Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study Nasimul Ghani Usmani, Pradip Chandra, Tamanna Hassan, Sourav Chandra Debnath, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5089981/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Inadequate knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on dengue fever (DF) can substantially affect vulnerable people like Bangladeshi university students because of their living status. However, it has never been explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of KAP regarding DF among university students of Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024 among 671 university students through convenient sampling. All statistical analysis was performed at 0.05 α level and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was checked to certain the Goodness of fit of the logistic regression models. Results 30.4% of university students had good knowledge on DF and 35.9% had good practice on DF in spite of having higher attitude level (72.28%). Knowledge (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.5) and attitude (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.5) were positively associated among participants who had dengue related subjects. Participants who faced dengue cases among their family members (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.4) had significant level of preventive practices. Conclusions Overall knowledge and practice level were poor among university students. Awareness regarding dengue fever should be created among university students. In addition, knowledge and attitude should be converted to preventive practices among these vulnerable groups. General Practice Dengue fever University students Bangladesh Knowledge Attitude and Practice KAP Introduction Half of the global population stands at risk of dengue infection and the other half remains in dengue-endemic countries. The world witnesses more than five million dengue infection reported from World Health Organization (WHO) regions in 2019, which is about tenfold higher compared to that in 2000 (Giang et al., 2021 ). In 2023, a historic high of dengue cases was recorded, affecting over 80 countries across all WHO regions. The ongoing transmission, coupled with an unexpected spike in cases since the beginning of 2023, led to over 6.5 million reported cases and more than 7,300 dengue-related deaths (Organization, 2024 ). Being a global infection, dengue virus (DENV) is endemically present mainly in Latin America and Caribbean countries as well as countries in South Asia where Asia carries 70% of the disease burden. Due to multiple risk factors like rapid and unplanned urbanization, global warming, and prolonged rainy season promoted dengue outbreaks in recent years in Bangladesh. Additionally, household hazards contribute to producing an increased number of Aedes mosquitoes, Bangladesh has been experiencing successive major dengue outbreaks in recent years (Bonna, Pavel, Mehjabin, & Ali, 2023 ; M. S. Hossain, Noman, Mamun, & Mosabbir, 2023 ). There has been a serious endemic of DENV during 2019. After a heterogeneous pause, another severe outbreak of DENV was reported in some Asian countries in 2023 (Akbar et al., 2023 ). In 2023, the number of cases in Bangladesh had surged to 308,167, a significant rise from the 62,382 cases reported for the whole of 2022. During the same period, the death toll in Bangladesh increased from 281 (CFR 0.45%) to 1,598 (CFR 0.52%) (Organization, 2023 ). The increase in mosquito-borne diseases is highly anthropogenic and connected to global climate change, involving high temperatures or rainfall that affects mosquito bionomics (Fouque & Reeder, 2019 ). However, simple human intervention and behavioural changes can reduce the incidence of dengue patients significantly (Anand, Kumar, Saini, Meena, & Ingle, 2014 ). On the other hand, education and knowledge regarding mosquito control can lead to improved attitudes of citizens and help them to adopt protective practices (M. A. B. Siddique, Ovi, Ahammed, Chowdhury, & Uddin, 2022 ). Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) is an important cognitive key in public health regarding health prevention and promotion. It involves a range of beliefs about the causes of the disease and exacerbating factors, identification of symptoms, and available methods of treatments and consequences (Ferdous et al., 2020 ). University environment is one in which students not only receive education, but also develop personally and socially. This development has a great influence on students during their time at university and also during the rest of their lives, affecting the choices they will make, their values and priorities, their jobs, homes, and communities (García-Álvarez & Faubel, 2020 ). University students, whether in the healthcare field or not, are an important subgroup of the population whose decisions could impact transmission trends in the future (Abu-Humaidan et al., 2022 ). In 2023, distribution of dengue fever was detected mostly among the age-group of 21–25 years (30,415 cases) and 26–30 (26,492 cases) years old (Akbar et al., 2023 ) where almost all university students fall in these age group category (Arafat et al., 2022 ; Sultana, Mahumud, Sarker, & Hossain, 2016 ). Moreover, most university students live in dormitory or in-house rent are vital source of dengue virus transmission as they move across the country for educational or family purposes. University students are a critical group of learners as they have access to authentic knowledge. The authority can easily reach them through universities or different social and digital media platform (Rahman, Sakib, et al., 2023 ). If these students bear enough knowledge and positive attitudes, they can transfer it to their community. In collaboration with university students, the community can then translate knowledge and attitudes on DF into preventative practices (Rahman, Tanni, et al., 2023 ). A number of studies was conducted in Bangladesh regarding the KAP on dengue fever and mosquito control. Most of these studies were carried out in communities or students of a specific areas, such as hilly tracts or city areas (Hamid, 2023 ; Rahman, Tanni, et al., 2023 ), hospitals (Abir et al., 2021 ). However, no study has been conducted assessing the KAP level among university students in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among university students and influencing factors of good knowledge, good attitude and good practice. The outcome of our study can assist the government and non-governmental organizations, university authorities, and health and social workers in fostering holistic DF preparedness and response for university students of the city, which can ultimately contribute to reducing the DF outbreak across the country. It can also be integrated into the strategic plan to control infectious disease outbreaks, a fundamental issue for the national and international community. Methods Study design, area, and participant A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2023 to January 2024 among these university students. This cross-sectional study utilized a self-reported online survey to evaluate dengue responses through a KAP study among university students in Bangladesh. (Data collection universities are included in Online Resource 01.) Sampling method According to the Bangladesh Education Statistics, 2022 there are about 164 (public, private and international) educational institutions where total number of students were 1,034,320 ((BANBEIS), 2022). Participants were recruited using a non-probability sampling method through convenience sampling technique. Sample size The sample size was calculated using the following formula: n = z 2 pq/d 2 , $$\:n=\frac{{z}^{2}pq}{{d}^{2}};n=\frac{{1.96}^{2}\:x\:0.68\:x\:(1-0.68)}{{0.05}^{2}}=334.37\:\approx\:335$$ here, n = total number of samples, z = the statistic that corresponds to the level of confidence = 1.96 (95% confidence level), p = a measure of expected prevalence, 68.32%, as there is a previous study in Bangladesh conducted among university students residing in Dhaka city (Rahman et al., 2022 ), q = (1-p), d = precession of the prevalence estimate (10% of 0.5) then the sample size was calculated as 335 subjects. A 10% non-response rate was taken into account while determining the optimal sample size of 370. However, to improve the external validity and generalizability of the research, 671 samples were taken than our estimated number (Cavana, Delahaye, & Sekeran, 2001 ). Data collection tools and measurement The structured questionnaire (in both native Bengali and English language) was developed in Google form after conducting literature reviews, adopted from previous studies (Hamid, 2023 ; Phuyal et al., 2022 ; Rahman et al., 2022 ). It had three sections with response items: socio-demographic and academic information; dengue infection history of their family members, neighbours and self-dengue infection history; and the final KAP section. Twenty-four questions were for knowledge (Yes/No), six for attitude (5-point Likert scale-based questions: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree), and twenty-one (Yes/No) for the preventive practices. Each correct answer counted as 1 score. The knowledge score ranged from 0–24 scores. The attitude toward dengue fever score ranged from 0–6 scores. The DF prevention practices score ranged from 0–21 scores. We calculated 80% cut-off scores for all sections of knowledge, attitude and practice and categorize them as “Good” and “Poor” levels in the KAP domain (Phuyal et al., 2022 ). (The KAP questions along with the response are included in Online Resource 01.) Data collection strategy A structured questionnaire (in both Bangla and English language) was used for data collection. The study authors distributed the Google form link to various institutions through different media applications (WhatsApp, Messenger) by contacting the class representatives. A preliminary assessment was conducted with 25 participants from the designated population to evaluate the questionnaire’s acceptability and transparency and based on the pilot test results, minor modifications were made to the questionnaire. The initial page of the questionnaire included an informed consent statement that outlined the study’s objectives, procedures, and the participants' right to decline participation. Statistical analysis The obtained data were rechecked for completeness and consistency. (College Park, Texas) Microsoft Excel and STATA 17 software was used for data management and statistical analysis respectively. Shapiro–Wilk test were performed to check the normality of the data. Descriptive statistical analyses (frequency and percentage) were calculated along with the chi-square test of independence was used to test the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude and practice dependent variables. To check the multicollinearity of the variables, the variance influence factor (VIF) of the variables less than 2 were taken for multiple logistic regression analysis (Shrestha, 2020 ). Unadjusted (Crude odds ratio, COR) and adjusted logistic regression (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR) analysis were performed to determine the predictors of KAP level. All statistical analysis was performed at 0.05 α level and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was checked to certain the Goodness of fit of the logistic regression models. Result In Table 1 , the majority of the participants of this study were male (67.7%) and living with their family (59.5%). The majority