Digital Inclusion of Elderly Population: Adoption of Device Centric Contactless Replacing Cash-A Systematic Review

Digital Inclusion of Elderly Population: Adoption of Device Centric Contactless Replacing Cash-A Systematic Review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Digital Inclusion of Elderly Population: Adoption of Device Centric Contactless Replacing Cash-A Systematic Review Ntswaki Matlala, Faith Samela This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The global transition to a cashless society, driven by technologies such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay, presents both significant opportunities and challenges especially for elderly populations. While these centric contactless payment technologies offer the promise of financial autonomy, enhanced convenience, and improved quality of life, older adults often face barriers to adoption due to digital exclusion. This study conducts a systematic review to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with elderly adoption of device centric contactless payment systems. Using PRISMA guidelines, 1,272 articles were initially identified from databases including Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Scopus. After applying eligibility criteria, 32 peer reviewed empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included in the final analysis. Thematic synthesis revealed five key themes: digital literacy and usability, accessibility constraints, social support, perceived security, and design suitability. Although these technologies offer autonomy and convenience, elderly users frequently encounter obstacles such as cognitive overload, poor interface design, low digital trust, and infrastructural limitations especially in rural and underserved areas. Conversely, adoption is facilitated by intergenerational support, inclusive policies, and age-friendly device design. There review identifies a lack of longitudinal and qualitative research, particularly in the Global South, and calls for inclusive digital finance strategies. It is among the first systematic reviews to examine device centric contactless payment adoption through the lens of elderly digital inclusion, offering policy and design recommendations for promoting equitable access in emerging economies. digital inclusion elderly population device centric adoption contactless payments cashless society Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Historically, economic transactions began with barter systems, where goods were exchanged directly including but not limited to trading sweet potatoes for maize meal. The introduction of physical currency modernised trade, enabling consumers to make payments using cash. However, recent advances in digital technology have revolutionised the payment landscape. Consumers can now make purchases by simply tapping a smartphone, smartwatch, or other smart devices, made possible by near-field communication (NFC) technology. This contactless innovation, embedded in platforms such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, Garmin Pay, and Samsung Pay, enables fast, secure, and device centric financial transactions (Agrawal, 2021; Ailisto et al., 2007; Anyiam et al., 2023). These innovations are part of a broader shift toward digital inclusion, which involves ensuring that all individuals, particularly marginalised and underserved populations, can access and effectively use digital tools and resources (Leedahl et al., 2023). Digital inclusion encompasses reliable internet access, availability of digital devices, tailored digital literacy training, technical support, and the capacity to engage with online applications (Chetty et al., 2018; Liu, 2024; Prasastiningtyas et al., 2024). Contactless payment systems exemplify the convergence of these components and their potential to promote financial inclusion and equitable access to affordable and secure financial services. Although contactless technologies have been widely adopted by younger demographics, older adults (aged 60 and above) remain disproportionately excluded. The rapid digitisation of financial systems presents considerable challenges for this group, which is often characterised by limited exposure to modern technology, lower digital literacy, and physical or cognitive constraints (Choudrie et al., 2018; Andalib Touchaei & Hashim, 2024; Razali et al., 2024). As a result, the elderly face barriers in transitioning from cash-based transactions to device centric payment systems (Mitzner et al., 2010; Benson et al., 2019; Wong et al., 2022). This exclusion is increasingly concerning given global demographic trends. The population of people aged 60 and above is projected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050, spanning both developed and developing countries (Koconcerningth Africa, the mid-year population estimate for 2024 was 63.02 million, with life expectancies of 63.6 years for males and 69.2 years for females, indicating an ageing society (Stats SA, 2024). Positive ageing frameworks now emphasise not only longevity but also functional independence and self-determination, which can be supported by digital financial participation (Chua et al., 2024; Msweli & Mawela, 2021). However, multiple studies have identified barriers that hinder elderly engagement with contactless technologies. These include insufficient digital literacy, distrust in the security of digital systems, and the cognitive burden of adapting to new interfaces (Thomas et al., 2024; Hanif & Lallie, 2021; Vailati Riboni et al., 2020). Physical impairments such as reduced dexterity or poor vision, as well as socioeconomic factors, such as low income, dependence on social grants, or limited access to smartphones, exacerbate this divide. Furthermore, a lack of interpersonal support from family or community institutions reinforces digital exclusion (Fernández-Ardèvol & Rosales, 2018; Yao & Coles-Kemp, 2019). Despite these challenges, contactless payment systems offer transformative opportunities for the elderly. Financial inclusion for older adults can enhance autonomy, reduce dependency on cash, and promote active participation in the digital economy (Malladi et al., 2021). With appropriate interventions, such as targeted digital literacy programs, accessible device interfaces, and dedicated support systems, these technologies can empower older individuals to manage their finances independently (Hunsaker & Hargittai, 2018; van Dijk, 2020; Martins Van Jaarsveld, 2020). Existing research highlights the importance of understanding the socio-technical dynamics that influence elderly users’ behaviors towards adopting such innovations. In this context, this study undertakes a systematic review of empirical and theoretical literature to investigate the multifaceted barriers and enabling conditions for contactless payment adoption among the elderly. The review is structured around five core research questions, each targeting a critical determinant of adoption: RQ1.To what extent do digital literacy and usability challenges hinder elderly populations from adopting contactless payment technologies? RQ2. How do socioeconomic status, cognitive limitations, and social support impact the ability of elderly individuals to transition to cashless technologies? RQ3. How do trust, perceived risk, and security concerns influence resistance to contactless payment adoption among older adults? RQ4. How does adopting centric contactless payment technologies enhance financial inclusion, accessibility, and financial self-sufficiency among elderly populations in underserved communities? RQ5. To what extent does participation in digital literacy programmes affect confidence and adoption rates among elderly users? By addressing these questions, this systematic review aims to synthesise existing empirical literature on the adoption of device centric contactless payment systems among elderly populations. It analyses both the barriers, such as digital literacy gaps, trust and privacy concerns, physical and cognitive limitations, and inadequate support, as well as the opportunities for improved digital and financial inclusion. By identifying research gaps and highlighting best practices, this study aims to inform policymakers, financial service providers, technology developers, and gerontologists about inclusive strategies for integrating older adults into the digital cashless economy. A multi-dimensional strategy is therefore necessary: improving access to smart devices and internet infrastructure, tailoring training programs to the elderly's needs, and simplifying payment interfaces can collectively promote adoption. Moreover, digital ecosystems must be inclusive, considering the design, privacy, trust, and affordability factors that are crucial for elderly users (Abdi et al., 2021; X. Wang et al., 2023). Finally, the paper is a systematic review that searched and evaluated the adoption of device centric contactless payment for older adults. It followed the PRISMA guidelines, detailing the search strategy, study selection process, characteristics of the included studies, and the synthesis of results. 2. Research Methods This systematic review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the digital inclusion of the elderly population through the adoption of device centric contactless payment methods. The transparent, repeatable, and iterative nature of the review process led to the utilisation of a Systematic Literature Review methodology (SLR). This method provides an impartial basis for excluding research that is not directly relevant, addressing the issue of subjectivity found in traditional reviews. The widespread availability of electronic databases has facilitated timely and systematic research. The purpose of this article review is to explore the landscape of adoption of device centric contactless payment among older individuals (Gogo’s, Senior Citizens, Older People, Elderly, Silver-Grey Hair). The investigation involved a comprehensive search for articles examining the adoption of device centric contactless payment at merchant locations. The review employed a comprehensive search strategy across multiple academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar to locate pertinent peer reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and other scholarly sources. The search terms encompassed keywords related to the elderly population, digital technologies, and contactless payments, such as "elderly," "older adults," "digital inclusion," "contactless payment," and "mobile banking." The studies should focus on digital inclusion or financial inclusion for the elderly population, examine the adoption or use of device centric contactless payment methods or related digital technologies, and be published in English between 2019 and 2025. Relevant data from the selected studies were extracted and synthesised, emphasising key themes such as barriers to adoption, facilitators of