Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Mortality, Echocardiographic, and Strain Outcomes

Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Mortality, Echocardiographic, and Strain Outcomes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Mortality, Echocardiographic, and Strain Outcomes Roslan Aslannif, Si Ling Soh, Yee Sin Tey, Am Haris Norhaliza, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Cardiovascular Ultrasound → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction [EF] ≤35%) undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are considered high-risk patients. This study evaluated contemporary outcomes in such patients undergoing SAVR for severe aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR) and identified clinical and echocardiographic predictors of mortality. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 84 patients (>18 years) with EF ≤35% who underwent SAVR between 2015 and 2024. The cohort comprised 53 patients with AS and 31 with AR. Clinical, echocardiographic, and myocardial strain data were collected before and 6 months after SAVR. Mortality data were obtained from national registries, with follow-up through March 2025. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify mortality predictors. Results: Median EF was 28% in AS and 31.1% in AR. Patients with AR were significantly younger than those with AS (44 vs. 63 years, p <0.001). In-hospital mortality for AS was 9.4%, increasing to 13.2% at 1 year and 43.4% at 55 months. Patients with AR showed no in-hospital deaths and 32.3% mortality at 55 months. Eight-year survival was 38.7% in patients with AS and 43.1% in patients with AR. In AS, hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.46, p = 0.012) and preoperative velocity time integral (HR = 0.97, p = 0.006) predicted mortality. In AR, only length of hospital stay (HR = 1.13, p = 0.017) was predictive. Conclusion: SAVR in severe LV dysfunction offers favorable medium-term survival, with clinical factors guiding prognosis. Trial Registration: Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025). severe left ventricle dysfunction severe aortic stenosis severe aortic regurgitation strain mortality Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Background Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an established treatment for severe aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR). 1 When left untreated, both conditions lead to deterioration of left ventricular (LV) function through different pathophysiological mechanisms: AS primarily increases afterload, whereas AR increases both preload and afterload. 2 In patients with severe LV dysfunction, defined as an ejection fraction (EF) < 35%, intraoperative mortality remains high for both AS (10–25%) and AR (10–15%). 3–5 Owing to this perceived high risk, the proportion of patients offered aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains very low. 6 This study focused exclusively on patients with pure severe AS and AR with EF < 35%, examining their in-hospital outcomes, 1-year survival, and medium-term follow-up extending to 55 months (median 4.6 years), to determine whether mortality rates have improved since previous studies. 3 – 5 A unique aspect of this investigation is the comprehensive echocardiographic assessment, which includes not only EF but also stroke volume index (SVi), flow rate, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left atrial reservoir strain (LArS), measured both before SAVR and 6 months after SAVR. This allowed us to demonstrate distinct patterns between severe AS and severe AR. Therefore, we aimed to identify correlations between clinical and echocardiographic parameters and overall mortality and determine whether any of these parameters serve as independent predictors of outcomes. Methods Inclusion and exclusion criteria We conducted a retrospective review of all adults (aged > 18 years) who underwent SAVR at our center between 2015 and 2024. The etiology of AS or AR was determined using preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and 6-month postoperative TTE. Our study population was limited to patients with either pure severe AS or pure severe AR, both accompanied by significant LV dysfunction, defined as an EF ≤ 35%. We excluded patients with complex congenital heart disease (except for bicuspid, unicuspid, and quadricuspid aortic valves), mixed aortic valve disease, and inadequate imaging quality for accurate interpretation. Echocardiographic and strain analysis We analyzed echocardiographic data from three time points: preoperative TTE, intraoperative TEE, and 6-month postoperative TTE. The etiology of AS and AR was determined through a comprehensive review of all echocardiographic and surgical reports. Only studies with adequate image quality suitable for strain analysis were included, with strain measurements performed retrospectively using Philips Ultrasound Workspace software. Conventional echocardiographic parameters assessed from preoperative and postoperative TTE included LV outflow tract velocity time integral, SVi, aortic valve velocity time integral, EF, flow rate, peak velocity, mean aortic valve pressure gradient (mean PG), peak aortic valve pressure gradient (peak PG), dimensionless index (DVI), aortic valve area index, and acceleration time to ejection time ratio. Strain measurements included GLS, LArS, left atrial booster strain, left atrial contractile strain, right ventricular free-wall strain (RVFWS), and right ventricular GLS. Data Collection and Outcomes Mortality data were obtained from the Malaysian Registration Department and electronic medical records (EMR) through March 31, 2025, with additional clinical variables extracted from the EMR. We assessed relationships between baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables, including myocardial strain parameters, and all-cause mortality using univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, we evaluated whether absolute values and the magnitude of change in echocardiographic and strain parameters from baseline to 6 months after AVR were associated with overall mortality. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. This study was approved by the Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025). Statistical Analysis Demographics and baseline characteristics were summarized as frequencies with percentages for categorical variables and as median with interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables with non-normal distribution. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square test for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables due to data skewness. Two-way mixed analysis of variance was used to compare mean differences between groups based on within-participant and between-participant factors. When interaction terms were present, univariate general linear models were performed to compare means across different groups for each preoperative and postoperative variable. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to visualize cumulative survival probability over time, with log-rank tests used to compare survival between severe AR and severe AS groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed separately for the severe AS and severe AR groups to identify predictors of all-cause mortality. Variables with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate models using forward stepwise selection, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant in the final model. Results were reported as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The cohort comprised 84 patients: 53 with severe AS and 31 with severe AR, all with LV EF ≤ 35%. Median EF was 28.0% in the severe AS group and 31.1% in the severe AR group. Patients with severe AR were significantly younger, with a median age of 44 years (IQR, 38–56), than those with severe AS, whose median age was 63 years (IQR, 58–69) [ p < 0.001]. Men were predominant in both groups. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 days (IQR, 7–13.5) for severe AS and 8 days (IQR, 7–10) for severe AR. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in both groups. Isolated AVR was performed in 69.8% (n = 37) of patients with severe AS and 48.4% (n = 15) of those with severe AR. In the severe group, hypertension ( p < 0.001), diabetes ( p = 0.013), and higher preoperative creatinine levels ( p = 0.001) were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. No clinical predictors were significantly associated with mortality in the severe AR group. Strain imaging showed lower median values in severe AS than in severe AR: GLS, -6.80% (IQR, -4.65 to -8.75) vs. -8.80% (IQR, -6.90 to -10.20); LArS, 7.10% (IQR, 5.40–13.80) vs. 11.90% (IQR, 8.10–17.40); and RVFWS, -12.60% (IQR, -8.15 to -18.20) vs. −12.90% (IQR, -9.30 to -17.80). EF was not associated with mortality in either group. Among patients with severe AS, higher mortality was associated with lower aortic valve velocity–time integral (VTI; p = 0.004), lower peak velocity ( p = 0.005), lower mean pressure gradient ( p = 0.007), lower peak pressure gradient ( p = 0.005), and higher DVI ( p = 0.003). In contrast, echocardiographic and strain parameters were not associated with mortality in the severe AR group (Table I). In-hospital mortality for severe AS was 9.4% (n = 5), increasing to 13.2% (n = 7) at 1 year and 43.4% (n = 23) at 55 months (median, 4.6 years). Therefore, 56.6% (30 of 53) of patients with severe AS and EF ≤ 35% remained alive nearly 5 years after surgery. In the severe AR group, no in-hospital deaths occurred. One-year mortality was 3.2% (n = 1), increasing to 32.3% (n = 10) at 55 months, with 67.7% (21 of 31) of patients alive at follow-up (Fig. 1 ). The three most common etiologies of severe AS were degenerative bicuspid valve disease (60.4%, n = 32), degenerative tricuspid valve disease (32.1%, n = 17), and rheumatic disease (3.8%, n = 2). In severe AR, the leading causes were aortic root dilatation (29.0%, n = 9), prolapsed fused bicuspid valve leaflets (22.6%, n = 7), and right coronary cusp prolapse and rheumatic disease (9.7% each, n = 3) [Figure 2 ]. At 6 months after AVR, patients with severe AS showed considerable improvement in several echocardiographic parameters: SVi increased from 25.96 ± 9.12 to 32.75 ± 12.85 mL/m² ( p < 0.001); EF improved from 27.73 ± 5.88% to 36.23 ± 9.46% ( p < 0.001); and flow rate increased from 150.15 ± 51.86 to 237.55 ± 91.49 mL/s ( p < 0.001). However, RVFWS decreased from − 13.61 ± 6.89% to -9.71 ± 5.13% ( p = 0.027). GLS (-7.08 ± 3.40% to -9.49 ± 2.96%, p = 0.232) and LArS (10.37 ± 8.37% to 12.51 ± 4.27%, p = 0.441) showed numerical improvements but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, patients with severe AR demonstrated a different postoperative pattern. EF remained stable, with a non-significant reduction from 29.72 ± 4.85% to 28.62 ± 7.58% ( p = 0.187). However, SVi significantly decreased from 65.97 ± 17.59 to 42.66 ± 14.85 mL/m² ( p < 0.001), and flow rate declined from 409.00 ± 126.86 to 336.32 ± 111.43 mL/s ( p = 0.008). Strain parameters, GLS (-8.00 ± 3.13% to -7.50 ± 3.07%, p = 0.225), LArS (12.50 ± 6.29% to 17.47 ± 14.19%, p = 0.648), and RVFWS (-13.04 ± 7.34% to -10.47 ± 5.79%, p = 0.38), did not show significant change. Importantly, neither the magnitude of preoperative to postoperative change nor the absolute values of echocardiographic parameters were associated with mortality in either group (Tables II and III and Fig. 3 ). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed an 8-year survival probability of 38.7% for severe AS and 43.1% for severe AR (Fig. 4 ). For severe AS, the presence of hypertension was an independent predictor of overall mortality, conferring a 6.5-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 6.46, p = 0.012) than in those without hypertension. Additionally, a higher preoperative VTI was independently associated with a 3% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR = 0.97, p = 0.006). In patients with severe AR, a longer postoperative hospital stay was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.13, p = 0.017) [Tables IV and V]. Discussion Patients with severe AS were considerably older than those with severe AR, which may partially account for the worse mortality outcomes observed at all time-points. Hospital length of stay was comparable between the groups, with patients with severe AS staying only 1 day longer than those with severe AR (9 vs. 8 days, respectively). Although previous studies have predominantly focused on EF, 2 – 8 our findings demonstrated comprehensive impairment across all strain parameters. Both patients with severe AS and AR exhibited markedly reduced GLS values in the single digits, severely diminished LArS, indicative of elevated left atrial filling pressures, and substantially reduced RVFWS. These findings suggest that when EF declines below 35%, both left atrial and right ventricular functions become substantially compromised. Despite these pronounced abnormalities, none of the strain parameters demonstrated prognostic significance in either patient group. Similarly, neither before nor after SAVR EF values were associated with overall mortality in either cohort. In contrast, and consistent with prior investigations, 9 lower peak velocity, peak PG, and mean PG were associated with increased mortality risk in patients with severe AS. Notably, in patients with severe AR, none of the evaluated echocardiographic parameters demonstrated prognostic value for mortality outcomes. In patients with severe AS, general operative mortality in unselected populations is typically 2–8%. 10 However, as discussed in the Introduction, mortality rates increase substantially in patients with reduced EF, ranging from 10–25%. Our observed in-hospital mortality rate of 9.4% compares favorably with the rate in previous studies, 4 , 11 whereas the 1-year mortality rate reached 13.2%. This increased to 43.4% at a median follow-up of 4.6 years, aligning with the 5-year mortality rate of 42% reported by Connolly et al. 4 Importantly, these surgical outcomes were significantly better than those of patients who did not undergo SAVR, with 1-year mortality of 59% vs. 13.2% and 5-year mortality of 85% vs. 43.4%, 12 highlighting the critical importance of surgical intervention. Similarly, impressive outcomes were observed in patients with severe AR. Although previous studies reported concerning mortality rates for severe AR with reduced EF, Chaliki et al. reported a 14% in-hospital mortality for patients with EF < 35%, and Sharony et al. found an 11.1% rate for EF < 40%; however, our study achieved exceptional results, with zero in-hospital deaths. 5 , 13 At 1 year, the mortality rate in the severe AR group was remarkably low at 3.2%, compared with 12% reported by Kamath et al. Although mortality increased to 32.3% at 4.6 years, this closely aligns with the 5-year mortality rates of 30% reported by both Sharony et al. and Kamath et al. 13 , 14 The benefits of surgical intervention in severe AR were equally compelling. Non-surgical patients experienced 1-year mortality rates of 35% vs. 3.2% and 5-year mortality rates of 63% vs. 32.3%. 14 The urgency of timely intervention was further emphasized by Fielder et al., who reported a mean survival of only 6 months for patients with severe AR without surgical intervention. 6 These stark differences underscore the life-saving potential of appropriate surgical management in patients with severe AS or AR with reduced EF. Regarding the underlying etiologies, there is limited literature examining the mechanisms of AR in detail. The most comprehensive study identified was that of Chaliki et al., who reported degenerative disease, bicuspid valve, and aortic root dilatation as the three most common causes. 5 In comparison, our cohort revealed a different pattern, with root dilatation, prolapsed fused leaflets, and prolapsed right coronary cusp or rheumatic disease as the predominant etiologies. These differences suggest potential regional or temporal variations in disease patterns, warranting further investigation. Postoperative echocardiographic recovery patterns differed markedly between patients with severe AS and those with severe AR. Among patients with severe AS, EF improved by 8.5 percentage points at 6 months after SAVR, demonstrating rapid functional recovery, consistent with prior findings showing a 12-point improvement at 14 months 4 . Although previous studies suggest that a > 15% improvement in SVi may have prognostic value, our cohort showed a remarkable 26.1% improvement in SVi, nearly normalizing values despite severe LV dysfunction at baseline. 15 However, no significant association was observed between SVi or its degree of improvement and overall clinical outcomes. Notably, our study is the first to demonstrate normalization of flow rates 6 months after SAVR, introducing this relatively new metric—traditionally used in assessing AS severity—into the postoperative recovery literature. Strain parameters showed mixed responses: both GLS and LArS increased numerically but these changes did not reach statistical significance. Notably, RVFWS significantly worsened at 6 months, consistent with prior studies describing the adverse impact of pericardial incision on right ventricular function during cardiac surgery. 