Onsite Early Prediction of Peak Amplitudes of Ground Motion Using Multi-scale STFT Spectrogram

Onsite Early Prediction of Peak Amplitudes of Ground Motion Using Multi-scale STFT Spectrogram | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Onsite Early Prediction of Peak Amplitudes of Ground Motion Using Multi-scale STFT Spectrogram Ting-Yu Hsu, Kuan-Lin Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261580/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 May, 2025 Read the published version in Earth, Planets and Space → Version 2 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract On-site earthquake early warning (EEW) techniques, relying on single-station seismic wave measurements, have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating damage caused by destructive earthquakes. Traditionally, these methods leverage diverse P-wave attributes from the initial seismic wave seconds subsequent to the trigger event to estimate earthquake intensity and potential harm. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN), have introduced several approaches for predicting peak ground amplitudes in EEW, yielding promising outcomes. In this study, we propose employing a multi-scale short-time frequency transform spectrogram as the input for a CNN prediction model to enable early on-site estimation of peak ground acceleration, velocity, and displacement. We evaluate the predictive accuracy for earthquakes containing low-frequency components and contrast the results against alternative methods utilizing wavelet packet transform spectrogram and a combined input of time history and Fourier spectrum. Our findings indicate reduced errors in the predicted peak ground motion amplitudes using the proposed methodology, particularly in relation to peak ground velocity and displacement, as compared to the alternative approaches investigated. Full Text Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 May, 2025 Read the published version in Earth, Planets and Space → Version 2 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Feb, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Feb, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 31 Jan, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Jan, 2025 Editorial decision: Minor Revision 21 Aug, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3261580","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410248192,"identity":"5715fe40-91f1-4424-a798-8612384bc9ce","order_by":0,"name":"Ting-Yu Hsu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIie3NPYvCMBjA8ScEmqW1Nz7i4FeoCOJwh18lctDJcxGkgxRBiF9C9DPc0rkS6FRuPsh4awcPl9v08Y1bbOvokD/khSQ/AmCzPWUujQjAEf9HQQ04kZwIpzUFwAuRNYQp2j1MBvih9946aTc4OD+/Ko5BLBJkf7r8FxyHLS8xHcVBBFulEdxsiiCryKjHiTAiDm5VikAnREwV6e69lRlcSYzQLmpJ0PLmZnglnH5xa0he9JqrzLwrzhTmX7qp3HDSl+GhlIjlqLsrZuZts1xkGE1j3xf683v3GpYSeJG3HZufF+c0yXtPb/lp1a3NZrPZqCMat0h7SKgb0AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-8996","institution":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ting-Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Hsu","suffix":""},{"id":410248193,"identity":"3cbf69ae-d7fe-4d5e-b033-a5ca3acae556","order_by":1,"name":"Kuan-Lin Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology - Gongguan Campus: National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kuan-Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-08-14 06:58:28","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261580/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261580/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02194-w","type":"published","date":"2025-05-07T15:57:17+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82537635,"identity":"36d5f7d5-b040-48d2-8e0e-82b57d6681b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-12 16:09:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1122683,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptr1v2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3261580/v2_covered_c258d2ad-5042-419b-85f7-de5f8df7248c.pdf"},{"id":78928188,"identity":"3c4e4643-87f3-4f8a-b992-276f90356f7d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-21 02:05:37","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":107793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3261580/v2/03b5e2c20aff9b4e6fd9166b.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Onsite Early Prediction of Peak Amplitudes of Ground Motion Using Multi-scale STFT Spectrogram","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"earth-planets-and-space","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"epsp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Earth, Planets and Space](http://earth-planets-space.springeropen.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/epsp/default.aspx","title":"Earth, Planets and Space","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261580/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3261580/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOn-site earthquake early warning (EEW) techniques, relying on single-station seismic wave measurements, have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating damage caused by destructive earthquakes. 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