Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment Options in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Lung cancer remains the most common malignancies and the leading cause of mortality worldwide, more than 80% of which are Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). For approximately one-third of diagnosed NSCLCs with stage I–IIIA disease, surgical resection is recommended as a preferred curative treatment. Nevertheless, many resected NSCLC patients experience recurrence. The adjuvant treatment option of patients with resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remains unstandardized. At present, there are many postoperative adjuvant therapy options for resected NSCLC, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, which adjuvant therapy is better for which patients is remaining to be explored. With further development of ctDNA-based molecular residual disease (MRD) research, more accurate clinical trials may be needed in the future to refine more comparison of biomarker for more precise treatment in postoperative adjuvant therapy in the future. In our manuscript, we discussed the status of possible markers and possible future clinical trials in combination with MRD. Finer patient stratification and adjuvant treatment options need to be further explored.