16 In contrast, patients with severe AR exhibited a distinctly different recovery trajectory. Six months after SAVR, EF did not improve significantly, although previous studies have demonstrated delayed EF recovery even in patients with EF < 35%. 5,6,7,8 We hypothesized that EF recovery following AVR for AR may require a longer timeframe compared to AVR for AS, likely reflecting the distinct pathophysiological adaptation required after relief of volume overload rather than pressure overload. 2 Although GLS is increasingly used as a supplementary parameter in determining the timing of intervention in AS and AR, prior studies have not focused specifically on patients with severe LV dysfunction. 17 – 20 In line with our findings in patients with AS, patients with AR showed no significant changes in GLS or LArS. Notably, unlike in AS, RVFWS did not significantly change in the AR group. Most importantly, none of the key echocardiographic parameters, including EF, SVi, flow rate, GLS, LArS, and RVFWS, measured either preoperatively or at 6 months after SAVR, were associated with overall clinical outcomes. These findings challenge conventional assumptions regarding the prognostic utility of commonly monitored parameters in patients with severe LV dysfunction. Extended echocardiographic follow-up is essential to determine whether these relationships remain absent over time or whether delayed or subtle recovery patterns emerge. In our comprehensive analysis of clinical and echocardiographic predictors of mortality, several notable and condition-specific findings emerged. In the AS cohort, hypertension was identified as a strong and independent predictor of mortality, conferring a 6.5-fold increased risk of all-cause death. This highlights the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and optimal blood pressure control in this high-risk subgroup. Unexpectedly, a higher preoperative VTI was independently associated with a 3% reduction in mortality risk. This novel finding is particularly intriguing, as VTI has not previously been recognized as a prognostic marker in AS. 9 , 21 Its clinical significance remains uncertain and warrants further exploration in larger studies. By contrast, the predictive landscape for patients with severe AR revealed a different risk factor. A longer postoperative hospital stay was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, likely reflecting the complexity of recovery, the presence of complications, or underlying patient frailty necessitating extended hospitalization. This finding underscores the importance of optimizing perioperative care and identifying factors that contribute to prolonged recovery in patients with AR and reduced EF. These differential predictive patterns between the AS and AR populations highlight the distinct pathophysiological processes and recovery trajectories inherent to each condition, suggesting that risk stratification strategies should be tailored specifically to the underlying valve pathology and its associated hemodynamic consequences. Study Limitations Our study has some limitations. First, the retrospective study design limits our ability to establish causation, as observed associations may reflect correlation instead of true causal relationships. Second, the sample size was relatively small owing to the limited number of patients with severe aortic valve disease and significant LV dysfunction who were offered surgical intervention, highlighting the need for larger prospective multicenter studies to validate these findings. Third, echocardiographic follow-up was limited to 6 months postoperatively, which may not fully capture cardiac remodeling and functional recovery, as some beneficial changes following AVR may require longer periods to manifest. Future studies with extended follow-up periods and larger patient cohorts are needed to provide more robust evidence regarding the prognostic value of strain parameters in this high-risk population. Conclusion In patients with severe AS and AR with an EF ≤ 35%, GLS is markedly impaired, accompanied by considerable dysfunction in left atrial and right ventricular parameters. Despite these profound echocardiographic abnormalities, neither EF nor GLS demonstrated prognostic value for predicting overall mortality. Notably, surgical intervention was associated with favorable operative mortality rates and superior long-term outcomes compared with conservative management, reinforcing the benefits of timely surgical intervention in this high-risk population. Abbreviations AR aortic regurgitation AS aortic stenosis AVR aortic valve replacement DVI dimensionless index EF ejection fraction EMR electronic medical record GLS global longitudinal strain HR hazard ratio IJN Institut Jantung Negara IQR interquartile range LArS left atrial reservoir strain LV left ventricle/left ventricular PG pressure gradient MeanPG mean pressure gradient PeakPG peak pressure gradient RVFWS right ventricular free-wall strain SAVR surgical aortic valve replacement SVi stroke volume index TTE transthoracic echocardiography VTI velocity–time integral. Declarations All manuscripts must contain the following sections under the heading 'Declarations': Ethics approval and consent to participate This retrospective observational study did not involve any interventions or patient identification procedures. Consequently, informed consent was waived, and ethical approval was obtained from the Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025). Consent for publication Not Applicable Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Funding No funding was received for the conduct of this research or the preparation of the manuscript. The Institut Jantung Negara Foundation will cover the open-access publication fees and provide support for travel and accommodation expenses related to conference presentations. Authors' contributions RA: Study design and methodology development. Formulation of research questions and hypotheses. Final writing and editing and final approval of manuscript for submission; SLS: Data collection, organization, and management; YST: Patient recruitment and follow-up; AHN: Literature review and reference compilation; TJ: Resource management and funding acquisition; LMW: Creation of figures, tables, and graphics. Data visualization and illustration design; KSC: Review and editing of manuscript; KBW: Quality control and validation of datasets; DJ: Research team leadership and coordination; MYA: Mentoring of junior researchers; MGA: Critical review of results and conclusions Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Ms. Maizatu Akma Sulong for her invaluable assistance with the statistical analysis. We also acknowledge the Institut Jantung Negara Foundation for its generous financial support, which enabled the open-access publication of this research. References Çelik M, Durko AP, Bekkers JA, Oei FBS, Mahtab EAF, Bogers AJJC. Outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement over three decades. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022;164(6):1742–e17518. Wenn P, Zeltser R. In: StatPearls, editor. Aortic valve disease. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. O'Toole JD, Geiser EA, Reddy PS, Curtiss EI, Landfair RM. Effect of preoperative ejection fraction on survival and hemodynamic improvement following aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 1978;58(6):1175–84. Connolly HM, Oh JK, Orszulak TA, et al. Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic indicators. Circulation. 1997;95(10):2395–400. Chaliki HP, Mohty D, Avierinos JF, et al. Outcomes after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and markedly reduced left ventricular function. Circulation. 2002;106(21):2687–93. Fiedler AG, Bhambhani V, Laikhter E, et al. Aortic valve replacement associated with survival in severe regurgitation and low ejection fraction. Heart. 2018;104(10):835–40. Sionis A, García-Alvarez A, Castel MA, et al. Severe aortic regurgitation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement and combined surgery. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2010;29(4):445–8. Kaneko T, Ejiofor JI, Neely RC, et al. 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Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters of the study population Variable All patients, N = 84 Severe AS, n = 53 Severe AR, n = 31 All patients with severe AS Alive, n = 30 Died, n = 23 p -value a All patients with severe AR Alive, n = 21 Died, n = 10 p -value a Clinical and perioperative characteristics Age (years) Median (Q1, Q3) 59.00 (47.25, 66.75) 63.00 (58.00, 69.00) 64.00 (57.75, 69.50) 62.00 (58.00, 69.00) 0.602 44.00 (38.00, 56.00) 41.00 (36.50, 55.50) 46.50 (40.00, 57.75) 0.582 Sex, n (%) Male 62 (73.8) 34 (64.2) 16 (53.3) 18 (78.3) 0.061 28 (90.3) 18 (85.7) 10 (100.0) 0.209 Female 22 (26.2) 19 (35.8) 14 (46.7) 5 (21.7) 3 (9.7) 3 (14.3) 0 Hypertension, n (%) Yes 52 (61.9) 35 (66.0) 14 (46.7) 21 (91.3) <0.001 17 (54.8) 10 (47.6) 7 (70.0) 0.242 No 32 (38.1) 18 (34.0) 16 (53.3) 2 (8.7) 14 (45.2) 11 (52.4) 3 (30.0) Diabetes mellitus, n (%) Yes 27 (32.1) 20 (37.7) 7 (23.3) 13 (56.5) 0.013 7 (22.6) 5 (23.8) 2 (20.0) 0.813 No 57 (67.9) 33 (62.3) 23 (76.7) 10 (43.5) 24 (77.4) 16 (76.2) 8 (80.0) Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) Yes 47 (56.0) 29 (54.7) 15 (50.0) 14 (60.9) 0.431 18 (58.1) 12 (57.1) 6 (60.0) 0.880 No 37 (44.0) 24 (45.3) 15 (50.0) 9 (39.1) 13 (41.9) 9 (42.9) 4 (40.0) Hemoglobin Median (Q1, Q3) 13.65 (12.50, 15.05) 13.10 (12.30, 14.15) 13.25 (11.70, 14.83) 13.10 (12.60, 14.00) 0.971 14.70 (13.40, 15.50) 14.70 (13.30, 15.65) 14.60 (13.75, 15.30) 0.949 Creatinine level (µmol/L) Median (Q1, Q3) 96.50 (81.50, 117.00) 89.50 (80.00, 117.25) 84.00 (76.50, 93.00) 112.50 (91.75, 175.25) 0.001 106.00 (90.75, 117.75) 107.00 (81.50, 121.50) 105.00 (95.50, 111.50) 0.850 Urea (mmol/L) Median (Q1, Q3) 5.95 (4.63, 8.28) 5.70 (4.75, 8.25) 5.60 (4.38, 7.98) 6.10 (5.10, 10.80) 0.184 6.20 (4.50, 8.30) 6.20 (4.40, 9.65) 6.05 (5.20, 8.08) 0.816 Postoperative length of stay (days) Median (Q1, Q3) 9.00 (7.00, 12.75) 9.00 (7.00, 13.50) 9.00 (7.00, 11.50) 12.00 (6.00, 16.00) 0.534 8.00 (7.00, 10.00) 8.00 (7.00, 9.50) 10.00 (8.00, 12.25) 0.070 Surgical procedure performed, n (%) AVR 52 (61.9) 37 (69.8) 21 (70.0) 16 (69.6) 0.444 15 (48.4) 11 (52.4) 4 (40.0) 0.189 DVR 7 (8.3) 5 (9.4) 4 (13.3) 1 (4.3) 2 (6.5) 2 (9.5) 0 AVR and root replacement 10 (11.9) 0 0 0 10 (32.3) 5 (23.8) 5 (50.0) AVR and CABG 12 (14.3) 9 (17.0) 4 (13.3) 5 (21.7) 3 (9.7) 3 (14.3) 0 CABG and DVR 2 (2.4) 1 (1.9) 0 1 (4.3) 1 (3.2) 0 1 (10.0) AVR and MV repair 1 (1.2) 1 (1.9) 1 (3.3) 0 0 0 0 Valve type, n (%) Biological 28 (33.3) 23 (43.4) 16 (53.3) 7 (30.4) 0.096 5 (16.1) 4 (19.0) 1 (10.0) 0.522 Mechanical 56 (66.7) 30 (56.6) 14 (46.7) 16 (69.6) 26 (83.9) 17 (81.0) 9 (90.0) Leaflet morphology TEE, n (%) Trileaflet 38 (45.2) 18 (34.0) 4 (13.3) 14 (60.9) 0.003 20 (64.5) 13 (61.9) 7 (70.0) 0.660 Bicuspid 43 (51.2) 32 (60.4) 23 (76.7) 9 (39.1) 11 (35.5) 8 (38.1) 3 (30.0) Unicuspid 1 (1.2) 1 (1.9) 1 (3.3) 0 0 0 0 Unable to tell 2 (2.4) 2 (3.8) 2 (6.7) 0 0 0 0 Pre-operative echocardiography LVOT VTI Median (Q1, Q3) 15.20 (11.74, 20.10) 12.82 (10.25, 15.45) 12.85 (9.93, 14.93) 12.82 (11.30, 15.70) 0.615 21.20 (17.70, 25.60) 20.10 (17.20, 25.65) 24.20 (20.48, 25.65) 0.263 SVI Median (Q1, Q3) 31.02 (23.10, 56.14) 25.57 (20.14, 30.51) 26.22 (21.27, 33.11) 23.32 (17.48, 30.04) 0.258 67.32 (52.42, 79.48) 66.89 (46.41, 76.28) 71.18 (56.64, 84.95) 0.128 AV VTI Median (Q1, Q3) 74.20 (39.21, 98.98) 94.40 (74.55, 112.00) 102.35 (85.63, 124.28) 81.80 (66.10, 96.10) 0.004 34.60 (32.50, 41.90) 37.70 (33.20, 43.40) 34.25 (30.40, 43.33) 0.499 EF Median (Q1, Q3) 29.95 (25.00, 33.10) 28.00 (24.50, 32.85) 26.83 (21.70, 32.18) 28.00 (26.00, 33.10) 0.158 31.10 (25.00, 34.00) 31.12 (24.10, 34.40) 30.50 (25.62, 33.25) 0.816 Flow rate Median (Q1, Q3) 173.48 (135.52, 347.26) 142.28 (122.03, 166.69) 141.08 (123.90, 174.78) 144.88 (109.62, 165.62) 0.641 403.90 (296.49, 495.31) 399.06 (262.97, 514.05) 452.13 (345.26, 504.25) 0.291 Peak velocity Median (Q1, Q3) 3.29 (1.84, 4.41) 4.06 (3.40, 5.05) 4.46 (3.90, 5.48) 3.60 (2.80, 4.36) 0.005 1.78 (1.61, 2.04) 1.79 (1.63, 2.05) 1.69 (1.57, 1.99) 0.352 Mean PG Median (Q1, Q3) 24.00 (7.23, 49.00) 41.14 (25.50, 62.20) 54.61 (36.50, 66.70) 33.00 (19.00, 43.58) 0.007 6.10 (5.50, 9.00) 6.20 (5.75, 9.33) 6.00 (4.88, 7.50) 0.434 Peak PG Median (Q1, Q3) 43.00 (13.60, 77.49) 66.00 (46.00, 102.00) 79.39 (60.60, 120.14) 52.00 (31.00, 76.00) 0.005 13.00 (10.00, 16.60) 13.00 (10.70, 16.80) 11.50 (9.98, 16.03) 0.385 DVI Median (Q1, Q3) 0.18 (0.12, 0.46) 0.13 (0.11, 0.17) 0.11 (0.10, 0.14) 0.15 (0.12, 0.23) 0.003 0.61 (0.45, 0.78) 0.58 (0.45, 0.75) 0.64 (0.46, 0.87) 0.331 AVAi Median (Q1, Q3) 0.39 (0.24, 1.41) 0.28 (0.19, 0.37) 0.26 (0.19, 0.35) 0.31 (0.19, 0.42) 0.209 1.72 (1.27, 2.39) 1.53 (1.13, 2.34) 2.00 (1.62, 2.41) 0.128 AT/ET Median (Q1, Q3) 0.39 (0.34, 0.45) 0.44 (0.38, 0.47) 0.44 (0.41, 0.47) 0.40 (0.35, 0.49) 0.298 0.35 (0.30, 0.39) 0.35 (0.29, 0.38) 0.35 (0.33, 0.40) 0.447 GLS Median (Q1, Q3) 7.45 (5.00, 9.35) 6.80 (4.65, 8.75) 5.65 (4.45, 8.83) 6.80 (5.40, 8.65) 0.385 8.80 (6.90, 10.20) 9.30 (6.15, 10.18) 7.50 (7.40, -) 0.759 LArS Median (Q1, Q3) 8.25 (5.73, 15.38) 7.10 (5.40, 13.80) 7.00 (5.55, 13.05) 8.40 (3.50, 14.75) 0.903 11.90 (8.10, 17.40) 13.65 (9.25, 17.35) 8.10 (7.40, -) 0.540 LAbS Median (Q1, Q3) 4.20 (1.00, 6.40) 3.90 (1.05, 7.25) 3.70 (1.20, 6.13) 4.20 (0.85, 9.25) 0.984 4.20 (0.90, 6.40) 4.20 (0.40, 6.95) 5.30 (0.90, -) 0.838 LAcS Median (Q1, Q3) 4.50 (2.73, 8.48) 3.60 (2.50, 6.00) 3.55 (1.95, 5.75) 3.90 (2.90, 7.45) 0.374 8.80 (7.10, 12.20) 8.40 (7.25, 11.25) 12.20 (6.60, -) 0.540 RVFWS Median (Q1, Q3) 12.75 (8.65, 17.80) 12.60 (8.15, 18.20) 12.90 (7.93, 17.00) 11.10 (7.45, 20.65) 0.872 12.90 (9.30, 17.80) 14.75 (5.10, 17.80) 9.50 (9.30, -) 0.838 RVGLS Median (Q1, Q3) 8.70 (6.10, 12.70) 8.60 (5.95, 12.20) 8.40 (6.10, 11.33) 8.80 (5.10, 13.75) 0.628 10.10 (6.40, 14.40) 10.65 (3.75, 14.03) 7.60 (6.40, -) 1.000 Note: a Analyses of continuous variables were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Abbreviations: AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV, aortic valve; AVAi, aortic valve area index; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; DVI, Doppler velocity index; DVR, double valve replacement; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MV, mitral valve; PG, pressure gradient; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; VTI, velocity–time integral. Table II. Preoperative and postop erative echocardiography and strain parameters in patients with severe AS, stratified by mortality status (n = 53) Characteristics Pre-/Post-procedure Total Mortality p -value (Interaction effect) a Main effect p -value (Simple main effect) d Alive Died p -value (Pre-post) b p -value (Mortality) c LVOT VTI Pre 12.97 ± 3.57 12.63 ± 3.65 13.49 ± 3.47 0.343 <0.001 0.065 Post 16.21 ± 4.33 15.30 ± 3.52 17.65 ± 5.14 SVI Pre 25.96 ± 9.12 27.40 ± 10.12 23.68 ± 6.91 0.557 <0.001 0.336 Post 32.75 ± 12.85 33.40 ± 12.60 31.74 ± 13.53 AV VTI Pre 96.25 ± 30.81 106.01 ± 31.20 80.86 ± 23.53 0.005 0.004 Post 37.24 ± 10.02 36.78 ± 8.36 37.98 ± 12.41 0.688 EF Pre 27.73 ± 5.88 26.72 ± 6.20 29.34 ± 5.09 0.637 <0.001 0.078 Post 36.23 ± 9.46 34.70 ± 8.55 38.64 ± 10.52 Flow rate Pre 150.15 ± 51.86 156.58 ± 60.12 140.00 ± 34.22 0.432 <0.001 0.151 Post 237.55 ± 91.49 251.43 ± 89.76 215.63 ± 92.27 Peak velocity Pre 4.24 ± 1.15 4.60 ± 1.13 3.68 ± 0.97 0.014 0.004 Post 2.27 ± 0.55 2.30 ± 0.50 2.22 ± 0.64 0.599 Mean PG Pre 46.91 ± 25.47 54.63 ± 26.16 34.72 ± 19.24 0.008 0.004 Post 11.26 ± 4.80 11.65 ± 4.34 10.66 ± 5.52 0.491 Peak PG Pre 77.00 ± 40.66 89.25 ± 41.83 57.65 ± 30.75 0.007 0.004 Post 21.77 ± 10.16 22.19 ± 9.51 21.10 ± 11.34 0.717 DVI Pre 0.15 ± 0.06 0.13 ± 0.05 0.18 ± 0.07 0.871 <0.001 0.005 Post 0.45 ± 0.12 0.43 ± 0.11 0.49 ± 0.13 AVAi Pre 0.29 ± 0.10 0.27 ± 0.10 0.31 ± 0.11 0.331 <0.001 0.950 Post 0.92 ± 0.34 0.94 ± 0.34 0.89 ± 0.35 AT/ET Pre 0.42 ± 0.07 0.44 ± 0.06 0.40 ± 0.08 0.275 <0.001 0.005 Post 0.35 ± 0.07 0.37 ± 0.07 0.31 ± 0.06 GLS Pre 7.08 ± 3.40 7.00 ± 3.71 7.31 ± 2.28 0.751 0.232 0.588 Post 9.49 ± 2.96 9.28 ± 3.05 10.16 ± 2.73 LArS Pre 10.37 ± 8.37 10.35 ± 8.69 10.46 ± 7.89 0.637 0.441 0.672 Post 12.51 ± 4.27 12.95 ± 4.48 11.09 ± 3.38 LAbS Pre 5.48 ± 5.38 5.68 ± 5.65 4.83 ± 4.73 0.854 0.236 0.658 Post 7.23 ± 3.60 7.29 ± 3.88 7.03 ± 2.69 LAcS Pre 5.11 ± 4.35 4.92 ± 4.54 5.73 ± 3.92 0.254 0.667 0.759 Post 5.30 ± 3.10 5.67 ± 3.09 4.07 ± 3.05 RVFWS Pre 13.61 ± 6.89 13.37 ± 6.60 14.39 ± 8.29 0.790 0.027 0.789 Post 9.71 ± 5.13 9.70 ± 5.07 9.76 ± 5.75 RVGLS Pre 9.20 ± 4.46 8.88 ± 4.24 10.24 ± 5.36 0.647 0.434 0.572 Post 8.51 ± 4.02 8.47 ± 4.00 8.67 ± 4.44 Note: p -values were calculated using a two-way mixed ANOVA with within-participant factors (time points: pre- vs. post-immediate surgery) and between-participant factors (mortality: alive vs. died). This analysis was performed to evaluate whether the pattern of change from pre- to post-immediate surgery (the within-participant factor) differed between patients who eventually survived and those who died. p -value a (interaction effect) : Indicates whether the magnitude or direction of the mean difference in the dependent variable (echocardiographic and strain parameters) over time (from pre- to post-immediate surgery) differs according to the patient’s survival outcome (alive vs. died). p -value b (main effect of time): Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between the pre- and post-immediate surgery time points, irrespective of survival outcome. p -value c (main effect of survival outcome): Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died, irrespective of time point (pre- or post-immediate surgery). p -value d (simple main effect): Reported only when a significant interaction effect is observed. Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died at each time point (pre- and post-immediate surgery, assessed separately). Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV, aortic valve; AVAi, indexed aortic valve area; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index; VTI, velocity-time integral. Table III. Preoperative and postop erative echocardiography and strain analysis in patients with severe AR according to mortality status (n = 31) Variable Pre-/Post procedure Total Mortality p -value (Interaction effect) a Main effect p -value (Simple main effect) d Alive Died p -value (Pre-post) b p -value (Mortality) c LVOT VTI Pre 22.74 ± 6.64 22.50 ± 7.65 23.25 ± 4.04 0.566 <0.001 0.951 Post 14.90 ± 5.65 15.22 ± 5.98 14.24 ± 5.13 SVI Pre 65.97 ± 17.59 62.76 ± 18.06 72.72 ± 15.23 0.310 <0.001 0.230 Post 42.66 ± 14.85 42.33 ± 16.37 43.35 ± 11.79 AV VTI Pre 38.65 ± 12.37 39.56 ± 13.67 36.73 ± 9.40 0.783 0.041 0.472 Post 32.34 ± 7.56 32.75 ± 8.48 31.48 ± 5.41 EF Pre 29.72 ± 4.85 29.65 ± 5.32 29.85 ± 3.92 0.143 0.187 0.373 Post 28.62 ± 7.58 29.86 ± 8.49 26.00 ± 4.52 Flow rate Pre 409.00 ± 126.86 393.26 ± 138.55 442.07 ± 95.91 0.706 0.008 0.311 Post 336.32 ± 111.43 327.19 ± 124.29 355.40 ± 80.33 Peak velocity Pre 1.87 ± 0.52 1.92 ± 0.57 1.78 ± 0.39 0.390 0.026 0.732 Post 2.08 ± 0.35 2.07 ± 0.37 2.11 ± 0.32 Mean PG Pre 7.84 ± 5.66 8.39 ± 6.57 6.67 ± 2.94 0.498 0.119 0.502 Post 9.46 ± 3.20 9.49 ± 3.37 9.40 ± 2.98 Peak PG Pre 15.11 ± 10.58 15.98 ± 12.19 13.29 ± 6.11 0.436 0.124 0.679 Post 17.75 ± 5.75 17.59 ± 6.04 18.10 ± 5.39 DVI Pre 0.62 ± 0.19 0.60 ± 0.19 0.67 ± 0.20 0.319 0.002 0.700 Post 0.47 ± 0.18 0.48 ± 0.20 0.45 ± 0.13 AVAi Pre 1.82 ± 0.63 1.70 ± 0.64 2.06 ± 0.55 0.257 <0.001 0.222 Post 1.36 ± 0.48 1.34 ± 0.56 1.38 ± 0.27 AT/ET Pre 0.34 ± 0.07 0.34 ± 0.07 0.35 ± 0.07 0.999 0.001 0.410 Post 0.40 ± 0.06 0.39 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.06 GLS Pre 8.00 ± 3.13 7.80 ± 3.58 8.53 ± 1.88 0.086 0.225 0.382 Post 7.50 ± 3.07 8.53 ± 2.95 4.77 ± 1.08 LArS Pre 12.50 ± 6.29 12.93 ± 6.67 11.37 ± 6.27 0.136 0.648 0.179 Post 17.47 ± 14.19 21.55 ± 14.76 6.60 ± 0.26 LAbS Pre 4.25 ± 3.55 4.26 ± 3.95 4.20 ± 2.91 0.077 0.023 0.253 Post 8.95 ± 4.26 10.38 ± 3.98 5.17 ± 2.40 LAcS Pre 9.27 ± 4.30 8.73 ± 4.62 10.73 ± 3.63 0.141 0.376 0.349 Post 8.55 ± 10.80 11.21 ± 11.63 1.43 ± 2.22 RVFWS Pre 13.04 ± 7.34 12.96 ± 8.02 13.23 ± 6.64 0.915 0.380 0.989 Post 10.47 ± 5.79 10.58 ± 6.66 10.20 ± 3.48 RVGLS Pre 9.73 ± 5.56 9.43 ± 5.74 10.53 ± 6.15 0.634 0.388 0.986 Post 8.26 ± 4.41 8.54 ± 4.91 7.53 ± 3.44 Note: p -values were calculated using a two-way mixed ANOVA with within-participant factors (time points: pre- vs. post-immediate) and between-participant factors (mortality: alive vs. died). This analysis was conducted to assess whether the pattern of change from pre- to post-immediate surgery differed between patients who survived and those who died. p -value a (interaction effect) : Indicates whether the magnitude or direction of the mean difference in the dependent variable (echocardiographic and strain parameters) over time (from pre- to post-immediate surgery) differs based on survival outcome (alive vs. died). p -value b (main effect of time): Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between the pre- and post-immediate surgery time points, regardless of survival outcome. p -value c (main effect of survival outcome): Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died, regardless of time point (pre- or post-immediate surgery). p -value d (simple main effect): Reported only when a significant interaction effect is identified. Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died at each time point (pre- and post-immediate surgery, assessed separately). Abbreviations : ANOVA, analysis of variance; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area index; DVI, dimensionless valve index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index. Table IV. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with severe AS (n = 53) Variables Univariate Cox regression (95% CI) Multivariate Cox regression (95% CI) Forward stepwise method Unadjusted HR Lower Upper p -value Adjusted HR Lower Upper p -value Age (year) 1.01 0.96 1.06 0.736 Sex Female 1.00 Ref Male 2.32 0.86 6.27 0.098 Hypertension No 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref Yes 5.83 1.37 24.87 0.017 6.46 1.50 27.78 0.012 Diabetes mellitus No 1.00 Ref Yes 2.66 1.16 6.10 0.021 Hypercholesterolemia No 1.00 Ref Yes 1.91 0.82 4.43 0.134 Hemoglobin 0.90 0.71 1.14 0.389 Creatinine (µmol/L) 1.00 1.00 1.01 0.021 Urea (mmol/L) 1.14 0.99 1.31 0.076 Postoperative length of stay (days) 1.02 0.99 1.05 0.183 Valve type, n (%) Biological 1.00 Ref Mechanical 1.76 0.72 4.28 0.214 LVOT VTI 1.01 0.89 1.13 0.940 SVI 0.96 0.91 1.02 0.153 AV VTI 0.98 0.96 0.99 0.009 0.97 0.96 0.99 0.006 EF 1.03 0.96 1.12 0.397 Flow rate 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.183 Peak velocity 0.58 0.38 0.88 0.010 Mean PG 0.97 0.95 0.99 0.013 Peak PG 0.98 0.97 1.00 0.013 DVI 1245.15 2.91 - 0.021 AVAi 11.50 0.17 781.07 0.256 AT/ET 0.08 0 46.41 0.439 GLS 1.01 0.87 1.17 0.915 LArS 1.00 0.92 1.07 0.898 LAbS 1.00 0.89 1.13 0.976 LAcS 1.02 0.90 1.14 0.812 RVFWs 1.04 0.94 1.14 0.468 RVGLS 1.07 0.93 1.23 0.349 Interpretation from multivariate analysis Patients with hypertension had a 6.5-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with severe AS (HR = 6.46, p = 0.012). Higher AV VTI was associated with a 3% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.97, p = 0.006). Abbreviations : AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area indexed to body surface area; CI, confidence interval; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HR, hazard ratio; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; Ref, reference group; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index. Table V. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with severe AR (n = 31) Variables Univariate Cox regression (95% CI) Multivariate Cox regression (95% CI) Forward stepwise method Unadjusted HR Lower Upper p -value Adjusted HR Lower Upper p -value Age (year) 1.01 0.96 1.06 0.673 Sex Female 1.00 Ref Male 23.01 0 - 0.658 Hypertension No 1.00 Ref Yes 2.37 0.61 9.19 0.213 Diabetes mellitus No 1.00 Ref Yes 1.35 0.27 6.66 0.712 Hypercholesterolemia No 1.00 Ref Yes 0.77 0.21 2.75 0.682 Hemoglobin 0.87 0.57 1.34 0.540 Creatinine (µmol/L) 1.00 0.98 1.01 0.625 Urea (mmol/L) 1.05 0.83 1.33 0.696 Postoperative length of stay days) 1.13 1.02 1.25 0.017 1.13 1.02 1.25 0.017 Valve type, n (%) Biological 1.00 Ref Mechanical 1.44 0.18 11.72 0.734 LVOT VTI 1.09 0.97 1.23 0.134 SVI 1.03 0.99 1.07 0.211 AV VTI 0.99 0.94 1.04 0.606 EF 1.00 0.88 1.15 0.965 Flow rate 1.00 1.00 1.01 0.449 Peak velocity 0.69 0.21 2.25 0.536 Mean PG 0.95 0.83 1.09 0.471 Peak PG 0.98 0.92 1.04 0.493 DVI 9.58 0.33 276.74 0.188 AVAi 1.83 0.66 5.10 0.248 AT/ET 10.57 0 - 0.625 GLS 0.91 0.47 1.75 0.769 LArS 0.86 0.64 1.15 0.302 LAbS 0.96 0.68 1.34 0.801 LAcS 1.08 0.77 1.51 0.662 RVFWs 0.96 0.81 1.15 0.682 RVGLS 0.99 0.78 1.25 0.907 Interpretation from multivariate analysis A longer postoperative length of stay was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.13, p = 0.017). Abbreviations : AR, aortic regurgitation; AT/ET, acceleration time/ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area indexed; CI, confidence interval; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HR, hazard ratio; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; Ref, reference category; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.tif Graphical Abstracts Summary of study populations and results. This study included 84 patients in total: 53 with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and 31 with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and ejection fraction ≤ 35%. Echocardiographic and strain parameters were assessed before and at 6 months after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The median follow-up period was 55 months. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Cardiovascular Ultrasound → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7521462","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":514211844,"identity":"7c793b12-7413-495d-bc90-09a4c021470b","order_by":0,"name":"Roslan Aslannif","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACdgjFww8iEwqI0cIMoWQkG0BaDEjQYmNwAEQRo4Wfmcf4w4c/dTzG51cnfnhgwCDPL3YAvxbJZh4zyZlth3nMbrzdLAF0mOHM2Qn4tRgAFTPzNhwAajm7AaQlweA2AS32h3mMP/8BOWzG2c0/iNJiwMxjIM3ABiT5e7cRZ4vEYbYyyV6gXyRu8G6zSDCQIOwX/vbmzR9+/Kmz5+8/u/nmjwobeX5pAloYGDigcSEBVilBSDkIsD+A2neAGNWjYBSMglEwEgEAaMA/u6R2znMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roslan","middleName":"","lastName":"Aslannif","suffix":""},{"id":514211845,"identity":"07d14a3e-c18d-462a-888a-0d47efde8ce0","order_by":1,"name":"Si Ling Soh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Si","middleName":"Ling","lastName":"Soh","suffix":""},{"id":514211846,"identity":"3a6b8a3c-c922-45f4-ae83-87ac758c50e4","order_by":2,"name":"Yee Sin Tey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yee","middleName":"Sin","lastName":"Tey","suffix":""},{"id":514211847,"identity":"d56e6e6e-d233-47c6-b75b-ce8824bc5e21","order_by":3,"name":"Am Haris Norhaliza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Am","middleName":"Haris","lastName":"Norhaliza","suffix":""},{"id":514211848,"identity":"92613203-6736-41f4-a3bd-f20f7bdd8691","order_by":4,"name":"Teo Jassie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Teo","middleName":"","lastName":"Jassie","suffix":""},{"id":514211849,"identity":"7d2262c5-470b-4f57-b3d1-1a0b2e13804e","order_by":5,"name":"Lynne Murray Rowina","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lynne","middleName":"Murray","lastName":"Rowina","suffix":""},{"id":514211850,"identity":"2efdde70-affe-48f4-912d-aa5aaea95e47","order_by":6,"name":"Kee Soon Chong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kee","middleName":"Soon","lastName":"Chong","suffix":""},{"id":514211851,"identity":"5738d23b-5ab2-4bf8-90e1-b6f1c5e1190b","order_by":7,"name":"Kian Boon Wong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kian","middleName":"Boon","lastName":"Wong","suffix":""},{"id":514211852,"identity":"cbfc4206-d19f-47c9-9f96-79231427c244","order_by":8,"name":"Dillon Jeswant","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dillon","middleName":"","lastName":"Jeswant","suffix":""},{"id":514211853,"identity":"ec123c4a-a5b0-4b5e-9c2b-a27782e3a203","order_by":9,"name":"Mohamed Yunus Alwi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"Yunus","lastName":"Alwi","suffix":""},{"id":514211854,"identity":"542987b2-fd54-4b43-9879-35085694eff5","order_by":10,"name":"Mohd Ghazi Azmee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Heart Institute of Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohd","middleName":"Ghazi","lastName":"Azmee","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-02 23:53:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-026-00371-9","type":"published","date":"2026-04-20T15:58:20+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91508127,"identity":"9baf4c5f-5c99-49ce-a56e-4777dc9c0df9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:37:10","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":387512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAll-cause mortality with within-group percentages. At all-time points, mortality for severe AS was higher than for severe AR. For severe AS, in-hospital mortality was 9.4%, total mortality at 1 year was 13.2%, and at a median follow-up of 55 months (4.6 years), total mortality continued to increase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/94d670c806c3f6af56120d06.png"},{"id":91510716,"identity":"7aaede0d-c4ad-44f7-a12f-443c5323f1d3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:45:10","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":372787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSevere AS and severe AR etiologies.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eA total of five underlying etiologies (including unknown) were identified for AS, and 11 were identified for AR. The three most common etiologies for AS were degenerative bicuspid valve disease (60.4%), degenerative trileaflet valve disease (32.1%), and rheumatic heart disease (3.8%). For AR, the three most prevalent etiologies were aortic root dilatation (29.0%), prolapse of fused leaflets in bicuspid valves (22.6%), and both right coronary cusp (RCC) prolapse and rheumatic heart disease (each accounting for 9.7%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; RCC, right coronary cusp\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/fb4d0df7ff467031f9a124f5.png"},{"id":91508128,"identity":"32bfa4c2-0fc3-40d4-8fe1-c20c263de69e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:37:10","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1944288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEchocardiographic parameters pre- and post-AVR for severe AS and severe AR. In patients with severe AS, surgery led to significant improvements: SVI rose by 26.2%, ejection fraction improved by 30.7%, and flow rate increased by 58.2% (all \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). GLS and LArS improved but not significantly. In contrast, patients with severe AR showed a 28.8% drop in SVi and a 17.8% decrease in flow rate (both significant), reflecting normalization of volume overload, while ejection fraction and strain parameters remained unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; RCC, right coronary cusp; SVi, stroke volume index; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/2a40240f5254cf372436e623.png"},{"id":91508145,"identity":"f14bc6c6-3d78-43dc-ab7f-2b5611aefd0e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:37:11","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":584503,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFreedom from all-cause mortality.Kaplan–Meier survival curves showing worse survival in patients with severe AS and EF ≤ 35%, with an 8-year survival probability of 38.7%. In contrast, patients with severe AR and EF ≤ 35% had a higher 8-year survival of 43.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; EF, ejection fraction.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/bf9008d1f0ec8cf3f3c61cf2.png"},{"id":107927749,"identity":"26cd8cf7-75f1-4ce1-a9d2-57a096186fa5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-27 16:03:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4585422,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/43fe1516-c29d-4c79-8ff6-ee4ee765523f.pdf"},{"id":91508135,"identity":"e7a97927-628a-465a-8cc7-7c95acb993a2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-17 08:37:10","extension":"tif","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":964010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGraphical Abstracts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary of study populations and results. \u003c/strong\u003eThis study included 84 patients in total: 53 with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and 31 with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and ejection fraction ≤ 35%. Echocardiographic and strain parameters were assessed before and at 6 months after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The median follow-up period was 55 months.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7521462/v1/aeb7c8c8d5f364145f600125.tif"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Mortality, Echocardiographic, and Strain Outcomes","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eSurgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an established treatment for severe aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR).\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e When left untreated, both conditions lead to deterioration of left ventricular (LV) function through different pathophysiological mechanisms: AS primarily increases afterload, whereas AR increases both preload and afterload.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e In patients with severe LV dysfunction, defined as an ejection fraction (EF)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;35%, intraoperative mortality remains high for both AS (10\u0026ndash;25%) and AR (10\u0026ndash;15%).\u003csup\u003e3\u0026ndash;5\u003c/sup\u003e Owing to this perceived high risk, the proportion of patients offered aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains very low.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This study focused exclusively on patients with pure severe AS and AR with EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;35%, examining their in-hospital outcomes, 1-year survival, and medium-term follow-up extending to 55 months (median 4.6 years), to determine whether mortality rates have improved since previous studies.