of participants were from the Science and Engineering department/faculty/major (73.47%). A significant proportion of participants reported having dengue-relevant subject in their current curriculum (43.7%). Participants reported a history of dengue infection within the last six months (10.6%) and found dengue cases among household members (37.7%) and neighbourhood (69.75%). Table 1 Socio-demographic information of participants (N = 671) Variables Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Gender Male 454 67.7 Female 217 32.3 Living with family Yes 399 59.5 No 272 40.5 Department/ Faculty/ Major Arts and Social Sciences 148 22.1 Business Studies 30 4.5 Science and Engineering 493 73.5 Dengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum Yes 293 43.7 No 378 56.3 Heard about dengue Yes 637 94.9 No 34 5.1 Dengue infection history in last six months Yes 71 89.4 No 600 10.6 House members infected with dengue in last six months Yes 253 37.7 No 418 62.3 Neighbours infected with dengue in last six months Yes 468 69.8 No 203 30.3 Table 2 depicts the overall score of knowledge attitude and practice level where 30.4% of university students had good knowledge on DF and 35.9% had good practice level on DF in spite of having higher attitude level (72.3%). Table 2 Overall score of knowledge attitude and practice level Characteristics Score level n % Knowledge Low score 467 69.6 High score 204 30.4 Attitude Low score 186 27.7 High score 485 72.3 Practice Low score 430 64.1 High score 241 35.9 Table 3 illustrates the association between socio-demographic factors with dengue knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP). Dengue knowledge levels were significantly associated with the students' year of study (p = 0.006), inclusion of dengue-related subjects in the curriculum (p = 0.001), awareness of dengue (p = 0.003), and having neighbours who experienced dengue cases (p = 0.009). Positive attitudes towards dengue prevention were higher among males (p = 0.029) and attitude was significantly associated among participants having dengue-related subjects in the current curriculum (p = 0.022). Significant associations in dengue prevention practices were found among participants who had dengue cases among family members (p = 0.004), and neighbours (p = 0.001). Table 3 Association between socio-demographic factors and dengue knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (N = 671) Characteristics knowledge p value attitude p value practice p value Gender High knowledge n (%) Low knowledge n (%) High knowledge n (%) Low knowledge n (%) High knowledge n (%) Low knowledge n (%) Male 130 (28.6) 324 (71.4) 0.15 340 (74.9) 114 (25.1) 0.029 156 (34.4) 298 (65.6) 0.224 Female 74 (34.1) 143 (65.9) 145 (66.8) 72 (33.2) 85 (39.2) 132 (60.8) Living with family Yes 87 (32.0) 185 (68.0) 0.462 193 (71.0) 79 (29.0) 0.527 105 (38.6) 167 (61.4) 0.231 No 117 (29.3) 282 (70.7) 292 (73.2) 107 (26.8) 136 (34.1) 263 (65.9) Department/ Faculty/ Major Arts and Social Sciences 45 (30.4) 103 (69.6) 0.9 102 (68.9) 46 (31.1) 0.269 52 (35.1) 96 (64.9) 0.524 Business Studies 8 (26.7) 22 (73.3) 19 (63.3) 11 (36.7) 8 (26.7) 22 (73.3) Science and Engineering 151 (30.6) 342 (69.4) 364 (73.8) 129 (26.2) 181 (36.7) 312 (63.3) Dengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum Yes 109 (37.2) 184 (62.8) 0.001 225 (76.8) 68 (23.2) 0.022 109 (37.2) 184 (62.8) 0.541 No 95 (25.1) 283 (74.9) 260 (68.8) 118 (31.2) 132 (34.9) 246 (65.1) Heard about dengue Yes 186 (29.2) 451 (70.8) 0.003 460 (72.2) 177 (27.8) 0.867 231 (36.3) 406 (63.7) 0.417 No 18 (52.9) 16 (47.1) 25 (73.5) 9 (26.5) 10 (29.4) 24 (70.6) Dengue infection history in last six months Yes 21 (29.6) 50 (70.4) 0.873 55 (77.5) 16 (22.5) 0.302 23 (32.4) 48 (67.6) 0.513 No 183 (30.5) 417 (69.5) 430 (71.7) 170 (28.3) 218 (36.3) 382 (63.7) House members infected with dengue in last six months Yes 76 (30.6) 177 (69.4) 0.874 193 (76.3) 60 (23.7) 0.071 108 (42.7) 145 (57.3) 0.004 No 128 (30.0) 290 (70.0) 292 (69.9) 126 (30.1) 133 (31.8) 285 (68.2) Neighbours infected with dengue in last six months Yes 76 (37.4) 127 (62.6) 0.009 157 (77.3) 46 (22.7) 0.054 54 (26.6) 149 (73.4) 0.001 No 128 (27.4) 340 (72.7) 328 (70.1) 140 (29.9) 187 (40.0) 281 (60.0) The multiple logistic regression analysis in Table 4 depicts that having a dengue-related subject in the current curriculum was found to be a significant predictor of good knowledge, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.63 (95% CI 1.16–2.29, p = 0.005). Additionally, the occurrence of dengue cases among neighbours was associated with an increase in dengue fever knowledge among students (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.27, p = 0.022). Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of knowledge towards dengue fever among university students (N = 671) Characteristics knowledge knowledge COR* (95% *CI) p value AOR* (95% *CI) p value Gender Male ref ref Female 1.29 (0.91–1.82) 0.150 1.18 (0.83–1.69) 0.358 University type Private ref ref Public 0.74 (0.47–1.16) 0.188 0.65 (0.40–1.04) 0.075 Dengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum No ref ref Yes 1.76 (1.27–2.46) 0.001 1.63 (1.16–2.29) 0.005 Neighbors infected with dengue in last six months No ref ref Yes 1.58 (1.12–2.25) 0.009 1.55 (1.06–2.27) 0.022 *COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals The multiple logistic regression analysis in Table 5 shows that, male participants had higher odds of good attitude level on DF than the female counterparts (OR:0.67, 95%CI: 0.47–0.95, p value = 0.026). In addition, participants who had dengue related subject were found to have partially significant attitude level, in adjusted model (AOR:1.44, CI 1.01–2.07, p = 0.043). Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of attitude towards dengue fever among university students (N = 671) Characteristics Attitude Attitude COR* (95% *CI) p value AOR* (95% *CI) p value Gender Male ref ref Female 0.68 (0.47–0.96) 0.029 0.67 (0.47–0.95) 0.026 Residential unit Mixed ref ref High rise 1.68 (1.02–2.78) 0.042 1.53 (0.92–2.54) 0.103 Low rise 0.28 (0.83–1.97) 0.26 1.21 (0.78–1.87) 0.388 Dengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum No ref ref Yes 1.50 (1.06–2.13) 0.022 1.44 (1.01–2.06) 0.043 House members infected with dengue in last six months No ref ref Yes 1.39 (0.97–1.98) 0.072 1.39 (0.97–2.00) 0.076 *COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence interval The multiple logistic regression analysis in Table 6 illustrates that participants who had dengue case/es among their family members had developed preventive practices 1.65 (95% CI: 1.18–2.29, p = 0.003) times more than who didn’t. Additionally, participants were less likely to adopt dengue preventive practices when they encountered dengue cases in their neighbourhood (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35–0.75, p = 0.001). Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of practices towards dengue fever among university students (N = 671) Characteristics Practice Practice COR* (95% *CI) p value AOR* (95% *CI) p value Gender Male ref ref Female 1.23 (0.88–1.72) 0.225 1.29 (0.91–1.84) 0.151 Living with family No ref ref Yes 1.22 (0.88–1.67) 0.231 1.28 (0.80–1.58) 0.489 University type Private ref ref Public 0.74 (0.47–1.14) 0.170 1.05 (0.66–1.67) 0.843 House members infected with dengue in last six months No ref ref Yes 1.60 (1.16–2.20) 0.005 1.65 (1.18–2.29) 0.003 Neighbors infected with dengue in last six months No ref ref Yes 0.54(0.38–0.78) 0.001 0.51 (0.35–0.75) 0.001 *COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals Table 7 depicts that higher odd of preventive practices (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.25–2.46) were found to be significantly associated with high knowledge level among university students. Moreover, partial significant association of preventive practices (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.47–2.16) was found among participants with good level of attitude. Table 7 Bivariate association of dengue knowledge, attitude and practice Characteristics *OR (95% *CI) p value Knowledge – Practice 1.75 (1.25–2.46) 0.001 Attitude – Practice 1.02 (0.72–1.46) 0.855 Knowledge – Attitude 1.47 (1.0–2.16) 0.049 *OR- Odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals Discussion This study delves into the knowledge, attitude and prevention practices towards DF, among university students of Bangladesh. According to our study, a small proportion of the students (30.4%) achieved a high knowledge score. This finding was lower than the studies conducted in India(Arora, Arora, Sharma, & Kotwal, 2017 ), Pakistan(Itrat et al., 2008 ), Malaysia (Naing et al., 2011 ), Brazil (Dégallier, Vilarinhos, de Carvalho, Knox, & Caetano, 2000 ), Jamaica (Shuaib, Todd, Campbell-Stennett, Ehiri, & Jolly, 2010 ). The variation may be attributed to the presence of DF awareness, varying research sites, methodologies, and sample sizes. However, study conducted among university students in Dhaka city (Rahman et al., 2022 ) in 2021 had higher knowledge score (66.72%) on DF. Lower level of knowledge score after this year gaps in 2024, is a matter of concern for this vulnerable group. Students in our study were found to obtain high attitude score (72.28%) indicates a greater concern of the participants towards DF. This result is concordant with other studies conducted in Yemen (Saied et al., 2015 ), Nepal (Phuyal et al., 2022 ), Malaysia (Lugova & Wallis, 2017 ) and among university students in Dhaka city. This elevated level of concern may stem from increased exposure to information about DF and its risks through various sources, such as educational institutions, social media, and the transmission of news and information from television channels. 35.92% participants of our study reported a high practice score which is found consistent with studies conducted in Jamaica (Shuaib et al., 2010 ), Nepal (Phuyal et al., 2022 ), Indonesia (Harapan et al., 2018 ). However, this finding was lower than a study conducted among university students in Malaysia (Lugova & Wallis, 2017 ). The possible explanation might be that the students do not believe they are at danger of developing DF which may have contributed to this. A person's behaviour is strongly rooted in structural and social variables, making transformation difficult, (Phuyal et al., 2022 ) such as sleeping outdoors due to load shedding, absence or unable to bear mosquito control materials like mosquito coils, spray, repellent cream or ointments etc. Students having dengue related subject in their current curriculum were significantly associated with higher knowledge and attitude. The finding was in accordance with prior studies carried out among students and youth in Dhaka city(Rahman et al., 2022 ; A. Siddique et al., 2024 ) and in consistent with a study conducted in Riohacha, Colombia(Benítez-Díaz, Diaz-Quijano, & Martínez-Vega, 2020 ). A potential reason might be that it is education which brings behavioural changes among students resulting in change in attitude. Moreover, university students possess higher health literacy which enables them to face challenges against dengue and protect themselves(Benítez-Díaz et al., 2020 ). University authorities could play a crucial role in health promotion so that they can contribute in raising awareness among this vulnerable group. Moreover, to implement long-term dengue prevention habits, education and monitoring should continue (M. I. Hossain et al., 2021 ). Our study reveals that dengue cases in neighbourhood were an influencing factor for participants enhancing their knowledge level on