adoption, and the potential impact of contactless payment technologies on the elderly population (see Tables 1 & 2 ). This systematic literature review followed the PRISMA guidelines (Liberati et al., 2009). The study employed a search of selected relevant databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. The next step involved adopting appropriate keywords and their combinations, which included "digital inclusion," "contactless payments," "older adults," "elderly," "silver grey," "senior citizens," "device centric payments," "technology adoption," and "financial technology." After a comprehensive search of the relevant databases using this set of keywords, 659 articles were identified. The subsequent step was to remove any duplicates, resulting in 599 papers being selected. Following the eligibility check, a total of 55 articles were identified for further review. Finally, after a full-text review of these papers, a total of 32 articles were included in this review. Table 1 Summary of Methodology Search strategy • The review used a thorough search strategy across several academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. to find relevant peer reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and other scholarly sources. • The search terms included keywords such as “digital inclusion,” “contactless payments,” “older adults,” “elderly,” “Silver grey”, “Senior Citizens”. “device centric payments,” “technology adoption,” “financial technology”. Eligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria • Studies were published between 2019 and 2025. • Peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and gray literature. • Studies focusing on contactless payment adoption by older adults (aged 60+). • Papers that discuss factors affecting the adoption of device centric, opportunities, barriers or challenges and facilitators. Eligibility Criteria: Exclusion • Studies focusing exclusively on elderly health. • Non-English language papers (if language translation is a barrier). • Studies exclusively for the population below 60. • Studies published Pre 2019 Data Extraction and Synthesis • Relevant data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized, with a focus on key themes such as barriers to adoption, facilitators of adoption, and the potential impact of contactless payment technologies on the elderly population Table 2 Identification of studies via database and Search Query Identification of studies via database and Search Query Search Query and database Keywords: "digital inclusion" AND "elderly" OR "seniors" OR "older adults” AND "contactless payments" OR "mobile payments" OR "device centric" "technology adoption" AND "barriers" OR "opportunities" AND “digital literacy" AND "financial technology" Initial screening results Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Scopus N = 1272 Articles Excluded (n = 0) Remove Duplicate Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus N = 1152 Articles Excluded (n = 120) Articles after Eligibility Check Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus N = 56 Articles Excluded (n = 1096) Final Count of Relevant Articles Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus N = 32 Articles Excluded (n = 24) 3. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the number of publications regarding digital inclusion of elderly populations and contactless payment systems. 2019 had four publications, followed by a slight decline in 2020 to three, and a drop in 2021 to two. 2022 saw a resurgence with eight publications, and 2023 remained high with seven. This upward trend suggests a shift towards exploring inclusive technological solutions, driven by AI and the urgency for inclusive digital financial systems. The rise in interdisciplinary research underscores the evolving complexity and the need for more regionally diverse studies. The existing systematic review literature highlights several obstacles that hinder the integration of elderly individuals into the digital realm, particularly in relation to adopting contactless payment methods centred around electronic devices see Table 3 . Table 3 Summary of Key Themes Barriers Summary of Key Barriers: Digital Literacy and Usability Risk Physical/Cognitive Limitations Socioeconomic Factors Support digital literacy, lack of familiarity intuitive Design lacking user-friendly features lack of technological literacy lack of confidence Perceived risks, privacy, security, operational and financial risks • Physical • Cognitive. Lack of devices; Cost barriers and affordability: technological anxiety Limited customer support; Absence of training programs: Table 3 presents the key challenges facing elderly populations in adopting device centric contactless payment systems. Digital exclusion remains a foundational issue, particularly in rural and low-income settings where internet connectivity and device access are minimal (Hou & Chen, 2024; Marston et al., 2019). Trust concerns, driven by fears of digital fraud and poor cybersecurity awareness, exacerbate resistance to adoption (Cham et al., 2022; Akana, 2020). Interface design complexity and declining cognitive-motor abilities further limit usage without supportive modifications (Dai et al., 2023; Chua et al., 2024). Social and economic disparities also shape digital literacy and autonomy, highlighting the need for more targeted inclusion policies (Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Chan et al., 2024). Without