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e A unique aspect of this investigation is the comprehensive echocardiographic assessment, which includes not only EF but also stroke volume index (SVi), flow rate, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left atrial reservoir strain (LArS), measured both before SAVR and 6 months after SAVR. This allowed us to demonstrate distinct patterns between severe AS and severe AR. Therefore, we aimed to identify correlations between clinical and echocardiographic parameters and overall mortality and determine whether any of these parameters serve as independent predictors of outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe conducted a retrospective review of all adults (aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;18 years) who underwent SAVR at our center between 2015 and 2024. The etiology of AS or AR was determined using preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, and 6-month postoperative TTE. Our study population was limited to patients with either pure severe AS or pure severe AR, both accompanied by significant LV dysfunction, defined as an EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;35%. We excluded patients with complex congenital heart disease (except for bicuspid, unicuspid, and quadricuspid aortic valves), mixed aortic valve disease, and inadequate imaging quality for accurate interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEchocardiographic and strain analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe analyzed echocardiographic data from three time points: preoperative TTE, intraoperative TEE, and 6-month postoperative TTE. The etiology of AS and AR was determined through a comprehensive review of all echocardiographic and surgical reports. Only studies with adequate image quality suitable for strain analysis were included, with strain measurements performed retrospectively using Philips Ultrasound Workspace software. Conventional echocardiographic parameters assessed from preoperative and postoperative TTE included LV outflow tract velocity time integral, SVi, aortic valve velocity time integral, EF, flow rate, peak velocity, mean aortic valve pressure gradient (mean PG), peak aortic valve pressure gradient (peak PG), dimensionless index (DVI), aortic valve area index, and acceleration time to ejection time ratio. Strain measurements included GLS, LArS, left atrial booster strain, left atrial contractile strain, right ventricular free-wall strain (RVFWS), and right ventricular GLS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Collection and Outcomes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMortality data were obtained from the Malaysian Registration Department and electronic medical records (EMR) through March 31, 2025, with additional clinical variables extracted from the EMR. We assessed relationships between baseline clinical and echocardiographic variables, including myocardial strain parameters, and all-cause mortality using univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, we evaluated whether absolute values and the magnitude of change in echocardiographic and strain parameters from baseline to 6 months after AVR were associated with overall mortality. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30, with statistical significance set at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. This study was approved by the Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographics and baseline characteristics were summarized as frequencies with percentages for categorical variables and as median with interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables with non-normal distribution. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square test for categorical variables and the Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test for continuous variables due to data skewness. Two-way mixed analysis of variance was used to compare mean differences between groups based on within-participant and between-participant factors. When interaction terms were present, univariate general linear models were performed to compare means across different groups for each preoperative and postoperative variable. Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier survival curves were constructed to visualize cumulative survival probability over time, with log-rank tests used to compare survival between severe AR and severe AS groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed separately for the severe AS and severe AR groups to identify predictors of all-cause mortality. Variables with \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate models using forward stepwise selection, with \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 considered statistically significant in the final model. Results were reported as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe cohort comprised 84 patients: 53 with severe AS and 31 with severe AR, all with LV EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;35%. Median EF was 28.0% in the severe AS group and 31.1% in the severe AR group. Patients with severe AR were significantly younger, with a median age of 44 years (IQR, 38\u0026ndash;56), than those with severe AS, whose median age was 63 years (IQR, 58\u0026ndash;69) [\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001]. Men were predominant in both groups. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 days (IQR, 7\u0026ndash;13.5) for severe AS and 8 days (IQR, 7\u0026ndash;10) for severe AR. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in both groups. Isolated AVR was performed in 69.8% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;37) of patients with severe AS and 48.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15) of those with severe AR. In the severe group, hypertension (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), diabetes (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.013), and higher preoperative creatinine levels (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. No clinical predictors were significantly associated with mortality in the severe AR group. Strain imaging showed lower median values in severe AS than in severe AR: GLS, -6.80% (IQR, -4.65 to -8.75) vs. -8.80% (IQR, -6.90 to -10.20); LArS, 7.10% (IQR, 5.40\u0026ndash;13.80) vs. 11.90% (IQR, 8.10\u0026ndash;17.40); and RVFWS, -12.60% (IQR, -8.15 to -18.20) vs. \u0026minus;12.90% (IQR, -9.30 to -17.80). EF was not associated with mortality in either group. Among patients with severe AS, higher mortality was associated with lower aortic valve velocity\u0026ndash;time integral (VTI; \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004), lower peak velocity (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005), lower mean pressure gradient (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007), lower peak pressure gradient (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005), and higher DVI (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003). In contrast, echocardiographic and strain parameters were not associated with mortality in the severe AR group (Table I).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn-hospital mortality for severe AS was 9.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5), increasing to 13.2% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7) at 1 year and 43.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23) at 55 months (median, 4.6 years). Therefore, 56.6% (30 of 53) of patients with severe AS and EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;35% remained alive nearly 5 years after surgery. In the severe AR group, no in-hospital deaths occurred. One-year mortality was 3.2% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), increasing to 32.3% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10) at 55 months, with 67.7% (21 of 31) of patients alive at follow-up (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The three most common etiologies of severe AS were degenerative bicuspid valve disease (60.4%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;32), degenerative tricuspid valve disease (32.1%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17), and rheumatic disease (3.8%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2). In severe AR, the leading causes were aortic root dilatation (29.0%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9), prolapsed fused bicuspid valve leaflets (22.6%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7), and right coronary cusp prolapse and rheumatic disease (9.7% each, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3) [Figure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt 6 months after AVR, patients with severe AS showed considerable improvement in several echocardiographic parameters: SVi increased from 25.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.12 to 32.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.85 mL/m\u0026sup2; (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001); EF improved from 27.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.88% to 36.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.46% (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001); and flow rate increased from 150.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51.86 to 237.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;91.49 mL/s (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). However, RVFWS decreased from \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.89% to -9.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.13% (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.027). GLS (-7.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.40% to -9.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.96%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.232) and LArS (10.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.37% to 12.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.27%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.441) showed numerical improvements but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, patients with severe AR demonstrated a different postoperative pattern. EF remained stable, with a non-significant reduction from 29.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.85% to 28.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.58% (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.187). However, SVi significantly decreased from 65.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.59 to 42.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.85 mL/m\u0026sup2; (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and flow rate declined from 409.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;126.86 to 336.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;111.43 mL/s (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008). Strain parameters, GLS (-8.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.13% to -7.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.07%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.225), LArS (12.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.29% to 17.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.19%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.648), and RVFWS (-13.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.34% to -10.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.79%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.38), did not show significant change. Importantly, neither the magnitude of preoperative to postoperative change nor the absolute values of echocardiographic parameters were associated with mortality in either group (Tables II and III and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Kaplan\u0026ndash;Meier analysis showed an 8-year survival probability of 38.7% for severe AS and 43.1% for severe AR (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor severe AS, the presence of hypertension was an independent predictor of overall mortality, conferring a 6.5-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.46, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.012) than in those without hypertension. Additionally, a higher preoperative VTI was independently associated with a 3% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.97, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006). In patients with severe AR, a longer postoperative hospital stay was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.13, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.017) [Tables IV and V].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePatients with severe AS were considerably older than those with severe AR, which may partially account for the worse mortality outcomes observed at all time-points. Hospital length of stay was comparable between the groups, with patients with severe AS staying only 1 day longer than those with severe AR (9 vs. 8 days, respectively). Although previous studies have predominantly focused on EF,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3 CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e our findings demonstrated comprehensive impairment across all strain parameters. Both patients with severe AS and AR exhibited markedly reduced GLS values in the single digits, severely diminished LArS, indicative of elevated left atrial filling pressures, and substantially reduced RVFWS. These findings suggest that when EF declines below 35%, both left atrial and right ventricular functions become substantially compromised. Despite these pronounced abnormalities, none of the strain parameters demonstrated prognostic significance in either patient group. Similarly, neither before nor after SAVR EF values were associated with overall mortality in either cohort. In contrast, and consistent with prior investigations,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e lower peak velocity, peak PG, and mean PG were associated with increased mortality risk in patients with severe AS. Notably, in patients with severe AR, none of the evaluated echocardiographic parameters demonstrated prognostic value for mortality outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn patients with severe AS, general operative mortality in unselected populations is typically 2\u0026ndash;8%.\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e However, as discussed in the Introduction, mortality rates increase substantially in patients with reduced EF, ranging from 10\u0026ndash;25%. Our observed in-hospital mortality rate of 9.4% compares favorably with the rate in previous studies,\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e whereas the 1-year mortality rate reached 13.2%. This increased to 43.4% at a median follow-up of 4.6 years, aligning with the 5-year mortality rate of 42% reported by Connolly et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Importantly, these surgical outcomes were significantly better than those of patients who did not undergo SAVR, with 1-year mortality of 59% vs. 13.2% and 5-year mortality of 85% vs. 43.4%,\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e highlighting the critical importance of surgical intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSimilarly, impressive outcomes were observed in patients with severe AR. Although previous studies reported concerning mortality rates for severe AR with reduced EF, Chaliki et al. reported a 14% in-hospital mortality for patients with EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;35%, and Sharony et al. found an 11.1% rate for EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;40%; however, our study achieved exceptional results, with zero in-hospital deaths.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e At 1 year, the mortality rate in the severe AR group was remarkably low at 3.2%, compared with 12% reported by Kamath et al. Although mortality increased to 32.3% at 4.6 years, this closely aligns with the 5-year mortality rates of 30% reported by both Sharony et al. and Kamath et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e The benefits of surgical intervention in severe AR were equally compelling. Non-surgical patients experienced 1-year mortality rates of 35% vs. 3.2% and 5-year mortality rates of 63% vs. 32.3%.\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e The urgency of timely intervention was further emphasized by Fielder et al., who reported a mean survival of only 6 months for patients with severe AR without surgical intervention.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e These stark differences underscore the life-saving potential of appropriate surgical management in patients with severe AS or AR with reduced EF.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding the underlying etiologies, there is limited literature examining the mechanisms of AR in detail. The most comprehensive study identified was that of Chaliki et al., who reported degenerative disease, bicuspid valve, and aortic root dilatation as the three most common causes.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e In comparison, our cohort revealed a different pattern, with root dilatation, prolapsed fused leaflets, and prolapsed right coronary cusp or rheumatic disease as the predominant etiologies. These differences suggest potential regional or temporal variations in disease patterns, warranting further investigation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePostoperative echocardiographic recovery patterns differed markedly between patients with severe AS and those with severe AR. Among patients with severe AS, EF improved by 8.5 percentage points at 6 months after SAVR, demonstrating rapid functional recovery, consistent with prior findings showing a 12-point improvement at 14 months\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Although previous studies suggest that a\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;15% improvement in SVi may have prognostic value, our cohort showed a remarkable 26.1% improvement in SVi, nearly normalizing values despite severe LV dysfunction at baseline.