dengue fever. This result ties nicely with prior studies conducted in Bangladesh(A. Siddique et al., 2024 ), Portugal(Nazareth et al., 2015 ) and Colombia(Benítez-Díaz et al., 2020 ). The possible explanation might be that individuals who have personally encountered dengue or who have close connections with those affected by the disease are more likely to perceive an increased risk of dengue fever which influence one to gain more knowledge on dengue fever and its consequences. Attitude level was found to be lower among female compared to male participants. The findings contrasted with those of other studies conducted in Malaysia(Wong, Shakir, Atefi, & AbuBakar, 2015 ) and Puerto Rico (Pérez-Guerra, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Vargas-Torres, & Clark, 2009 ). This discrepancy may be due to the lower number of female participants in this study, which could have resulted in a lower overall attitude level. Our study found a significant association between preventive practices and students who had family members affected by dengue. This result aligns with findings from other studies conducted in Costa Rica (Egedus, Ortega, & Obando, 2014 ), Pakistan (Itrat et al., 2008 ), Venezuela (Elsinga et al., 2018 ). A plausible rationale might be that respondents with household dengue infection/s may view dengue as more threatening and prioritize prevention. This heightened awareness of dengue symptoms and preventive practices within families may increase the likelihood of preventing dengue fever. The present study found a significant association between a high level of knowledge and the adoption of effective dengue-related preventive practices among participants. These finding lines up with previous research, which has consistently demonstrated a positive correlation between dengue knowledge and the implementation of prevention and control measures (Itrat et al., 2008 ; Lugova & Wallis, 2017 ; Wong et al., 2015 ). A plausible explanation for this relationship is that greater knowledge of the dengue virus may lead to behavioural changes among students, fostering an increased commitment to preventive practices. Enhanced awareness of the symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive strategies for dengue likely contributes to improved compliance with these practices, ultimately aiding in the prevention and control of the disease. Limitations and strengths The use of a convenience sampling technique and reliance on a self-reported online survey may introduce bias. Additionally, data collected through offline surveys using questionnaires could be biased, as students might influence each other's responses to certain questions. Furthermore, no follow-up investigation or observation was conducted for students who reported not being at risk for dengue. Those who were infected with dengue fever were not asked if they had reports of their infection. As no other study has been conducted, the findings of this study can help to gain a deep understanding on the student's KAP on DF. The data can also help researchers study future dengue conditions in comparing with the findings of this study. Conclusion Overall knowledge and practice level were considerably lower among university students however the attitude level was high. Based on the findings of this study, awareness regarding dengue fever should be created among university students. In addition, knowledge and attitude should be converted to preventable practices among these vulnerable groups. Declarations Author’s contributions Nasimul Ghani Usmani, Role: Writing – Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Original draft. Md. Hafizur Rahman, Pradip Chandra, Role: Methodology, Writing – Review and Editing Md. Hasanuzzaman, Md. Asaduzzaman Miah, Md. Nazmul Hassan, Role: Writing – Review and Editing, Visualization. Tamanna Hassan, Sourav Chandra Debnath, Md. Bony Amin, Role: Data curation, Writing – Review and Editing. Sunjida Munmun, Sirajul Islam Pial, Role: Writing – Review and Editing. Funding 'Not applicable' Conflicts of interest 'Not applicable' Ethics approval Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Prior to the interview, consent was obtained following the ethical guidelines of the WHO and the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC). Research Ethical Committee (REC) of the Department of Environmental Sanitation, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh (approval no.: PSTU/IEC/2023/72) reviewed the protocol and approved this study. Consent to participate Prior to the start of the data collection, informed consent was obtained from the participants, detailing the study's objectives, procedures, and their right to refuse participation. Consent for publication Prior to the start of the data collection, informed consent was obtained from the participants, detailing the publication of the study based on their data. Availability of data and material Data files may be shared upon reasonable requests. Code availability Codes may be shared upon reasonable requests. References (BANBEIS), B. B. o. E. I. a. S. (2022). Bangladesh Education Statistics https://banbeis.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/banbeis.portal.gov.bd/page/6d10c6e9_d26c_4b9b_9c7f_770f9c68df7c/Bangladesh%20 Education%20Statistics%202022%20%281%29_compressed.pdf . Retrieved from https://banbeis.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/banbeis.portal.gov.bd/page/6d10c6e9_d26c_4b9b_9c7f_770f9c68df7c/ Bangladesh%20Education%20Statistics%202022%20%281%29_compressed.pdf Abir, T., Ekwudu, O., Kalimullah, N. A., Nur, A. Y. D. M., Al Mamun, A., Basak, P., . . . Agho, K. E. (2021). Dengue in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Hospital-based cross-sectional KAP assessment at Dhaka North and Dhaka South City Corporation area. PLoS One, 16 (3), e0249135. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249135 Abu-Humaidan, A. H. A., Tarazi, A., Hamadneh, Y., Al-Leimon, A., Al-Leimon, O., Aljahalin, M., . . . Alaridah, N. (2022). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward tuberculosis among Jordanian university students. Front Public Health, 10 , 1055037. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1055037 Akbar, S. M. F., Khan, S., Mahtab, M., Mahtab, M. A., Yahiro, T., Arafat, S. M., . . . Nishizono, A. (2023). 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International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health . doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175148 Benítez-Díaz, L., Diaz-Quijano, F. A., & Martínez-Vega, R. A. (2020). Experience and perception of risk associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue in Riohacha, Colombia. Cien Saude Colet, 25 (3), 1137-1146. doi:10.1590/1413-81232020253.08592018 Bonna, A. S., Pavel, S. R., Mehjabin, T., & Ali, M. (2023). Dengue in Bangladesh. Int J Infect Dis . doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.020 Cavana, R., Delahaye, B., & Sekeran, U. (2001). Applied Business Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Dégallier, N., Vilarinhos, P. T., de Carvalho, M. S., Knox, M. B., & Caetano, J., Jr. (2000). People's knowledge and practice about dengue, its vectors, and control means in Brasilia (DF), Brazil: its relevance with entomological factors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 16 (2), 114-123. Egedus, V. L., Ortega, J. M., & Obando, A. A. (2014). Knowledge, perceptions, and practices with respect to the prevention of dengue in a mid-Pacific coastal village of Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop, 62 (3), 859-867. doi:10.15517/rbt.v62i3.14065 Elsinga, J., Schmidt, M., Lizarazo, E. F., Vincenti-Gonzalez, M. F., Velasco-Salas, Z. I., Arias, L., . . . Tami, A. (2018). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Dengue in Maracay, Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 99 (1), 195-203. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0528 Ferdous, M. Z., Islam, M. S., Sikder, M. T., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., & Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 15 (10), e0239254. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239254 Fouque, F., & Reeder, J. C. (2019). Impact of past and on-going changes on climate and weather on vector-borne diseases transmission: a look at the evidence. Infect Dis Poverty, 8 (1), 51. doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0565-1 García-Álvarez, D., & Faubel, R. (2020). Strategies and Measurement Tools in Physical Activity Promotion Interventions in the University Setting: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (18). doi:10.3390/ijerph17186526 Giang, H. T. N., Sayed, A. M., Dang, T., Iqtadar, S., Tuan, N. M., Khiem, N. T., . . . Huy, N. T. (2021). Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals on dengue transmission, diagnosis and clinical classification. BMC Infect Dis, 21 (1), 1130. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06816-y Hamid, M. A. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Dengue Fever: a Study among the Inhabitants of Cumilla Cantonment area of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J, 32 (4), 1169-1177. Harapan, H., Rajamoorthy, Y., Anwar, S., Bustamam, A., Radiansyah, A., Angraini, P., . . . Müller, R. (2018). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue virus infection among inhabitants of Aceh, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis, 18 (1), 96. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3006-z Hossain, M. I., Alam, N. E., Akter, S., Suriea, U., Aktar, S., Shifat, S. K., . . . Mohiuddin, A. K. M. (2021). Knowledge, awareness and preventive practices of dengue outbreak in Bangladesh: A countrywide study. PLoS One, 16 (6), e0252852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252852 Hossain, M. S., Noman, A. A., Mamun, S., & Mosabbir, A. A. (2023). Twenty-two years of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh: epidemiology, clinical spectrum, serotypes, and future disease risks. Trop Med Health, 51 (1), 37. doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00528-6 Itrat, A., Khan, A., Javaid, S., Kamal, M., Khan, H., Javed, S., . . . Jehan, I. (2008). Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever among the adult population of dengue hit cosmopolitan. PLoS One, 3 (7), e2620. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002620 Lugova, H., & Wallis, S. (2017). Cross-Sectional Survey on the Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive Practices Among Students and Staff of a Public University in Malaysia. J Community Health, 42 (2), 413-420. doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0270-y Naing, C., Ren, W. Y., Man, C. Y., Fern, K. P., Qiqi, C., Ning, C. N., & Ee, C. W. (2011). Awareness of dengue and practice of dengue control among the semi-urban community: a cross sectional survey. J Community Health, 36 (6), 1044-1049. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9407-1 Nazareth, T., Sousa, C. A., Porto, G., Gonçalves, L., Seixas, G., Antunes, L., . . . Teodósio, R. (2015). Impact of a dengue outbreak experience in the preventive perceptions of the community from a temperate region: Madeira Island, Portugal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9 (3), e0003395. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003395 Organization, W. H. (2023). Dengue - Global situation. WHO South-East Asia Region https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498 . Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498 Organization, W. H. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue#:~:text=One%20modelling%20estimate%20indicates%20390,with%20dengue%20viruses%20(3). Pérez-Guerra, C. L., Zielinski-Gutierrez, E., Vargas-Torres, D., & Clark, G. G. (2009). Community beliefs and practices about dengue in Puerto Rico. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 25 (3), 218-226. doi:10.1590/s1020-49892009000300005 Phuyal, P., Kramer, I. M., Kuch, U., Magdeburg, A., Groneberg, D. A., Lamichhane Dhimal, M., . . . Müller, R. (2022). The knowledge, attitude and practice of community people on dengue fever in Central Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis, 22 (1), 454. doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07404-4 Rahman, M. M., Khan, S. J., Tanni, K. N., Roy, T., Chisty, M. A., Islam, M. R., . . . Islam, A. (2022). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19 (7). doi:10.3390/ijerph19074023 Rahman, M. M., Sakib, M. S., Rahman, A. S., Haque, M. I., Hossain, M. T., & Islam, M. R. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Social Workers of Bangladesh. 1-22. Rahman, M. M., Tanni, K. N., Roy, T., Islam, M. R., Al Raji Rumi, M. A., Sadman Sakib, M., . . . Md Towfiqul Islam, A. R. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Dengue Fever Among Slum Dwellers: A Case Study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Int J Public Health, 68 , 1605364. doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1605364 Saied, K. G., Al-Taiar, A., Altaire, A., Alqadsi, A., Alariqi, E. F., & Hassaan, M. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding dengue fever in rural areas of Yemen. Int Health, 7 (6), 420-425. doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihv021 Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8 , 39-42. doi:10.12691/ajams-8-2-1 Shuaib, F., Todd, D., Campbell-Stennett, D., Ehiri, J., & Jolly, P. E. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue infection in Westmoreland, Jamaica. West Indian Med J, 59 (2), 139-146. Siddique, A., Omi, N., Rasel, S. M., Hoque, S., Rahman, N., Sarker, S., . . . Sikder, D. M. (2024). Assessment of perceived dengue risk and prevention practices among youth in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 14 . doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54238-y Siddique, M. A. B., Ovi, M. R., Ahammed, T., Chowdhury, M. A. B., & Uddin, M. J. (2022). Mental health knowledge and awareness among university students in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 8 (10), e11084. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11084 Sultana, M., Mahumud, R. A., Sarker, A. R., & Hossain, S. M. (2016). Hand hygiene knowledge and practice among university students: evidence from Private Universities of Bangladesh. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 9 , 13-20. doi:10.2147/rmhp.S98311 Wong, L. P., Shakir, S. M., Atefi, N., & AbuBakar, S. (2015). Factors affecting dengue prevention practices: nationwide survey of the Malaysian public. PLoS One, 10 (4), e0122890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122890 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files OnlineResource01.doc Online Resource 01 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5089981","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":354080095,"identity":"77f77c59-9ac7-4abd-b4d8-be7ef2f77d03","order_by":0,"name":"Nasimul Ghani Usmani","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHoYDjA0MMmD2ByBmYydSCw8DAzMD4wyQFmYitDDAtDDzgAQIaTHnX3vw4M8ddjzm/OePSdv82ibPB7Ttw8cc3FosZ7xLOMx7JpnHckYym3Ru323DNqBtkjO34dZicOOMwWHGNmYegxvMQC09t4FsoHd4CWg5+LOtnsfg/GE2acue2/aEtZzvMTjA23aYx+AA0GEMP24nEmELH9AvbcdBfjG27G24ndzGzNiM3y/nzx7++LOtWs6c/+DDGz/+3Lad39588MNHPFoYJBKgekEEYxuYbMCjHgj4DyBpYfiDX/EoGAWjYBSMTAAA4+VR30eqBqQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nasimul","middleName":"Ghani","lastName":"Usmani","suffix":""},{"id":354080096,"identity":"e16b808d-9a07-4a83-9934-f3f50c0d5b86","order_by":1,"name":"Pradip Chandra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North South University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pradip","middleName":"","lastName":"Chandra","suffix":""},{"id":354080097,"identity":"d27ffa40-4dfb-4483-98c6-0d50e3a04501","order_by":2,"name":"Tamanna Hassan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tamanna","middleName":"","lastName":"Hassan","suffix":""},{"id":354080098,"identity":"9ef2efd8-9332-47b8-abdf-8db3eac5ed7e","order_by":3,"name":"Sourav Chandra Debnath","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sourav","middleName":"Chandra","lastName":"Debnath","suffix":""},{"id":354080099,"identity":"2451eff3-fddf-49fe-85cf-2f015e2e2a6a","order_by":4,"name":"Sunjida Munmun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Patuakhali Science and Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sunjida","middleName":"","lastName":"Munmun","suffix":""},{"id":354080100,"identity":"ef3d59f6-8493-48c1-9d21-7d42fee12b76","order_by":5,"name":"Md. 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The world witnesses more than five million dengue infection reported from World Health Organization (WHO) regions in 2019, which is about tenfold higher compared to that in 2000 (Giang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). In 2023, a historic high of dengue cases was recorded, affecting over 80 countries across all WHO regions. The ongoing transmission, coupled with an unexpected spike in cases since the beginning of 2023, led to over 6.5\u0026nbsp;million reported cases and more than 7,300 dengue-related deaths (Organization, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Being a global infection, dengue virus (DENV) is endemically present mainly in Latin America and Caribbean countries as well as countries in South Asia where Asia carries 70% of the disease burden.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDue to multiple risk factors like rapid and unplanned urbanization, global warming, and prolonged rainy season promoted dengue outbreaks in recent years in Bangladesh. Additionally, household hazards contribute to producing an increased number of Aedes mosquitoes, Bangladesh has been experiencing successive major dengue outbreaks in recent years (Bonna, Pavel, Mehjabin, \u0026amp; Ali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; M. S. Hossain, Noman, Mamun, \u0026amp; Mosabbir, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). There has been a serious endemic of DENV during 2019. After a heterogeneous pause, another severe outbreak of DENV was reported in some Asian countries in 2023 (Akbar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). In 2023, the number of cases in Bangladesh had surged to 308,167, a significant rise from the 62,382 cases reported for the whole of 2022. During the same period, the death toll in Bangladesh increased from 281 (CFR 0.45%) to 1,598 (CFR 0.52%) (Organization, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe increase in mosquito-borne diseases is highly anthropogenic and connected to global climate change, involving high temperatures or rainfall that affects mosquito bionomics (Fouque \u0026amp; Reeder, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). However, simple human intervention and behavioural changes can reduce the incidence of dengue patients significantly (Anand, Kumar, Saini, Meena, \u0026amp; Ingle, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, education and knowledge regarding mosquito control can lead to improved attitudes of citizens and help them to adopt protective practices (M. A. B. Siddique, Ovi, Ahammed, Chowdhury, \u0026amp; Uddin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) is an important cognitive key in public health regarding health prevention and promotion. It involves a range of beliefs about the causes of the disease and exacerbating factors, identification of symptoms, and available methods of treatments and consequences (Ferdous et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity environment is one in which students not only receive education, but also develop personally and socially. This development has a great influence on students during their time at university and also during the rest of their lives, affecting the choices they will make, their values and priorities, their jobs, homes, and communities (Garc\u0026iacute;a-\u0026Aacute;lvarez \u0026amp; Faubel, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). University students, whether in the healthcare field or not, are an important subgroup of the population whose decisions could impact transmission trends in the future (Abu-Humaidan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). In 2023, distribution of dengue fever was detected mostly among the age-group of 21\u0026ndash;25 years (30,415 cases) and 26\u0026ndash;30 (26,492 cases) years old (Akbar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) where almost all university students fall in these age group category (Arafat et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sultana, Mahumud, Sarker, \u0026amp; Hossain, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, most university students live in dormitory or in-house rent are vital source of dengue virus transmission as they move across the country for educational or family purposes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity students are a critical group of learners as they have access to authentic knowledge. The authority can easily reach them through universities or different social and digital media platform (Rahman, Sakib, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). If these students bear enough knowledge and positive attitudes, they can transfer it to their community. In collaboration with university students, the community can then translate knowledge and attitudes on DF into preventative practices (Rahman, Tanni, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA number of studies was conducted in Bangladesh regarding the KAP on dengue fever and mosquito control. Most of these studies were carried out in communities or students of a specific areas, such as hilly tracts or city areas (Hamid, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Rahman, Tanni, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), hospitals (Abir et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). However, no study has been conducted assessing the KAP level among university students in Bangladesh.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among university students and influencing factors of good knowledge, good attitude and good practice. The outcome of our study can assist the government and non-governmental organizations, university authorities, and health and social workers in fostering holistic DF preparedness and response for university students of the city, which can ultimately contribute to reducing the DF outbreak across the country. It can also be integrated into the strategic plan to control infectious disease outbreaks, a fundamental issue for the national and international community.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design, area, and participant\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2023 to January 2024 among these university students. This cross-sectional study utilized a self-reported online survey to evaluate dengue responses through a KAP study among university students in Bangladesh. (Data collection universities are included in Online Resource 01.