biology. 2009;7(1):1\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKasana RC, Salwan R, Dhar H, Dutt S, Gulati A. A rapid and easy method for the detection of microbial cellulases on agar plates using Gram\u0026rsquo;s iodine. Curr Microbiol. 2008;57(5):503\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePasqualetti M, Barghini P, Giovannini V, Fenice M. High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of \u003cem\u003eClonostachys rosea\u003c/em\u003e. Molecules. 2019;24(10):1880.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuslim SN, Ali ANM, Salman IMA, AL_Kadmy IM, Muslim SN. Detection of the optimal conditions for inulinase productivity and activity by \u003cem\u003eAcinetobacter baumannii\u003c/em\u003e isolated from agricultural rhizosphere soil. Biolog Sci(IJACEBS). 2015;2:1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eD'Souza DT, Tiwari R, Sah AK, Raghukumar C. Enhanced production of laccase by a marine fungus during treatment of colored effluents and synthetic dyes. Enzym Microb Technol. 2006;38(3\u0026ndash;4):504\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKumar R, Kumar A, Nagpal R, Sharma J, Kumari A. A novel and sensitive plate assay for screening of tannase-producing bacteria. Ann Microbiol. 2010;60(1):177\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtalla MM, Zeinab HK, Eman RH, Amani AY, Abeer A. Screening of some marine-derived fungal isolates for lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs) production. Agric Biology J North Am. 2010;1(4):591\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSivakami V, Ramachandran B, Srivathsan J, Kesavaperumal G, Benila Smily BS, Kumar DM. Production and optimization of laccase and lignin peroxidase by newly isolated Pleurotus ostreatus LIG 19. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res. 2012;2(6):875\u0026ndash;81.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLanka S, Trinkle T. Screening and Isolation of Lipase Producing Fungi from Marine Water Obtained from Machilipatnam Costal Region. Int J pharmacognosy phytochemical Res. 2017;9(7):928\u0026ndash;32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAli MIA, Khalil NM, Abd El-Ghany MN. Biodegradation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by \u003cem\u003eAspergillus terreus\u003c/em\u003e. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2012;6(16):3783\u0026ndash;90.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaval KM, Vaswani PS, Majumder D. Biotransformation of a single amino-acid L-tyrosine into a bioactive molecule L-DOPA. Int J Sci Res. 2012;2:2250\u0026ndash;3153.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBailey MJ, Biely P, Poutanen K. Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. J Biotechnol. 1992;23(3):257\u0026ndash;70.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMo YX, Kan YZ, Jia LM, Cao XT, Sikandar A, Wu HY. Characterization and Effect of a Nematophagous Fungus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces cystophila\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. for the Biological Control of Corn Cyst Nematode. Phytopathology. 2024;114(3):618\u0026ndash;29.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCrous PW, Wingfield MJ, Lombard L, Roets F, Swart WJ, Alvarado P et al. Fungal Planet description sheets: 951\u0026ndash;1041. Persoonia. 2019;43:223\u0026ndash;425.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEl-Gendi H, Saleh AK, Badierah R, Redwan EM, El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM. A Comprehensive Insight into Fungal Enzymes: Structure, Classification, and Their Role in Mankind\u0026rsquo;s Challenges. J Fungi. 2022;8(1):23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarcia-Conesa MT, Crepin VF, Goldson AJ, Williamson G, Cummings NJ, Connerton IF, et al. The feruloyl esterase system of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces stipitatus\u003c/em\u003e: production of three discrete feruloyl esterases, including a novel enzyme, TsFaeC, with a broad substrate specificity. J Biotechnol. 2004;108(3):227\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHang YD, Woodams EE. Thermophilic glucoamylase from \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces flavus\u003c/em\u003e. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1993;17(4):156\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZorn H, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Catania F, Gadermaier G, Greiner R, et al. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase from the non-genetically modified \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces versatilis\u003c/em\u003e strain PF8. EFSA J. 2024;22(10):e9033.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElsababty Z, Ali MA, Houbraken J. Cellulolytic and Pectinolytic Enzymes of Some Selected Heat Resistant Fungi. J Microbiol Exper. 2015;2(2):66\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTangthirasunun N, Bhat DJ, Poeaim S. Antibacterial and lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activities of coprophilous fungi obtained from cow dung in Thailand. Asian J Agric Biology. 2024;4:2023323. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp:/doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.323\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.35495/ajab.2023.323\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFernandes S, Murray PG, Tuohy MG. Enzyme systems from the thermophilic fungus \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces emersonii\u003c/em\u003e for sugar beet bioconversion. Bio Res. 2008;3(3):898\u0026ndash;909.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBarbieri GS, Bento HBS, de Oliveira F, Picheli FP, Dias LM, Masarin F et al. Xylanase Production by \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces amestolkiae\u003c/em\u003e Valuing Agroindustrial Byproducts. BioTech. 2022;11(2):15.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSun Z, Qin R, Li D, Ji K, Wang T, Cui Z, et al. A novel bacterial type II l-asparaginase and evaluation of its enzymatic acrylamide reduction in French fries. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;92:232\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSarquis MI, Oliveira EM, Santos AS, Costa GL. Production of L-asparaginase by filamentous fungi. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004;99(5):489\u0026ndash;92.