Effect Of Formulation On The Indoxacarb And Lufenuron Dissipation In Maize And Risk Assessment

Abstract The supervised field trials were conducted in maize crops using nano-microemulsion (NM) and a commercial formulation of indoxacarb and lufenuron to evaluate the effect of nano-formulation on the dissipation pattern. A modified QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method was utilized for sample analysis. Results showed that the initial deposits of indoxacarb and lufenuron in plants using nano-microemulsion were 0.98 mg/kg and 8.18 mg/kg at recommended dosage while using the commercial formulation, they were 0.85 mg/kg and 5.53 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, half-life (t1/2) values of using nano-microemulsion were 1.25 d and 2.51 d, which were 33.16% and 16.33% shorter than indoxacarb lufenuron from the commercial formulation, suggesting that pesticide formulations have a moderate impact on the initial deposit and dissipation rate. The terminal residue test showed that indoxacarb and lufenuron residues in maize grain and maize straw were below the available maximum residue limit (MRL), suggesting 2% indoxacarb NM and 5% lufenuron NM are safe to use under the recommended dosage. The risk quotient value also revealed an acceptable risk for human consumption. These findings provide scientific evidence of the proper application of 2% indoxacarb NM and 5% lufenuron NM on maize crops.