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e However, no significant association was observed between SVi or its degree of improvement and overall clinical outcomes. Notably, our study is the first to demonstrate normalization of flow rates 6 months after SAVR, introducing this relatively new metric\u0026mdash;traditionally used in assessing AS severity\u0026mdash;into the postoperative recovery literature. Strain parameters showed mixed responses: both GLS and LArS increased numerically but these changes did not reach statistical significance. Notably, RVFWS significantly worsened at 6 months, consistent with prior studies describing the adverse impact of pericardial incision on right ventricular function during cardiac surgery.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e In contrast, patients with severe AR exhibited a distinctly different recovery trajectory. Six months after SAVR, EF did not improve significantly, although previous studies have demonstrated delayed EF recovery even in patients with EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;35%.\u003csup\u003e5,6,7,8\u003c/sup\u003e We hypothesized that EF recovery following AVR for AR may require a longer timeframe compared to AVR for AS, likely reflecting the distinct pathophysiological adaptation required after relief of volume overload rather than pressure overload.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Although GLS is increasingly used as a supplementary parameter in determining the timing of intervention in AS and AR, prior studies have not focused specifically on patients with severe LV dysfunction.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR18 CR19\" citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e In line with our findings in patients with AS, patients with AR showed no significant changes in GLS or LArS. Notably, unlike in AS, RVFWS did not significantly change in the AR group. Most importantly, none of the key echocardiographic parameters, including EF, SVi, flow rate, GLS, LArS, and RVFWS, measured either preoperatively or at 6 months after SAVR, were associated with overall clinical outcomes. These findings challenge conventional assumptions regarding the prognostic utility of commonly monitored parameters in patients with severe LV dysfunction. Extended echocardiographic follow-up is essential to determine whether these relationships remain absent over time or whether delayed or subtle recovery patterns emerge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our comprehensive analysis of clinical and echocardiographic predictors of mortality, several notable and condition-specific findings emerged. In the AS cohort, hypertension was identified as a strong and independent predictor of mortality, conferring a 6.5-fold increased risk of all-cause death. This highlights the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and optimal blood pressure control in this high-risk subgroup. Unexpectedly, a higher preoperative VTI was independently associated with a 3% reduction in mortality risk. This novel finding is particularly intriguing, as VTI has not previously been recognized as a prognostic marker in AS.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Its clinical significance remains uncertain and warrants further exploration in larger studies. By contrast, the predictive landscape for patients with severe AR revealed a different risk factor. A longer postoperative hospital stay was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, likely reflecting the complexity of recovery, the presence of complications, or underlying patient frailty necessitating extended hospitalization. This finding underscores the importance of optimizing perioperative care and identifying factors that contribute to prolonged recovery in patients with AR and reduced EF. These differential predictive patterns between the AS and AR populations highlight the distinct pathophysiological processes and recovery trajectories inherent to each condition, suggesting that risk stratification strategies should be tailored specifically to the underlying valve pathology and its associated hemodynamic consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Limitations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study has some limitations. First, the retrospective study design limits our ability to establish causation, as observed associations may reflect correlation instead of true causal relationships. Second, the sample size was relatively small owing to the limited number of patients with severe aortic valve disease and significant LV dysfunction who were offered surgical intervention, highlighting the need for larger prospective multicenter studies to validate these findings. Third, echocardiographic follow-up was limited to 6 months postoperatively, which may not fully capture cardiac remodeling and functional recovery, as some beneficial changes following AVR may require longer periods to manifest. Future studies with extended follow-up periods and larger patient cohorts are needed to provide more robust evidence regarding the prognostic value of strain parameters in this high-risk population.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn patients with severe AS and AR with an EF\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;35%, GLS is markedly impaired, accompanied by considerable dysfunction in left atrial and right ventricular parameters. Despite these profound echocardiographic abnormalities, neither EF nor GLS demonstrated prognostic value for predicting overall mortality. Notably, surgical intervention was associated with favorable operative mortality rates and superior long-term outcomes compared with conservative management, reinforcing the benefits of timely surgical intervention in this high-risk population.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaortic regurgitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaortic stenosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAVR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eaortic valve replacement\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eDVI\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edimensionless index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEF\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eejection fraction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEMR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eelectronic medical record\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGLS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eglobal longitudinal strain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eHR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehazard ratio\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIJN\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstitut Jantung Negara\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIQR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003einterquartile range\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLArS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eleft atrial reservoir strain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLV\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eleft ventricle/left ventricular\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epressure gradient\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eMeanPG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emean pressure gradient\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePeakPG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epeak pressure gradient\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eRVFWS\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eright ventricular free-wall strain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSAVR\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003esurgical aortic valve replacement\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSVi\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003estroke volume index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eTTE\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003etransthoracic echocardiography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eVTI\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003evelocity\u0026ndash;time integral.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAll manuscripts must contain the following sections under the heading 'Declarations':\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective observational study did not involve any interventions or patient identification procedures. Consequently, informed consent was waived, and ethical approval was obtained from the Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFunding\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received for the conduct of this research or the preparation of the manuscript. The Institut Jantung Negara Foundation will cover the open-access publication fees and provide support for travel and accommodation expenses related to conference presentations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRA: Study design and methodology development. Formulation of research questions and hypotheses. Final writing and editing and final approval of manuscript for submission; SLS: Data collection, organization, and management; YST: Patient recruitment and follow-up; AHN: Literature review and reference compilation; TJ: Resource management and funding acquisition; LMW: Creation of figures, tables, and graphics. Data visualization and illustration design; KSC: Review and editing of manuscript; KBW: Quality control and validation of datasets; DJ: Research team leadership and coordination; MYA: Mentoring of junior researchers; MGA: Critical review of results and conclusions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to Ms. Maizatu Akma Sulong for her invaluable assistance with the statistical analysis. We also acknowledge the Institut Jantung Negara Foundation for its generous financial support, which enabled the open-access publication of this research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026Ccedil;elik M, Durko AP, Bekkers JA, Oei FBS, Mahtab EAF, Bogers AJJC. Outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement over three decades. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022;164(6):1742\u0026ndash;e17518.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWenn P, Zeltser R. In: StatPearls, editor. Aortic valve disease. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO'Toole JD, Geiser EA, Reddy PS, Curtiss EI, Landfair RM. Effect of preoperative ejection fraction on survival and hemodynamic improvement following aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 1978;58(6):1175\u0026ndash;84.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eConnolly HM, Oh JK, Orszulak TA, et al. Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic indicators. Circulation. 1997;95(10):2395\u0026ndash;400.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChaliki HP, Mohty D, Avierinos JF, et al. Outcomes after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and markedly reduced left ventricular function. Circulation. 2002;106(21):2687\u0026ndash;93.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFiedler AG, Bhambhani V, Laikhter E, et al. Aortic valve replacement associated with survival in severe regurgitation and low ejection fraction. Heart. 2018;104(10):835\u0026ndash;40.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSionis A, Garc\u0026iacute;a-Alvarez A, Castel MA, et al. Severe aortic regurgitation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement and combined surgery. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2010;29(4):445\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaneko T, Ejiofor JI, Neely RC, et al. Aortic regurgitation with markedly reduced left ventricular function is not a contraindication for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(1):41\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCapoulade R, Le Ven F, Clavel MA, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in adults with aortic stenosis. Heart. 2016;102(12):934\u0026ndash;42.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKligfield P. Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 5th edition. \u003cem\u003eClin Cardiol\u003c/em\u003e. 2009;21(2):147\u0026ndash;148.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePowell DE, Tunick PA, Rosenzweig BP, et al. Aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis and severe left ventricular dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(9):1337\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePereira JJ, Lauer MS, Bashir M, et al. Survival after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients and severe left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(8):1356\u0026ndash;63.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharony R, Grossi EA, Saunders PC, et al. Aortic valve replacement in patients with impaired ventricular function. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75(6):1808\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKamath AR, Varadarajan P, Turk R, et al. Survival in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and severe left ventricular dysfunction is improved by aortic valve replacement: results from a cohort of 166 patients with an ejection fraction\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;or =\u0026thinsp;35%. Circulation. 2009;120(11 Suppl):S134\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFiore G, Biondi F, Cunsolo P, et al. Early stroke volume variation after transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement predicts clinical outcomes in low-flow aortic stenosis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2025;106(2):1012\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMandoli GE, Cameli M, Novo G, et al. Right ventricular function after cardiac surgery: the diagnostic and prognostic role of echocardiography. Heart Fail Rev. 2019;24(5):625\u0026ndash;35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKearney LG, Lu K, Ord M, et al. Global longitudinal strain is a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13(10):827\u0026ndash;33.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThellier N, Altes A, Appert L, et al. Prognostic importance of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with severe aortic stenosis and preserved ejection fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(12):1454\u0026ndash;64.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFries B, Liu D, Gaudron P, et al. Role of global longitudinal strain in the prediction of outcome in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(4):640\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlashi A, Mentias A, Abdallah A, et al. Incremental prognostic utility of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in asymptomatic patients with significant chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(5):673\u0026ndash;82.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSokalski V, Liu D, Hu K, Frantz S, Nordbeck P. Echocardiographic predictors of outcome in severe aortic stenosis patients with preserved or reduced ejection fraction. Clin Res Cardiol. 2024;113(3):481\u0026ndash;95.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTABLE 1. Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters of the study population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll patients,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN = 84\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 267px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere AS, n = 53\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSevere AR, n = 31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll patients with severe AS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en = 30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDied,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en = 23\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll patients with severe AR\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en = 21\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDied,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en = 10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 860px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical and perioperative characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(47.25, 66.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58.00, 69.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(57.75, 69.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(58.00, 69.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.602\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(38.00, 56.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(36.50, 55.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(40.00, 57.