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSampling method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the Bangladesh Education Statistics, 2022 there are about 164 (public, private and international) educational institutions where total number of students were 1,034,320 ((BANBEIS), 2022). Participants were recruited using a non-probability sampling method through convenience sampling technique.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample size\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sample size was calculated using the following formula: n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;z\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003epq/d\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003cdiv id=\"Equa\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equa\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:n=\\frac{{z}^{2}pq}{{d}^{2}};n=\\frac{{1.96}^{2}\\:x\\:0.68\\:x\\:(1-0.68)}{{0.05}^{2}}=334.37\\:\\approx\\:335$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ehere, \u003cb\u003en\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;total number of samples, \u003cb\u003ez\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;the statistic that corresponds to the level of confidence\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.96 (95% confidence level), \u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;a measure of expected prevalence, 68.32%, as there is a previous study in Bangladesh conducted among university students residing in Dhaka city (Rahman et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), q = (1-p), \u003cb\u003ed\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;precession of the prevalence estimate (10% of 0.5) then the sample size was calculated as 335 subjects. A 10% non-response rate was taken into account while determining the optimal sample size of 370. However, to improve the external validity and generalizability of the research, 671 samples were taken than our estimated number (Cavana, Delahaye, \u0026amp; Sekeran, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData collection tools and measurement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structured questionnaire (in both native Bengali and English language) was developed in Google form after conducting literature reviews, adopted from previous studies (Hamid, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Phuyal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Rahman et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). It had three sections with response items: socio-demographic and academic information; dengue infection history of their family members, neighbours and self-dengue infection history; and the final KAP section. Twenty-four questions were for knowledge (Yes/No), six for attitude (5-point Likert scale-based questions: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree), and twenty-one (Yes/No) for the preventive practices. Each correct answer counted as 1 score. The knowledge score ranged from 0\u0026ndash;24 scores. The attitude toward dengue fever score ranged from 0\u0026ndash;6 scores. The DF prevention practices score ranged from 0\u0026ndash;21 scores. We calculated 80% cut-off scores for all sections of knowledge, attitude and practice and categorize them as \u0026ldquo;Good\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Poor\u0026rdquo; levels in the KAP domain (Phuyal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). (The KAP questions along with the response are included in Online Resource 01.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData collection strategy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA structured questionnaire (in both Bangla and English language) was used for data collection. The study authors distributed the Google form link to various institutions through different media applications (WhatsApp, Messenger) by contacting the class representatives.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA preliminary assessment was conducted with 25 participants from the designated population to evaluate the questionnaire\u0026rsquo;s acceptability and transparency and based on the pilot test results, minor modifications were made to the questionnaire. The initial page of the questionnaire included an informed consent statement that outlined the study\u0026rsquo;s objectives, procedures, and the participants' right to decline participation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe obtained data were rechecked for completeness and consistency. (College Park, Texas) Microsoft Excel and STATA 17 software was used for data management and statistical analysis respectively. Shapiro\u0026ndash;Wilk test were performed to check the normality of the data. Descriptive statistical analyses (frequency and percentage) were calculated along with the chi-square test of independence was used to test the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude and practice dependent variables. To check the multicollinearity of the variables, the variance influence factor (VIF) of the variables less than 2 were taken for multiple logistic regression analysis (Shrestha, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Unadjusted (Crude odds ratio, COR) and adjusted logistic regression (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR) analysis were performed to determine the predictors of KAP level. All statistical analysis was performed at 0.05 α level and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was checked to certain the Goodness of fit of the logistic regression models.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Result","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" type=\"Results\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, the majority of the participants of this study were male (67.7%) and living with their family (59.5%). The majority of participants were from the Science and Engineering department/faculty/major (73.47%). A significant proportion of participants reported having dengue-relevant subject in their current curriculum (43.7%). Participants reported a history of dengue infection within the last six months (10.6%) and found dengue cases among household members (37.7%) and neighbourhood (69.75%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic information of participants (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;671)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency (n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiving with family\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepartment/ Faculty/ Major\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArts and Social Sciences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Studies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScience and Engineering\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeard about dengue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e637\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue infection history in last six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHouse members infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e253\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e418\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeighbours infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e468\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e depicts the overall score of knowledge attitude and practice level where 30.4% of university students had good knowledge on DF and 35.9% had good practice level on DF in spite of having higher attitude level (72.3%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall score of knowledge attitude and practice level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScore level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowledge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttitude\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e485\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePractice\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e430\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e illustrates the association between socio-demographic factors with dengue knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP). Dengue knowledge levels were significantly associated with the students' year of study (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006), inclusion of dengue-related subjects in the curriculum (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), awareness of dengue (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003), and having neighbours who experienced dengue cases (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009). Positive attitudes towards dengue prevention were higher among males (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029) and attitude was significantly associated among participants having dengue-related subjects in the current curriculum (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022). Significant associations in dengue prevention practices were found among participants who had dengue cases among family members (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004), and neighbours (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociation between socio-demographic factors and dengue knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;671)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eattitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003evalue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epractice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130 (28.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e324 (71.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e340 (74.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 (25.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.029\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156 (34.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e298 (65.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (34.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143 (65.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145 (66.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (33.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (39.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (60.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving with family\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87 (32.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e185 (68.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.462\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193 (71.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 (29.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.527\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 (38.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167 (61.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.231\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117 (29.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e282 (70.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292 (73.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107 (26.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136 (34.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e263 (65.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDepartment/ Faculty/ Major\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArts and Social Sciences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103 (69.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 (68.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (31.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 (35.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 (64.