coordinated institutional efforts, the pace of digital transformation risks leaving behind one of society's most vulnerable groups. RQ1. To what extent do Digital Literacy and usability challenges hinder elderly populations from adopting contactless payment technologies? A consistent body of literature underscores that elderly individuals often referred to as the silver-haired population face considerable challenges in adopting new digital technologies, particularly device centric contactless payment systems (Akana, 2020; Arora et al., 2022; Chaouali & Souiden, 2019; Farivar et al., 2020; He et al., 2023; Jena, 2023; Ligon et al., 2019; Morrison et al., 2023; Msweli & Mawela, 2020; Vatsa & Agarwal, 2022; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023; Yang et al., 2023; Zhang, 2023; Zhang & Poon, 2021; Zhu et al., 2024). One of the primary impediments identified is a deficiency in digital literacy, often manifesting as difficulties in understanding and navigating complex technological interfaces. This is frequently compounded by a generalised anxiety towards technology use, which further hinders adoption and sustained engagement. Morrison et al. (2023) note that although the COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for increased experimentation with contactless payments among older adults, many reverted to cash transactions post-pandemic. This regression is primarily attributed to ongoing digital anxiety, low confidence in using technology, and persistent concerns around digital security. The perceived complexity of contactless payment systems ranging from interface design to verification procedures, often acts as a deterrent, making the technology appear inaccessible and overwhelming (Bao et al., 2023; Mei, 2024). The generational digital divide exacerbates this exclusion, as older adults often lack opportunities to acquire foundational digital skills compared to their younger counterparts. Yang et al. (2023) found that perceived usefulness and ease of use are significantly influenced by trust, with performance-related and financial risks playing a critical role in adoption decisions. RQ2. How do socioeconomic status, cognitive limitations and social support impact on the ability of elderly individuals to transition to cashless technologies? A consistent finding across studies(Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Jin & Fan, 2022; Ligon et al., 2019; D. Morrison & McCutheon, 2019; Moxley et al., 2022; Sharma et al., 2020; Vijeta & Yadav, 2025; Xie, 2023; Zhu et al., 2024) revealed that socioeconomic factors, such as income, education, and access to technology, significantly impact the adoption of contactless payment technologies among the elderly. Seniors from lower-income or less-educated backgrounds often face barriers due to limited access to digital devices and infrastructure, as well as lower digital literacy and familiarity with online financial services. In contrast, those with higher incomes and education tend to have more experience with digital technologies, facilitating their adoption of contactless payments. The importance of addressing these socioeconomic disparities through targeted programmes to improve technology access and digital skills training for economically disadvantaged elderly groups cannot be overstated in promoting more inclusive digital integration. Physical and cognitive limitations significantly hinder older adults' adoption of device centric, contactless payment systems. These barriers manifest in various ways, affecting usability and accessibility. Yap et al. (2022) highlighted the challenges faced by senior citizens in adopting new payment technologies, particularly those aged 60 and above, due to declining physical and cognitive capabilities. This aligns with findings from the previous researcher (Ubam et al., 2021)), who reported that 34 out of 36 senior citizens in their study had impaired eyesight, potentially affecting their ability to use mobile payment interfaces Many older adults face cognitive challenges that complicate their ability to navigate complex digital payment interfaces (Alfie et al., 2023; Chan et al., 2024; Mitzner et al., 2019; Ngan et al., 2025; Razali et al., 2024; Wang, 2020; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023; Yap et al., 2022). This demographic often experiences difficulties with memory and processing speed, which can lead to frustration and disengagement from technology. Psychological factors, such as fear of technology and self-exclusion, further exacerbate these issues, resulting in a reluctance to adopt cashless payment methods (Mohd Zaid et al., 2023; Warchlewska, 2020). Prior researchers(Deng et al., 2014) emphasized the impact of technology anxiety on the behavioural intentions of older adults, noting that declining physical and cognitive capabilities may lead to higher levels of anxiety and reduced intention to use advanced technologies. Zhang (2023) echoed this finding, finding that older adults generally encounter more barriers and have more negative attitudes towards technology compared to younger and middle-aged people. Studies reviewed(Alfie et al., 2023; Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Bao et al., 2023; Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Jin & Fan, 2022; Jithendran & Rajeev Kumar, 2022; Ligon et al., 2019; Razali et al., 2024; Ubam et al., 2021; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023) indicates that physical limitations, particularly