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (73.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (64.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (53.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (78.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (90.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (85.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (100.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (26.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (35.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (46.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (9.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (66.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (46.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (91.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (54.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (47.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (70.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (38.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (53.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (45.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (52.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (30.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (32.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (37.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (56.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (22.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (23.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.813\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57 (67.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (62.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (77.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (76.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (80.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypercholesterolemia, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (56.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (54.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (60.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (58.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (57.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (44.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (45.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (39.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (41.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.50, 15.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.30, 14.15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.25\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11.70, 14.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(12.60, 14.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13.40, 15.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13.30, 15.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13.75, 15.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.949\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCreatinine level (\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(81.50, 117.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(80.00, 117.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(76.50, 93.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(91.75, 175.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(90.75, 117.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(81.50, 121.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(95.50, 111.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.850\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrea (mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.95\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.63, 8.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.75, 8.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.38, 7.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.10, 10.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.50, 8.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.40, 9.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.05\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.20, 8.08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostoperative length of stay (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.00, 12.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.00, 13.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.00, 11.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.00, 16.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.534\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.00, 10.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.00, 9.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8.00, 12.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical procedure performed, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (69.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (70.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (69.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (48.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (52.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVR\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (8.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (9.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (6.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (9.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVR and root replacement\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (32.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (23.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVR and CABG\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (17.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (9.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCABG and DVR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (10.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVR and MV repair\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValve type, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (33.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (43.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (53.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (10.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechanical\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (56.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (46.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (69.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (83.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (81.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (90.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaflet morphology TEE, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrileaflet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (45.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (60.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (64.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (61.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (70.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.660\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBicuspid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (51.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (60.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (39.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (35.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (38.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (30.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnicuspid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnable to tell\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 860px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-operative echocardiography\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVOT VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11.74, 20.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10.25, 15.45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.85\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.93, 14.93)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.82\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(11.30, 15.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.615\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17.70, 25.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17.20, 25.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20.48, 25.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.02\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(23.10, 56.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(20.14, 30.51)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.22\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21.27, 33.11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.32\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(17.48, 30.04)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(52.42, 79.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.89\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(46.41, 76.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(56.64, 84.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(39.21, 98.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(74.55, 112.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102.35\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(85.63, 124.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(66.10, 96.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32.50, 41.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(33.20, 43.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.25\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(30.40, 43.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.499\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.95\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25.00, 33.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24.50, 32.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.83\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(21.70, 32.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(26.00, 33.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25.00, 34.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24.10, 34.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25.62, 33.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlow rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(135.52, 347.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(122.03, 166.69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141.08\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(123.90, 174.78)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144.88\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(109.62, 165.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.641\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e403.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(296.49, 495.31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e399.06\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(262.97, 514.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e452.13\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(345.26, 504.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak velocity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.29\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.84, 4.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.40, 5.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.46\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.90, 5.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2.80, 4.36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.61, 2.04)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.79\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.63, 2.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.57, 1.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.23, 49.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(25.50, 62.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.61\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(36.50, 66.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(19.00, 43.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.50, 9.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.75, 9.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.88, 7.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(13.60, 77.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(46.00, 102.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.39\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(60.60, 120.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(31.00, 76.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10.00, 16.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(10.70, 16.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.98, 16.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.12, 0.46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.11, 0.17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.10, 0.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.12, 0.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.45, 0.78)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.45, 0.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.46, 0.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVAi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.24, 1.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.19, 0.37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.19, 0.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.19, 0.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.27, 2.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.53\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.13, 2.34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.62, 2.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAT/ET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.34, 0.45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.38, 0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.41, 0.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.35, 0.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.30, 0.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.29, 0.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.33, 0.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.45\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.00, 9.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.65, 8.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.65\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4.45, 8.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.40, 8.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.90, 10.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.15, 10.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.40, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLArS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.25\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.73, 15.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.40, 13.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.55, 13.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.50, 14.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8.10, 17.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.65\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.25, 17.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.40, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAbS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.00, 6.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.05, 7.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.20, 6.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.85, 9.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.90, 6.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.40, 6.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0.90, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.838\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAcS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2.73, 8.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2.50, 6.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.55\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1.95, 5.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2.90, 7.45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.374\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.10, 12.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.25, 11.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.60, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVFWS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.75\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8.65, 17.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(8.15, 18.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.93, 17.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(7.45, 20.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.30, 17.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.75\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.10, 17.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9.30, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.838\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 127px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Q1, Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.10, 12.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.95, 12.20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.10, 11.