Tuning Magneto-Transport in YBCO via Inclusion of Gallium Oxide Nanorods

Tuning Magneto-Transport in YBCO via Inclusion of Gallium Oxide Nanorods | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Tuning Magneto-Transport in YBCO via Inclusion of Gallium Oxide Nanorods Sandeep Kumar, Rajni Kandari, Neeraj Khare This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The magneto-transport properties of Ga 2 O 3 nanorod-added YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) are investigated using a series of nanocomposites, YBCO-x.Ga 2 O 3 (x = 0–0.5 wt%). Inclusion of Ga 2 O 3 nanorods is observed to reduce the superconducting transition width ( \(\:{\Delta\:}T\) ), indicating enhanced grain connectivity in nanocomposite samples than in pristine YBCO. Furthermore, Arrhenius plots show that the Ga 2 O 3 nanorods incorporation leads to an increase in the activation energy ( U 0 ) associated with vortex motion, boosting the flux-pinning ability in the nanocomposite samples. Ginzburg-Landau fitting shows that the upper critical field at 0 K ( H c2 (0) ) increases upto 231 T for the nanocomposite samples as compared to ~ 178 T for pure YBCO. Furthermore, the field dependence of U 0 indicates that the pinning mechanism remains unchanged, implying that the observed enhancement in superconducting properties originates from defect structures introduced by Ga 2 O 3 nanorods, which act as effective flux-pinning centers. Activation energy vortex motion upper critical field high temperature superconductor Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 10 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9368542","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":625845626,"identity":"aa18317a-2116-4edb-9de2-52c88a2cf2f2","order_by":0,"name":"Sandeep Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sandeep","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":625845628,"identity":"de423e49-b14f-4d2f-9998-4a16f73e0af9","order_by":1,"name":"Rajni Kandari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rajni","middleName":"","lastName":"Kandari","suffix":""},{"id":625845629,"identity":"5d9b678a-09bd-44bf-8c1e-e043567fcceb","order_by":2,"name":"Neeraj Khare","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neeraj","middleName":"","lastName":"Khare","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-09 12:24:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107705191,"identity":"c3b439e9-82d0-46df-93ce-28d6e6976fa6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 09:09:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1766047,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9368542/v1_covered_2dec75c1-d44b-4619-a014-a059cde92fc2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Tuning Magneto-Transport in YBCO via Inclusion of Gallium Oxide Nanorods","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Activation energy, vortex motion, upper critical field, high temperature superconductor","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe magneto-transport properties of Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e nanorod-added YBa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u0026minus;δ\u003c/sub\u003e(YBCO) are investigated using a series of nanocomposites, YBCO-x.Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0\u0026ndash;0.5 wt%). Inclusion of Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods is observed to reduce the superconducting transition width (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\Delta\\:}T\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), indicating enhanced grain connectivity in nanocomposite samples than in pristine YBCO. Furthermore, Arrhenius plots show that the Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods incorporation leads to an increase in the activation energy (\u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) associated with vortex motion, boosting the flux-pinning ability in the nanocomposite samples. Ginzburg-Landau fitting shows that the upper critical field at 0 K (\u003cem\u003eH\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ec2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003e(0)\u003c/em\u003e) increases upto 231 T for the nanocomposite samples as compared to ~\u0026thinsp;178 T for pure YBCO. Furthermore, the field dependence of \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e indicates that the pinning mechanism remains unchanged, implying that the observed enhancement in superconducting properties originates from defect structures introduced by Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e nanorods, which act as effective flux-pinning centers.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Tuning Magneto-Transport in YBCO via Inclusion of Gallium Oxide Nanorods","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-22 08:50:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9368542/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-02T16:54:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-02T12:59:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T06:04:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-25T14:02:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"304357192811376729177283001967177584612","date":"2026-04-15T05:16:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9975899644390051694416861838564831613","date":"2026-04-15T04:23:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"118160650867785261358077444095000598658","date":"2026-04-14T17:17:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-14T16:42:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T11:00:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T10:59:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","date":"2026-04-09T12:11:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"93c82e8e-de38-49ff-9e64-9230ee5656c7","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 22nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-02T16:54:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-02T12:59:25+00:00","index":25,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T06:04:02+00:00","index":24,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-02T17:08:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-22 08:50:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9368542","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9368542","identity":"rs-9368542","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}