visual impairments that are common among senior citizens, create significant barriers to the adoption and use of device centric contactless payment systems. Furthermore, memory issues can hinder their ability to remember passwords or navigate apps, leading to disengagement(Dequanter et al., 2022). Aguilera et al. (2010) identified usability challenges faced by seniors when using digital payment apps, including issues with small fonts, complex interfaces, and unfamiliar touch gestures. These findings underscore the importance of user-centered design in digital payment applications. The absence of user-friendly interfaces tailored to these limitations can alienate older adults from accessing essential financial services (Alfie et al., 2023; Jithendran & Rajeev Kumar, 2022) Moreover, the design of many contactless payment options often overlooks the challenges in physical dexterity faced by older individuals, making it more difficult for them to interact with smartphones or Tablets technology. However, some research suggests that suitable design modifications and targeted educational initiatives can empower the senior citizen community, including the Sylver Grey demographic, to effectively engage with contactless payment technologies (Das, 2024; Latke, 2024; Tomczyk & Kielar, 2024; X. Zhang & Dolah, 2024). This underscores the potential for fostering inclusivity within financial services. Social Influence and Support The influence of family, Stokvel members, friends, and trusted community members can play a crucial role in encouraging the elderly to adopt and use contactless payment technologies (Alexandru et al., 2019; Dai et al., 2023; Jin & Fan, 2022; Msweli & Mawela, 2021; Mui Hung Kee et al., 2022; Razali et al., 2024; Vijeta & Yadav, 2025; Yang et al., 2023). Adequate social support and guidance help overcome barriers and facilitate the adoption process (Zhu et al., 2024). This population (the elderly, older individuals, silver-haired people) is more likely to embrace these new technologies when they receive encouragement and assistance from their social networks (Fingerman et al., 2020). Family members can provide hands-on training and troubleshooting, while community organisations and senior centres can offer educational workshops and peer-to-peer support groups (Suchowerska & McCosker, 2022). This type of social support builds the elderly's confidence, reduces their fears and anxieties, and enables them to navigate technological complexities more effectively (Batra at al., 2024). Additionally, positive endorsements and testimonials from trusted peers can help overcome the elderly's scepticism and promote the perceived benefits of contactless payments, further driving adoption within this demographic (Lee & Coughlin, 2015). Limited customer support on older adults may feel underserved by customer support systems that are often designed with the needs and preferences of younger, more tech-savvy users in mind (Dai et al., 2023). These systems may not adequately address the unique challenges such as technological barrier, complex interfaces and support requirements of elderly individuals, leaving them feeling frustrated and unable to resolve issues encountered when using contactless payment technologies effectively (Jin et al., 2021; Jin & Fan, 2022). Absence of targeted training programs There is a lack of sufficient resources, such as specialised training programmes or community workshops, specifically designed to teach seniors the necessary skills and provide the hands-on guidance required for them to confidently and competently use digital payment systems (World Bank, 2020, Xu et al., 2022; (Jin et al., 2021; Jin & Fan, 2022; Knight et al., 2024). Without access to these tailored educational opportunities, many elderly individuals may struggle to develop the digital literacy and comfort needed to adopt and utilise these emerging payment technologies. RQ3. How do trust, perceived risk, and security concerns influence the resistance to device centric contactless payment adoption among older adults? Persistent concerns regarding trust and security significantly influence the adoption and usage of contactless payment technologies among older adult consumers (T.-H. Cham et al., 2022; Das, 2024; Hou & Chen, 2024; Knight et al., 2023; T. Liu & Li, 2022; D. Morrison & McCutheon, 2019; Msweli & Mawela, 2020, 2021; Umakanth et al., 2024; (Vijeta & Yadav, 2025; Vatsa & Agarwal, 2022; Xu et al., 2024; Yang et al., 2023; M. Zhang & Poon, 2021; Zhao & Bacao, 2021). While there is a growing interest and inclination within this demographic to embrace digital payment methods, various barriers continue to hinder widespread adoption. These barriers include technological unfamiliarity and deep-seated apprehensions and anxieties surrounding privacy and security issues (Vijeta & Yadav, 2025). The elderly population's trust and security concerns regarding contactless payment stem from their privacy perceptions (Vitak & Shilton, 2020), influenced by awareness (Huang et al., 2024), experiences (Yang et al., 2023), and demographic differences (Mouna & Jarboui, 2022). These factors impact their willingness to adopt such technology, highlighting the need for targeted exploration of these contextual relationships (Knight et al., 2023). Developing a comprehensive understanding of these concerns is a critical imperative for financial service providers, as it will enable them to foster greater acceptance and adoption of