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGao L, Chi Z, Sheng J, Wang L, Li J, Gong F. Inulinase-producing Marine Yeasts: Evaluation of their Diversity and Inulin Hydrolysis by Their Crude Enzymes. Microb Ecol. 2007;54(4):722\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdeyemi O, Oginni O, Osubor CC, Adeyemi O, Oloyede OB, Oladiji AT, et al. Effect of water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane on Clarias gariepinus\u0026rsquo; cellular system. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009;47(8):1941\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRoy S, Das I, Munjal M, Karthik L, Kumar G, Kumar S, et al. Isolation and characterization of tyrosinase produced by marine actinobacteria and its application in the removal of phenol from aqueous environment. Front Biology. 2014;9(4):306\u0026ndash;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTian JQ, Wang YF, Sun JZ. \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces peaticola\u003c/em\u003e (Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales), a new species from the Zoige wetlands, China. Stud Fungi. 2021;6(1):391\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-microbiology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mcro","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Microbiology](http://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/mcro","title":"BMC Microbiology","twitterHandle":"#bmcmicrobiology","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Eurotiomycetes, saprobic, intertidal fungi, mangrove, molecular phylogeny","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e is a large and taxonomically important genus within Ascomycota, established to accommodate the teleomorphs of certain \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e species and now recognized as a monophyletic lineage distinct from \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e. Multigene analyses demonstrated that species formerly placed in \u003cem\u003ePenicillium\u003c/em\u003e subgenus \u003cem\u003eBiverticillium\u003c/em\u003e belong within \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e, leading to their reclassification under the single-name nomenclature system. Currently, the genus comprises 237 species arranged into nine sections supported by multilocus phylogeny. Species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e are cosmopolitan, occurring in diverse habitats and substrates. It is notable for their medical, industrial, and ecological significance. In Egypt, several species of \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e have been reported from a variety of substrates, highlighting the regional diversity and ecological relevance of the genus.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA new marine taxon, \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e is recorded from decaying woody samples of \u003cem\u003eAvicennia marina\u003c/em\u003e, collected from Wadi El-Jimal area, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. Multi-locus analyses of the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacers of rDNA), LSU (nuclear large subunit rDNA), \u003cem\u003eBenA\u003c/em\u003e (β-tubulin), and \u003cem\u003eRPB2\u003c/em\u003e (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit) sequences dataset placed the new species within \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces\u003c/em\u003e section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e but distinct from previously described species. The new taxon is characterized by restricted growth on different media, long stipes, biverticillate penicilli, the shortest acerose phialides in series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e, globose to subglobose or ellipsoidal, smooth-walled conidia, acid production, and soluble pigments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTalaromyces marinus\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. is described, illustrated, phylogenetically analyzed, and its enzymatic potential is evaluated, it also compared with other species in the section \u003cem\u003eTrachyspermi\u003c/em\u003e series \u003cem\u003eDiversi\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Talaromyces marinus (Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae): A new marine fungus from the Red Sea, Egypt, with distinguished enzymatic capabilities","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-19 17:40:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462966/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-16T05:28:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"253565936620524941316957490243477876619","date":"2026-04-04T03:50:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T08:21:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9608303868622281383984055815778723456","date":"2026-04-02T08:07:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"125716836674445288843489184785911650269","date":"2026-04-02T01:52:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-11T16:38:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"160489059158143688567005322390575708359","date":"2026-03-01T05:13:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-26T20:43:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"307233094838841787391829273148880299356","date":"2026-02-24T16:48:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-17T09:21:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T10:00:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-31T06:19:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-31T06:11:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Microbiology","date":"2025-12-31T06:05:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-microbiology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mcro","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Microbiology](http://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/mcro","title":"BMC Microbiology","twitterHandle":"#bmcmicrobiology","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0a9fc540-df01-432d-b558-2eb1735732b5","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-22T20:38:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-19 17:40:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8462966","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8462966","identity":"rs-8462966","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}