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.80\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5.10, 13.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.40, 14.40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3.75, 14.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(6.40, -)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote:\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalyses of continuous variables were performed using the Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test, and the Chi-square test was used for categorical variables.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV, aortic valve; AVAi, aortic valve area index; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; DVI, Doppler velocity index; DVR, double valve replacement; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MV, mitral valve; PG, pressure gradient; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; VTI, velocity\u0026ndash;time integral.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable II. Preoperative and postop\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eerative\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eechocardiography and strain parameters in\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epatients with\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esevere AS, stratified by mortality status (n = 53)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-/Post-procedure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Interaction effect) \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Simple main effect)\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;d\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDied\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Pre-post)\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Mortality) \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVOT VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.97 \u0026plusmn; 3.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.63 \u0026plusmn; 3.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.49 \u0026plusmn; 3.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.21 \u0026plusmn; 4.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.30 \u0026plusmn; 3.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.65 \u0026plusmn; 5.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.96 \u0026plusmn; 9.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.40 \u0026plusmn; 10.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.68 \u0026plusmn; 6.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.75 \u0026plusmn; 12.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.40 \u0026plusmn; 12.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.74 \u0026plusmn; 13.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.25 \u0026plusmn; 30.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106.01 \u0026plusmn; 31.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.86 \u0026plusmn; 23.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.24 \u0026plusmn; 10.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.78 \u0026plusmn; 8.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.98 \u0026plusmn; 12.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.688\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.73 \u0026plusmn; 5.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.72 \u0026plusmn; 6.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.34 \u0026plusmn; 5.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.637\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.23 \u0026plusmn; 9.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.70 \u0026plusmn; 8.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.64 \u0026plusmn; 10.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlow rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150.15 \u0026plusmn; 51.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156.58 \u0026plusmn; 60.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140.00 \u0026plusmn; 34.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.432\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e237.55 \u0026plusmn; 91.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251.43 \u0026plusmn; 89.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e215.63 \u0026plusmn; 92.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak velocity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.60 \u0026plusmn; 1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68 \u0026plusmn; 0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27 \u0026plusmn; 0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30 \u0026plusmn; 0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.22 \u0026plusmn; 0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.91 \u0026plusmn; 25.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.63 \u0026plusmn; 26.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.72 \u0026plusmn; 19.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.26 \u0026plusmn; 4.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.65 \u0026plusmn; 4.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.66 \u0026plusmn; 5.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.491\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.00 \u0026plusmn; 40.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.25 \u0026plusmn; 41.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.65 \u0026plusmn; 30.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.004\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.77 \u0026plusmn; 10.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.19 \u0026plusmn; 9.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.10 \u0026plusmn; 11.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15 \u0026plusmn; 0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13 \u0026plusmn; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45 \u0026plusmn; 0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.43 \u0026plusmn; 0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49 \u0026plusmn; 0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVAi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29 \u0026plusmn; 0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27 \u0026plusmn; 0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31 \u0026plusmn; 0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 \u0026plusmn; 0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 \u0026plusmn; 0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89 \u0026plusmn; 0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAT/ET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44 \u0026plusmn; 0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31 \u0026plusmn; 0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.08 \u0026plusmn; 3.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.00 \u0026plusmn; 3.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.31 \u0026plusmn; 2.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.588\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.49 \u0026plusmn; 2.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.28 \u0026plusmn; 3.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.16 \u0026plusmn; 2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLArS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.37 \u0026plusmn; 8.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.35 \u0026plusmn; 8.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.46 \u0026plusmn; 7.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.637\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.51 \u0026plusmn; 4.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.95 \u0026plusmn; 4.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.09 \u0026plusmn; 3.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAbS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.48 \u0026plusmn; 5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.68 \u0026plusmn; 5.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.83 \u0026plusmn; 4.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.23 \u0026plusmn; 3.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.29 \u0026plusmn; 3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.03 \u0026plusmn; 2.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAcS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.11 \u0026plusmn; 4.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.92 \u0026plusmn; 4.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.73 \u0026plusmn; 3.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30 \u0026plusmn; 3.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.67 \u0026plusmn; 3.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07 \u0026plusmn; 3.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVFWS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.61 \u0026plusmn; 6.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.37 \u0026plusmn; 6.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.39 \u0026plusmn; 8.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.790\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.027\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.71 \u0026plusmn; 5.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.70 \u0026plusmn; 5.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.76 \u0026plusmn; 5.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.20 \u0026plusmn; 4.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.88 \u0026plusmn; 4.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.24 \u0026plusmn; 5.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.647\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.51 \u0026plusmn; 4.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.47 \u0026plusmn; 4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67 \u0026plusmn; 4.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-values were calculated using a two-way mixed ANOVA with within-participant factors (time points: pre- vs. post-immediate surgery) and between-participant factors (mortality: alive vs. died). This analysis was performed to evaluate whether the pattern of change from pre- to post-immediate surgery (the within-participant factor) differed between patients who eventually survived and those who died.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e (interaction effect)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether the magnitude or direction of the mean difference in the dependent variable (echocardiographic and strain parameters) over time (from pre- to post-immediate surgery) differs according to the patient\u0026rsquo;s survival outcome (alive vs. died).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e (main effect of time):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between the pre- and post-immediate surgery time points, irrespective of survival outcome.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e (main effect of survival outcome):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died, irrespective of time point (pre- or post-immediate surgery).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value \u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e (simple main effect):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Reported only when a significant interaction effect is observed. Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died at each time point (pre- and post-immediate surgery, assessed separately).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eANOVA, analysis of variance; AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV, aortic valve; AVAi, indexed aortic valve area; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index; VTI, velocity-time integral.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable III. Preoperative and postop\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eerative\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eechocardiography and strain analysis in patients with severe AR according to mortality status (n = 31)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-/Post procedure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Interaction effect) \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain effect\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Simple main effect) \u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDied\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Pre-post) \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Mortality) \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVOT VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.74 \u0026plusmn; 6.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50 \u0026plusmn; 7.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.25 \u0026plusmn; 4.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.566\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.951\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.90 \u0026plusmn; 5.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.22 \u0026plusmn; 5.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.24 \u0026plusmn; 5.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.97 \u0026plusmn; 17.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.76 \u0026plusmn; 18.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.72 \u0026plusmn; 15.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.310\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.66 \u0026plusmn; 14.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.33 \u0026plusmn; 16.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.35 \u0026plusmn; 11.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.65 \u0026plusmn; 12.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.56 \u0026plusmn; 13.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.73 \u0026plusmn; 9.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.041\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.34 \u0026plusmn; 7.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.75 \u0026plusmn; 8.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.48 \u0026plusmn; 5.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.72 \u0026plusmn; 4.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.65 \u0026plusmn; 5.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.85 \u0026plusmn; 3.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.373\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.62 \u0026plusmn; 7.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.86 \u0026plusmn; 8.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.00 \u0026plusmn; 4.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlow rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e409.00 \u0026plusmn; 126.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e393.26 \u0026plusmn; 138.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e442.07 \u0026plusmn; 95.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.311\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e336.32 \u0026plusmn; 111.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e327.19 \u0026plusmn; 124.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e355.40 \u0026plusmn; 80.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak velocity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87 \u0026plusmn; 0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92 \u0026plusmn; 0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78 \u0026plusmn; 0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.026\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08 \u0026plusmn; 0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.07 \u0026plusmn; 0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11 \u0026plusmn; 0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.84 \u0026plusmn; 5.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.39 \u0026plusmn; 6.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67 \u0026plusmn; 2.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.498\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.46 \u0026plusmn; 3.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.49 \u0026plusmn; 3.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.40 \u0026plusmn; 2.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.11 \u0026plusmn; 10.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.98 \u0026plusmn; 12.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.29 \u0026plusmn; 6.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.436\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.75 \u0026plusmn; 5.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.59 \u0026plusmn; 6.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.10 \u0026plusmn; 5.