Population dynamics of seed and seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) in Mizoram, India

Population dynamics of seed and seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) in Mizoram, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Population dynamics of seed and seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) in Mizoram, India Faisal Ismail Musa, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, Ahmed Abdallah Adam Mohamed, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685813/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Seed production, dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment are critical life phases in the trees. Understanding these processes is crucial to recognizing species composition and directional change in ecosystem restoration. This study aims to estimate seed production, dispersal, and fate of the seed population of A. procera (Roxb.) as well as to evaluate its seedling growth performance in relation to microclimates in the natural conditions. Seed production was estimated from 15 sampled trees for three years, and seed dispersal using circular sample plots. Additionally, seeds fall under the mother tree were estimated using seed traps. The mean seed production of A. procera was 145,352 seeds in 2022, 43,607 seeds in 2023, and 41,490 seeds in 2024 seed/plant and it significantly differed between years (P < 0.001) and among individual trees. Strong positive correlations were found between total seed production and tree characteristics such as number of branches, mean number of sub-sub-branches, inflorescences, crown height, and crown diameter. In contrast, a strong negative correlation was observed between seed dispersal and dispersal distance from the mother tree ( r = − 0.908 in 2022, r = − 0.927 in 2023, and r = − 0.855 in 2024). A majority of the seeds produced (55.02% in 2022, 54.25% in 2023 and 52.92 in 2024) fell under the mother tree while seeds disappearance decreased with increasing distance from the mother tree. Further, relative seedling growth rate was strongly influenced by soil temperature, moisture and relative humidity indicating their important role in the successful establishment of A. procera in natural conditions. The findings of this study may help in growth monitoring of A. procera and restoration of degraded land. Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Biological sciences/Plant sciences Albzia procera Seed Production and Dispersal Dispersal Distance Germination Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 26 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7685813","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":534485338,"identity":"881ef686-374b-49e1-9924-b16642a8f83e","order_by":0,"name":"Faisal Ismail 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Dispersal, Dispersal Distance, Germination","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685813/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685813/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSeed production, dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment are critical life phases in the trees. Understanding these processes is crucial to recognizing species composition and directional change in ecosystem restoration. This study aims to estimate seed production, dispersal, and fate of the seed population of \u003cem\u003eA. procera\u003c/em\u003e (Roxb.) as well as to evaluate its seedling growth performance in relation to microclimates in the natural conditions. Seed production was estimated from 15 sampled trees for three years, and seed dispersal using circular sample plots. Additionally, seeds fall under the mother tree were estimated using seed traps. The mean seed production of \u003cem\u003eA. procera\u003c/em\u003e was 145,352 seeds in 2022, 43,607 seeds in 2023, and 41,490 seeds in 2024 seed/plant and it significantly differed between years (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and among individual trees. Strong positive correlations were found between total seed production and tree characteristics such as number of branches, mean number of sub-sub-branches, inflorescences, crown height, and crown diameter. In contrast, a strong negative correlation was observed between seed dispersal and dispersal distance from the mother tree (\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.908 in 2022, \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.927 in 2023, and \u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.855 in 2024). A majority of the seeds produced (55.02% in 2022, 54.25% in 2023 and 52.92 in 2024) fell under the mother tree while seeds disappearance decreased with increasing distance from the mother tree. Further, relative seedling growth rate was strongly influenced by soil temperature, moisture and relative humidity indicating their important role in the successful establishment of \u003cem\u003eA. procera\u003c/em\u003e in natural conditions. The findings of this study may help in growth monitoring of \u003cem\u003eA. procera\u003c/em\u003e and restoration of degraded land.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Population dynamics of seed and seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) in Mizoram, India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-29 16:38:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685813/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-24T11:52:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-24T06:39:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201774796394320511329449650991471113307","date":"2025-10-17T11:17:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"34568528567993093115749394077588279709","date":"2025-10-16T09:28:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-15T19:10:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"136785428028288540022364048564335520901","date":"2025-10-15T15:57:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-15T09:27:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-26T08:16:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-26T04:18:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T09:51:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-22T14:04:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"22d5c5d1-3155-4b9d-b567-6ec77e24398b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":56832605,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology"},{"id":56832606,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":56832607,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-29T16:01:21+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7685813","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28651-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-24 15:57:49","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 24th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-29 16:38:52","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-28651-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28651-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7685813","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7685813","identity":"rs-7685813","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}