Endometriosis

Lara LaCaille, Anna Maria Patiño‐Fernández, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, Jorie Butler, Michelle Nicole Burns, David C. Mohr, Ivan Molton, Douglas Carroll, Hugo Critchley, Yoko Nagai, Michelle Skinner, Pamela S. King, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Siqin Ye, Karen Jacobs, Miranda Hellman, Jacqueline Markowitz, Ellen Wuest, Mann Hyung Hur, Janine Sanchez, Andrea Croom, James A. McCubbin, Beate Ditzen, Friedrich Wieser, Robert N. Taylor, Jet Veldhuijzen Zanten, Quinn D. Kellerman, Jennifer Heaney, Marc D. Gellman, G. David Batty, Alicia K. Smith, James W. Schroeder, George J. Trachte, Deidre Pereira, Seema M. Patidar, Catherine Benedict, Urs M. Nater, Sheah Rarback, Maurizio Cutolo, Yoshiyuki Takimoto, Jane Upton, Kristine M. Molina, Orit Birnbaum‐Weitzman, Michael Witthöft, Kristin Kilbourn, Shannon Madore, Bonnie Spring, Molly Ferguson, Stephanie Russell, Alyson Sularz, Megan Roehrig, Peter A. Hall, Jordan Carlson, Alexandre Morizio, Simon Bacon, J. Rick Turner, Yori Gidron, Stephen J. Lepore, Wendy Kliewer, Marcia D. McNutt, Monica Webb Hooper, Gary A. Davis, Kevin S. Masters, Naum Purits, Ingrid Söderback
In: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · 2012 · pp. 690–691 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_14 · W4235835301
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Endometriosis is a benign disorder characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus, potentially causing pelvic pain, infertility, and other symptoms, with an unknown pathogenesis.

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This encyclopedia chapter defines endometriosis as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and notes that it can be asymptomatic or associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and infertility, with reported prevalence of pelvic endometriosis of about 6–10% in the general population and 35–50% among women with pain, infertility, or both. It describes that endometriosis etiology is thought to involve multiple genetic, environmental, immunologic, and potential psychological factors, while the ultimate pathogenesis remains unknown. It also states that laparoscopy or laparotomy is the diagnostic gold standard and references the disease classification system by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, with the caveat that the chapter does not resolve the underlying cause. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it provides a definition, epidemiology, proposed etiologic factors, and diagnosis overview for endometriosis.

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Definition Endometriosis (EM) is a common, benign disorder defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus (Giudice, 2010). EM can be asymptomatic, but it may be associated with severe dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation or “cramps”), pelvic pain (intermittent non-menstrual or continuous pain in the pelvic area), dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), and infertility in affected women. The prevalence of pelvic EM is 6–10% in the general population whereas it approaches 35–50% in women with pain, infertility, or both (Houston, 1984; Sensky & Liu, 1980). The etiology of the disease appears to involve a complex interplay of multiple genetic, environmental, immunologic, and potential psychological factors (Guo, 2009); however, the ultimate pathogenesis of EM is unknown to date. Surgical assessment, by laparoscopy or laparotomy, remains the diagnostic gold standard in order to diagnose EM. The extent of the disease is classified by the American Society for... Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only References and Readings American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (1997). Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis: 1996. Fertility and Sterility, 67(5), 817–821. Asante, A., & Taylor, R. N. (2011). Endometriosis: The role of neuroangiogenesis. Annual Review of Physiology, 73, 163–182. Giudice, L. C. (2010). Clinical practice: Endometriosis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 362(25), 2389–2398. Giudice, L. C., & Kao, L. C. (2004). Endometriosis. The Lancet, 364(9447), 1789–1799. Guo, S. W. (2009). Epigenetics of endometriosis. Molecular Human Reproduction, 15(10), 587–607. Houston, D. E. (1984). Evidence for the risk of pelvic endometriosis by age, race and socioeconomic status. Epidemiologic Reviews, 6, 167–191. Kaatz, J., Solari-Twadell, P. A., Cameron, J., & Schultz, R. (2010). Coping with endometriosis. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 39(2), 220–225. Quiz 225–226. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2004). Endometriosis and infertility. Fertility and Sterility, 82(Suppl. 1), S40–S45. Sensky, T. E., & Liu, D. T. (1980). Endometriosis: associations with menorrhagia, infertility and oral contraceptives. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 17(6), 573–576. Sinaii, N., Cleary, S. D., Ballweg, M. L., Nieman, L. K., & Stratton, P. (2002). High rates of autoimmune and endocrine disorders, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome and atopic diseases among women with endometriosis: a survey analysis. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 17(10), 2715–2724. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, New York About this entry Cite this entry Ditzen, B., Wieser, F., Taylor, R.N. (2013). Endometriosis. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_14 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_14 Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1004-2 Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1005-9 eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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