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Studies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (73.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (63.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (36.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (26.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (73.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScience and Engineering\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151 (30.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342 (69.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e364 (73.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129 (26.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181 (36.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e312 (63.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109 (37.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184 (62.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225 (76.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (23.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.022\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109 (37.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184 (62.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (25.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e283 (74.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e260 (68.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e118 (31.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132 (34.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e246 (65.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeard about dengue\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186 (29.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e451 (70.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e460 (72.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177 (27.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231 (36.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e406 (63.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (52.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (47.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (73.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (26.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (29.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (70.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDengue infection history in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (29.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (70.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.873\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 (77.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (22.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (32.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (67.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.513\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183 (30.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e417 (69.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e430 (71.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170 (28.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e218 (36.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e382 (63.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse members infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (30.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177 (69.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193 (76.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 (42.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145 (57.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.004\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 (30.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290 (70.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292 (69.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 (30.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133 (31.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285 (68.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeighbours infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (37.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 (62.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.009\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e157 (77.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (22.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (26.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149 (73.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e128 (27.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e340 (72.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e328 (70.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140 (29.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e281 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe multiple logistic regression analysis in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e depicts that having a dengue-related subject in the current curriculum was found to be a significant predictor of good knowledge, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.63 (95% CI 1.16\u0026ndash;2.29, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005). Additionally, the occurrence of dengue cases among neighbours was associated with an increase in dengue fever knowledge among students (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.06\u0026ndash;2.27, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression analysis of knowledge towards dengue fever among university students (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;671)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.29 (0.91\u0026ndash;1.82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.18 (0.83\u0026ndash;1.69)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.358\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74 (0.47\u0026ndash;1.16)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65 (0.40\u0026ndash;1.04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.76 (1.27\u0026ndash;2.46)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.63 (1.16\u0026ndash;2.29)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeighbors infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.58 (1.12\u0026ndash;2.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.55 (1.06\u0026ndash;2.27)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.022\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e*COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe multiple logistic regression analysis in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows that, male participants had higher odds of good attitude level on DF than the female counterparts (OR:0.67, 95%CI: 0.47\u0026ndash;0.95, p value\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.026). In addition, participants who had dengue related subject were found to have partially significant attitude level, in adjusted model (AOR:1.44, CI 1.01\u0026ndash;2.07, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.043).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression analysis of attitude towards dengue fever among university students (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;671)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68 (0.47\u0026ndash;0.96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.67 (0.47\u0026ndash;0.95)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.026\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResidential unit\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh rise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68 (1.02\u0026ndash;2.78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53 (0.92\u0026ndash;2.54)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow rise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28 (0.83\u0026ndash;1.97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.21 (0.78\u0026ndash;1.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.388\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDengue-relevant subject in the current curriculum\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50 (1.06\u0026ndash;2.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.44 (1.01\u0026ndash;2.06)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.043\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse members infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39 (0.97\u0026ndash;1.98)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39 (0.97\u0026ndash;2.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e*COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence interval\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe multiple logistic regression analysis in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e illustrates that participants who had dengue case/es among their family members had developed preventive practices 1.65 (95% CI: 1.18\u0026ndash;2.29, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003) times more than who didn\u0026rsquo;t. Additionally, participants were less likely to adopt dengue preventive practices when they encountered dengue cases in their neighbourhood (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35\u0026ndash;0.75, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression analysis of practices towards dengue fever among university students (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;671)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR* (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23 (0.88\u0026ndash;1.72)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.29 (0.91\u0026ndash;1.84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving with family\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22 (0.88\u0026ndash;1.67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.231\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28 (0.80\u0026ndash;1.58)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74 (0.47\u0026ndash;1.14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05 (0.66\u0026ndash;1.67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.843\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse members infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60 (1.16\u0026ndash;2.20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.65 (1.18\u0026ndash;2.29)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeighbors infected with dengue in last six months\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eref\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54(0.38\u0026ndash;0.78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.51 (0.35\u0026ndash;0.75)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e*COR- Crude odds ratio; *AOR- Adjusted odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e depicts that higher odd of preventive practices (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.25\u0026ndash;2.46) were found to be significantly associated with high knowledge level among university students. Moreover, partial significant association of preventive practices (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.47\u0026ndash;2.16) was found among participants with good level of attitude.