Development of nano-NiFe2O4 decorated carbon nanotube-based electrodes for the detection of azathioprine by electrochemical method

In this study, NiFe 2 O 4 decorated multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based electrodes were developed for the determination of azathioprine, which are used to prevent rejection in immunosuppressive Rheumatoid arthritis, polyangiitis granulomatosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney transplants. In this electrode structure, NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with MWCNT were added to increase the efficiency of the bare glass carbon electrode (GCE). Modified electrode structures were obtained by coating the obtained MWCNT-NiFe 2 O 4 structures on the GCE. Azathioprine sensitivity of the obtained electrode was confirmed by experimental and theoretical calculations. In addition, the NiFe 2 O 4 size distribution and morphology on the electrode surface were investigated by theoretical calculations. The chemical structure of the prepared modified electrodes was examined by FTIR, X-ray, and EDX techniques. Surface morphology and surface roughness were investigated in detail by SEM techniques. The prepared nanoparticle-loaded carbon-based electrodes exhibited good reproducibility, wide linear range, and selectivity for Azathioprine determination. It is thought that such carbon-based structures may increase the selectivity and sensitivity, especially in the determination of azathioprine in body fluids such as blood.