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62 \u0026plusmn; 0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60 \u0026plusmn; 0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67 \u0026plusmn; 0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.002\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.700\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47 \u0026plusmn; 0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48 \u0026plusmn; 0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45 \u0026plusmn; 0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVAi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82 \u0026plusmn; 0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70 \u0026plusmn; 0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06 \u0026plusmn; 0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.222\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36 \u0026plusmn; 0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34 \u0026plusmn; 0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38 \u0026plusmn; 0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAT/ET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.410\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39 \u0026plusmn; 0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41 \u0026plusmn; 0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00 \u0026plusmn; 3.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.80 \u0026plusmn; 3.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.53 \u0026plusmn; 1.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.382\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50 \u0026plusmn; 3.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.53 \u0026plusmn; 2.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.77 \u0026plusmn; 1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLArS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.50 \u0026plusmn; 6.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.93 \u0026plusmn; 6.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.37 \u0026plusmn; 6.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.47 \u0026plusmn; 14.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.55 \u0026plusmn; 14.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.60 \u0026plusmn; 0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAbS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25 \u0026plusmn; 3.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.26 \u0026plusmn; 3.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20 \u0026plusmn; 2.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.023\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.253\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.95 \u0026plusmn; 4.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.38 \u0026plusmn; 3.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.17 \u0026plusmn; 2.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAcS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.27 \u0026plusmn; 4.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.73 \u0026plusmn; 4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.73 \u0026plusmn; 3.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.55 \u0026plusmn; 10.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.21 \u0026plusmn; 11.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.43 \u0026plusmn; 2.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVFWS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.04 \u0026plusmn; 7.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.96 \u0026plusmn; 8.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.23 \u0026plusmn; 6.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.380\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.47 \u0026plusmn; 5.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.58 \u0026plusmn; 6.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.20 \u0026plusmn; 3.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 108px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.73 \u0026plusmn; 5.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.43 \u0026plusmn; 5.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.53 \u0026plusmn; 6.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.986\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.26 \u0026plusmn; 4.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.54 \u0026plusmn; 4.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.53 \u0026plusmn; 3.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-values were calculated using a two-way mixed ANOVA with within-participant factors (time points: pre- vs. post-immediate) and between-participant factors (mortality: alive vs. died). This analysis was conducted to assess whether the pattern of change from pre- to post-immediate surgery differed between patients who survived and those who died.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003e (interaction effect)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether the magnitude or direction of the mean difference in the dependent variable (echocardiographic and strain parameters) over time (from pre- to post-immediate surgery) differs based on survival outcome (alive vs. died).\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e (main effect of time):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between the pre- and post-immediate surgery time points, regardless of survival outcome.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e (main effect of survival outcome):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died, regardless of time point (pre- or post-immediate surgery).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value \u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e (simple main effect):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Reported only when a significant interaction effect is identified. Indicates whether there is a statistically significant mean difference in the dependent variable between patients who survived and those who died at each time point (pre- and post-immediate surgery, assessed separately).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/strong\u003e: ANOVA, analysis of variance; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area index; DVI, dimensionless valve index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable IV. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting all-cause mortality in\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epatients with severe AS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(n = 53)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"652\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 234px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate Cox regression (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultivariate Cox regression (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForward stepwise method\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnadjusted HR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted HR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.017\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypercholesterolemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.389\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCreatinine (\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrea (mmol/L)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostoperative length of stay (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValve type, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechanical\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVOT VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSVI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.009\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlow rate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak velocity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean PG\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1245.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVAi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e781.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAT/ET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGLS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLArS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAbS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.976\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAcS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVFWs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.468\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation from multivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatients with hypertension had a 6.5-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with severe AS (HR = 6.46, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.012).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHigher AV VTI was associated with a 3% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.97, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.006).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/strong\u003e: AS, aortic stenosis; AT/ET, acceleration time to ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area indexed to body surface area; CI, confidence interval; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HR, hazard ratio; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; Ref, reference group; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable V. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for predicting all-cause mortality in\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epatients with severe AR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(n = 31)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"671\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 227px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnivariate Cox regression (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultivariate Cox regression (95% CI)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForward stepwise method\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnadjusted HR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdjusted HR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.673\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypercholesterolemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.682\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCreatinine (\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrea (mmol/L)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.696\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostoperative length of stay days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.017\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.017\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValve type, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBiological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechanical\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLVOT VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSVI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAV VTI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.606\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.965\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlow rate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak velocity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.536\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean PG\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeak PG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.493\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDVI\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e276.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAVAi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAT/ET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGLS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.769\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLArS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAbS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAcS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVFWs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.682\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 211px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRVGLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation from multivariate analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA longer postoperative length of stay was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.13, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.017).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/strong\u003e: AR, aortic regurgitation; AT/ET, acceleration time/ejection time ratio; AV VTI, aortic valve velocity-time integral; AVAi, aortic valve area indexed; CI, confidence interval; DVI, dimensionless velocity index; EF, ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HR, hazard ratio; LAbS, left atrial booster strain; LAcS, left atrial conduit strain; LArS, left atrial reservoir strain; LVOT VTI, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; PG, pressure gradient; Ref, reference category; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RVGLS, right ventricular global longitudinal strain; SVI, stroke volume index\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"cardiovascular-ultrasound","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"caru","sideBox":"Learn more about [Cardiovascular Ultrasound](http://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12947","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12947/3","title":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","twitterHandle":"@bmc","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"severe left ventricle dysfunction, severe aortic stenosis, severe aortic regurgitation, strain, mortality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003ePatients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction [EF] ≤35%) undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are considered high-risk patients. This study evaluated contemporary outcomes in such patients undergoing SAVR for severe aortic stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR) and identified clinical and echocardiographic predictors of mortality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e This retrospective cohort study included 84 patients (\u0026gt;18 years) with EF ≤35% who underwent SAVR between 2015 and 2024. The cohort comprised 53 patients with AS and 31 with AR. Clinical, echocardiographic, and myocardial strain data were collected before and 6 months after SAVR. Mortality data were obtained from national registries, with follow-up through March 2025. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify mortality predictors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Median EF was 28% in AS and 31.1% in AR. Patients with AR were significantly younger than those with AS (44 vs. 63 years, \u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001). In-hospital mortality for AS was 9.4%, increasing to 13.2% at 1 year and 43.4% at 55 months. Patients with AR showed no in-hospital deaths and 32.3% mortality at 55 months. Eight-year survival was 38.7% in patients with AS and 43.1% in patients with AR. In AS, hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.46, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.012) and preoperative velocity time integral (HR = 0.97, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.006) predicted mortality. In AR, only length of hospital stay (HR = 1.13, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.017) was predictive.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e SAVR in severe LV dysfunction offers favorable medium-term survival, with clinical factors guiding prognosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrial Registration:\u003c/strong\u003e Institut Jantung Negara Ethics Committee (IJNREC/779/2025).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Mortality, Echocardiographic, and Strain Outcomes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-17 08:37:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7521462/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-04T17:35:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-12T09:19:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"208673644922494743592117761737690885085","date":"2025-11-11T19:15:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"306025331379552285286294264916163288812","date":"2025-11-05T13:23:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-09T08:50:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-03T23:11:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-03T23:10:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","date":"2025-09-02T23:50:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"cardiovascular-ultrasound","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"caru","sideBox":"Learn more about [Cardiovascular Ultrasound](http://cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12947","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12947/3","title":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","twitterHandle":"@bmc","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9fb3695f-26f9-4e08-862b-b5f040cc1f69","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T16:01:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7521462","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-026-00371-9","journal":{"identity":"cardiovascular-ultrasound","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-20 15:58:20","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 20th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-17 08:37:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12947-026-00371-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-026-00371-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7521462","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7521462","identity":"rs-7521462","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}