AI based Optimization of EV Control based on Fractional Order PID Controller and Meta-Heuristic Techniques

Abstract Within the next decades the Electric Vehicle (EV) will dominate the cars market, may be before 2040, where all countries will cope with the zero emissions policy of international institutions to reduce the destructive influence of the climate change. The EVs are simpler in construction and control compared with the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. EV’s speed is the most important factors to be controlled and optimized. Throughout this research article the Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller has been used to regulate the speed of the EV while meta-heuristic techniques (AEFA, AEO, SMA, GOA, AND WCA) are used to optimize the performance of the EV using Brush Less Direct Motor (BLDC).