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBivariate association of dengue knowledge, attitude and practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e*OR (95% *CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge \u0026ndash; Practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.75 (1.25\u0026ndash;2.46)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude \u0026ndash; Practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02 (0.72\u0026ndash;1.46)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge \u0026ndash; Attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.47 (1.0\u0026ndash;2.16)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.049\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e*OR- Odds ratio; *CI: confidence intervals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study delves into the knowledge, attitude and prevention practices towards DF, among university students of Bangladesh. According to our study, a small proportion of the students (30.4%) achieved a high knowledge score. This finding was lower than the studies conducted in India(Arora, Arora, Sharma, \u0026amp; Kotwal, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), Pakistan(Itrat et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), Malaysia (Naing et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), Brazil (D\u0026eacute;gallier, Vilarinhos, de Carvalho, Knox, \u0026amp; Caetano, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e), Jamaica (Shuaib, Todd, Campbell-Stennett, Ehiri, \u0026amp; Jolly, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The variation may be attributed to the presence of DF awareness, varying research sites, methodologies, and sample sizes. However, study conducted among university students in Dhaka city (Rahman et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) in 2021 had higher knowledge score (66.72%) on DF. Lower level of knowledge score after this year gaps in 2024, is a matter of concern for this vulnerable group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents in our study were found to obtain high attitude score (72.28%) indicates a greater concern of the participants towards DF. This result is concordant with other studies conducted in Yemen (Saied et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), Nepal (Phuyal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), Malaysia (Lugova \u0026amp; Wallis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) and among university students in Dhaka city. This elevated level of concern may stem from increased exposure to information about DF and its risks through various sources, such as educational institutions, social media, and the transmission of news and information from television channels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.92% participants of our study reported a high practice score which is found consistent with studies conducted in Jamaica (Shuaib et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), Nepal (Phuyal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), Indonesia (Harapan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). However, this finding was lower than a study conducted among university students in Malaysia (Lugova \u0026amp; Wallis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). The possible explanation might be that the students do not believe they are at danger of developing DF which may have contributed to this. A person's behaviour is strongly rooted in structural and social variables, making transformation difficult, (Phuyal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) such as sleeping outdoors due to load shedding, absence or unable to bear mosquito control materials like mosquito coils, spray, repellent cream or ointments etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents having dengue related subject in their current curriculum were significantly associated with higher knowledge and attitude. The finding was in accordance with prior studies carried out among students and youth in Dhaka city(Rahman et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; A. Siddique et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and in consistent with a study conducted in Riohacha, Colombia(Ben\u0026iacute;tez-D\u0026iacute;az, Diaz-Quijano, \u0026amp; Mart\u0026iacute;nez-Vega, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). A potential reason might be that it is education which brings behavioural changes among students resulting in change in attitude. Moreover, university students possess higher health literacy which enables them to face challenges against dengue and protect themselves(Ben\u0026iacute;tez-D\u0026iacute;az et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). University authorities could play a crucial role in health promotion so that they can contribute in raising awareness among this vulnerable group. Moreover, to implement long-term dengue prevention habits, education and monitoring should continue (M. I. Hossain et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study reveals that dengue cases in neighbourhood were an influencing factor for participants enhancing their knowledge level on dengue fever. This result ties nicely with prior studies conducted in Bangladesh(A. Siddique et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e), Portugal(Nazareth et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) and Colombia(Ben\u0026iacute;tez-D\u0026iacute;az et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The possible explanation might be that individuals who have personally encountered dengue or who have close connections with those affected by the disease are more likely to perceive an increased risk of dengue fever which influence one to gain more knowledge on dengue fever and its consequences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude level was found to be lower among female compared to male participants. The findings contrasted with those of other studies conducted in Malaysia(Wong, Shakir, Atefi, \u0026amp; AbuBakar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) and Puerto Rico (P\u0026eacute;rez-Guerra, Zielinski-Gutierrez, Vargas-Torres, \u0026amp; Clark, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). This discrepancy may be due to the lower number of female participants in this study, which could have resulted in a lower overall attitude level.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study found a significant association between preventive practices and students who had family members affected by dengue. This result aligns with findings from other studies conducted in Costa Rica (Egedus, Ortega, \u0026amp; Obando, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), Pakistan (Itrat et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), Venezuela (Elsinga et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). A plausible rationale might be that respondents with household dengue infection/s may view dengue as more threatening and prioritize prevention. This heightened awareness of dengue symptoms and preventive practices within families may increase the likelihood of preventing dengue fever.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study found a significant association between a high level of knowledge and the adoption of effective dengue-related preventive practices among participants. These finding lines up with previous research, which has consistently demonstrated a positive correlation between dengue knowledge and the implementation of prevention and control measures (Itrat et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Lugova \u0026amp; Wallis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Wong et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). A plausible explanation for this relationship is that greater knowledge of the dengue virus may lead to behavioural changes among students, fostering an increased commitment to preventive practices. Enhanced awareness of the symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive strategies for dengue likely contributes to improved compliance with these practices, ultimately aiding in the prevention and control of the disease.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations and strengths\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of a convenience sampling technique and reliance on a self-reported online survey may introduce bias. Additionally, data collected through offline surveys using questionnaires could be biased, as students might influence each other's responses to certain questions. Furthermore, no follow-up investigation or observation was conducted for students who reported not being at risk for dengue. Those who were infected with dengue fever were not asked if they had reports of their infection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs no other study has been conducted, the findings of this study can help to gain a deep understanding on the student's KAP on DF. The data can also help researchers study future dengue conditions in comparing with the findings of this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall knowledge and practice level were considerably lower among university students however the attitude level was high. Based on the findings of this study, awareness regarding dengue fever should be created among university students. In addition, knowledge and attitude should be converted to preventable practices among these vulnerable groups.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNasimul Ghani Usmani, Role: Writing \u0026ndash; Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Original draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMd. Hafizur Rahman, Pradip Chandra, Role: Methodology, Writing \u0026ndash; Review and Editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMd. Hasanuzzaman, Md. Asaduzzaman Miah, Md. Nazmul Hassan, Role: Writing \u0026ndash; Review and Editing, Visualization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTamanna Hassan, Sourav Chandra Debnath, Md. Bony Amin, Role: Data curation, Writing \u0026ndash; Review and Editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunjida Munmun, Sirajul Islam Pial, Role: Writing \u0026ndash; Review and Editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026apos;Not applicable\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026apos;Not applicable\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all participants. Prior to the interview, consent was obtained following the ethical guidelines of the WHO and the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC). Research Ethical Committee (REC) of the Department of Environmental Sanitation, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh (approval no.: PSTU/IEC/2023/72) reviewed the protocol and approved this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the start of the data collection, informed consent was obtained from the participants, detailing the study\u0026apos;s objectives, procedures, and their right to refuse participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to the start of the data collection, informed consent was obtained from the participants, detailing the publication of the study based on their data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData files may be shared upon reasonable requests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCodes may be shared upon reasonable requests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e(BANBEIS), B. 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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Dengue in Maracay, Venezuela. \u003cem\u003eAm J Trop Med Hyg, 99\u003c/em\u003e(1), 195-203. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0528\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFerdous, M. Z., Islam, M. S., Sikder, M. T., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A., \u0026amp; Gozal, D. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One, 15\u003c/em\u003e(10), e0239254. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239254\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFouque, F., \u0026amp; Reeder, J. C. (2019). Impact of past and on-going changes on climate and weather on vector-borne diseases transmission: a look at the evidence. \u003cem\u003eInfect Dis Poverty, 8\u003c/em\u003e(1), 51. doi:10.1186/s40249-019-0565-1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGarc\u0026iacute;a-\u0026Aacute;lvarez, D., \u0026amp; Faubel, R. (2020). Strategies and Measurement Tools in Physical Activity Promotion Interventions in the University Setting: A Systematic Review. \u003cem\u003eInt J Environ Res Public Health, 17\u003c/em\u003e(18). doi:10.3390/ijerph17186526\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGiang, H. T. N., Sayed, A. M., Dang, T., Iqtadar, S., Tuan, N. M., Khiem, N. T., . . . Huy, N. T. (2021). Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals on dengue transmission, diagnosis and clinical classification. \u003cem\u003eBMC Infect Dis, 21\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1130. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06816-y\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHamid, M. A. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Dengue Fever: a Study among the Inhabitants of Cumilla Cantonment area of Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eMymensingh Med J, 32\u003c/em\u003e(4), 1169-1177.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHarapan, H., Rajamoorthy, Y., Anwar, S., Bustamam, A., Radiansyah, A., Angraini, P., . . . M\u0026uuml;ller, R. (2018). Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue virus infection among inhabitants of Aceh, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Infect Dis, 18\u003c/em\u003e(1), 96. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3006-z\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHossain, M. I., Alam, N. E., Akter, S., Suriea, U., Aktar, S., Shifat, S. K., . . . Mohiuddin, A. K. M. (2021). Knowledge, awareness and preventive practices of dengue outbreak in Bangladesh: A countrywide study. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One, 16\u003c/em\u003e(6), e0252852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252852\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHossain, M. S., Noman, A. A., Mamun, S., \u0026amp; Mosabbir, A. A. (2023). Twenty-two years of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh: epidemiology, clinical spectrum, serotypes, and future disease risks. \u003cem\u003eTrop Med Health, 51\u003c/em\u003e(1), 37. doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00528-6\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eItrat, A., Khan, A., Javaid, S., Kamal, M., Khan, H., Javed, S., . . . Jehan, I. (2008). Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding dengue fever among the adult population of dengue hit cosmopolitan. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One, 3\u003c/em\u003e(7), e2620. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002620\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLugova, H., \u0026amp; Wallis, S. (2017). Cross-Sectional Survey on the Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive Practices Among Students and Staff of a Public University in Malaysia. \u003cem\u003eJ Community Health, 42\u003c/em\u003e(2), 413-420. doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0270-y\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNaing, C., Ren, W. Y., Man, C. Y., Fern, K. P., Qiqi, C., Ning, C. N., \u0026amp; Ee, C. W. (2011). Awareness of dengue and practice of dengue control among the semi-urban community: a cross sectional survey. \u003cem\u003eJ Community Health, 36\u003c/em\u003e(6), 1044-1049. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9407-1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNazareth, T., Sousa, C. A., Porto, G., Gon\u0026ccedil;alves, L., Seixas, G., Antunes, L., . . . Teod\u0026oacute;sio, R. (2015). Impact of a dengue outbreak experience in the preventive perceptions of the community from a temperate region: Madeira Island, Portugal. \u003cem\u003ePLoS Negl Trop Dis, 9\u003c/em\u003e(3), e0003395. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003395\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOrganization, W. H. (2023). \u003cem\u003eDengue - Global situation. WHO South-East Asia Region https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498\u003c/em\u003e. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOrganization, W. H. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue#:~:text=One%20modelling%20estimate%20indicates%20390,with%20dengue%20viruses%20(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eP\u0026eacute;rez-Guerra, C. L., Zielinski-Gutierrez, E., Vargas-Torres, D., \u0026amp; Clark, G. G. (2009). Community beliefs and practices about dengue in Puerto Rico. \u003cem\u003eRev Panam Salud Publica, 25\u003c/em\u003e(3), 218-226. doi:10.1590/s1020-49892009000300005\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePhuyal, P., Kramer, I. M., Kuch, U., Magdeburg, A., Groneberg, D. A., Lamichhane Dhimal, M., . . . M\u0026uuml;ller, R. (2022). The knowledge, attitude and practice of community people on dengue fever in Central Nepal: a cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Infect Dis, 22\u003c/em\u003e(1), 454. doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07404-4\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRahman, M. M., Khan, S. J., Tanni, K. N., Roy, T., Chisty, M. A., Islam, M. R., . . . Islam, A. (2022). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eInt J Environ Res Public Health, 19\u003c/em\u003e(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph19074023\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRahman, M. M., Sakib, M. S., Rahman, A. S., Haque, M. I., Hossain, M. T., \u0026amp; Islam, M. R. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Social Workers of Bangladesh. 1-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRahman, M. M., Tanni, K. N., Roy, T., Islam, M. R., Al Raji Rumi, M. A., Sadman Sakib, M., . . . Md Towfiqul Islam, A. R. (2023). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Dengue Fever Among Slum Dwellers: A Case Study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eInt J Public Health, 68\u003c/em\u003e, 1605364. doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1605364\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSaied, K. G., Al-Taiar, A., Altaire, A., Alqadsi, A., Alariqi, E. F., \u0026amp; Hassaan, M. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices regarding dengue fever in rural areas of Yemen. \u003cem\u003eInt Health, 7\u003c/em\u003e(6), 420-425. doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihv021\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShrestha, N. (2020). Detecting Multicollinearity in Regression Analysis. \u003cem\u003eAmerican Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8\u003c/em\u003e, 39-42. doi:10.12691/ajams-8-2-1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShuaib, F., Todd, D., Campbell-Stennett, D., Ehiri, J., \u0026amp; Jolly, P. E. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue infection in Westmoreland, Jamaica. \u003cem\u003eWest Indian Med J, 59\u003c/em\u003e(2), 139-146.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSiddique, A., Omi, N., Rasel, S. M., Hoque, S., Rahman, N., Sarker, S., . . . Sikder, D. M. (2024). Assessment of perceived dengue risk and prevention practices among youth in Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eScientific Reports, 14\u003c/em\u003e. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54238-y\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSiddique, M. A. B., Ovi, M. R., Ahammed, T., Chowdhury, M. A. B., \u0026amp; Uddin, M. J. (2022). Mental health knowledge and awareness among university students in Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eHeliyon, 8\u003c/em\u003e(10), e11084. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11084\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSultana, M., Mahumud, R. A., Sarker, A. R., \u0026amp; Hossain, S. M. (2016). Hand hygiene knowledge and practice among university students: evidence from Private Universities of Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eRisk Manag Healthc Policy, 9\u003c/em\u003e, 13-20. doi:10.2147/rmhp.S98311\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWong, L. P., Shakir, S. M., Atefi, N., \u0026amp; AbuBakar, S. (2015). Factors affecting dengue prevention practices: nationwide survey of the Malaysian public. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One, 10\u003c/em\u003e(4), e0122890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122890\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Dengue fever, University students, Bangladesh, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, KAP","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5089981/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5089981/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInadequate knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on dengue fever (DF) can substantially affect vulnerable people like Bangladeshi university students because of their living status. However, it has never been explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of KAP regarding DF among university students of Bangladesh.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMethods\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024 among 671 university students through convenient sampling. All statistical analysis was performed at 0.05 α level and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was checked to certain the Goodness of fit of the logistic regression models.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4% of university students had good knowledge on DF and 35.9% had good practice on DF in spite of having higher attitude level (72.28%). Knowledge (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2\u0026ndash;2.5) and attitude (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2\u0026ndash;2.5) were positively associated among participants who had dengue related subjects. Participants who faced dengue cases among their family members (aOR:1.7, 95%CI: 1.2\u0026ndash;2.4) had significant level of preventive practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConclusions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall knowledge and practice level were poor among university students. Awareness regarding dengue fever should be created among university students. In addition, knowledge and attitude should be converted to preventive practices among these vulnerable groups.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Dengue Fever among University Students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-17 10:49:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5089981/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"74999e60-01f2-41c1-a140-8dba65ed7a15","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 17th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":37631165,"name":"General Practice"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-11T04:23:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-17 10:49:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5089981","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5089981","identity":"rs-5089981","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}