contactless payment systems among senior citizens, a key consumer segment. Older adults often exhibit lower levels of trust in digital payment systems compared to younger users, primarily due to fears of fraud and cyber threats (Cham et al., 2022). While privacy concerns are a significant barrier for many older adults when it comes to adopting contactless payment technologies (Morrison & McCutheon, 2019). They worry that their personal information could be at risk of being compromised or misused. Research suggests that older consumers often prefer more uncomplicated and straightforward authentication methods than complex security measures (Mitzner et al., 2010). This can further complicate their willingness to engage with and embrace new payment technologies, as they may find the security processes too challenging or confusing to navigate (Knight et al., 2023). Additionally, the perceived security risks associated with mobile payments can deter older individuals from adopting these technologies, as they may feel vulnerable to scams and social engineering (Vatsa & Agarwal, 2022). Addressing these security and privacy concerns through clear communication, user-friendly designs, and robust data protection measures will encourage greater adoption among older demographics. The systematic review underscores several significant opportunities arising from the adoption of device centric contactless payment methods by the elderly population: Table 4 Summary of Key Themes Opportunities: Summary of Key themes Opportunities: Improved financial inclusion: Enhanced convenience and accessibility Increased digital literacy Asssess to services and support Financial Vulnerability and Inclusion Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and convenience Education and Training Programs Simplified User Interfaces Family and Community Support., Awareness campaigns Remote Bill Payments; Increased Convenience in Purchasing Essentials; Reduced Dependency on Cash; Financial Management and Independence. Table 4 outlines the primary opportunities for improving digital inclusion and promoting the adoption of contactless payment technologies among the elderly. Improved financial inclusion, driven by enhanced access to digital services and reduced dependency on cash, can empower elderly users particularly in rural areas (Hou & Chen, 2024; Febrianto et al., 2023). Increased digital literacy, supported by education and community-led training initiatives, fosters user confidence and promotes long-term adoption (Chua et al., 2024; Chan et al., 2024). Technological design improvements, such as simplified user interfaces, and intergenerational support systems further reduce barriers to use (Dai et al., 2023; Chaouali & Souiden, 2019). These findings suggest that user-centered, policy-aligned strategies hold significant promises for fostering inclusive financial ecosystems that cater to the needs of older adults. RQ4. How does adopting device centric contactless payment technologies enhance financial inclusion, improve accessibility and convenience, and promote financial independence and self-sufficiency among elderly populations in underserved communities? Financial inclusion represents a crucial paradigm shift in the global economy, transcending mere access to financial services and encompassing the provision of secure, user-friendly, and affordable financial instruments tailored to the unique requirements of marginalised and vulnerable populations (Malladi et al., 2021). This includes low-income individuals, rural communities, and undocumented persons, who have traditionally been excluded from the formal financial sector. Improved financial inclusion represents a crucial avenue for enhancing the well-being of the elderly, providing access to essential financial services and fostering economic empowerment (Malik et al., 2024; Wakil Ali, 2024). The World Bank characterises financial inclusion as the provision of affordable and practical financial services. Such services must be sustainable for the provider and secure for the consumer, operating within a well-regulated framework (Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2017; Malladi et al., 2021). Financial inclusion, at its core, involves delivering financial services such as credit, deposits, insurance, and payments at affordable costs to disadvantaged and impoverished segments of society, thereby offering equitable opportunities for elderly to access formal financial facilities for their welfare (Marcelin & Sun, 2023; Mukherjee & Sood, 2020). Study reviewed (Balakrishnan & Shuib, 2021; Febrianto et al., 2023; D. Morrison & McCutheon, 2019; Mouna & Jarboui, 2022) indicates that financial inclusion can alleviate the vulnerabilities faced by ageing populations, particularly through the provision of digital financial services and mobile banking. The elderly often experience financial vulnerability due to inadequate social grant payments and rising living costs. Inclusive digital finance has been shown to improve financial stability for ageing families by mitigating credit constraints and increasing household income. Furthermore, financial inclusion has been found to positively impact the health outcomes of older adults, suggesting that access to financial services can lead to better overall health and quality of life (Allen et al., 2016). Marcelin and Sun (2022) conducted a study on financial inclusion and its impact on older workers. They created a financial inclusion index incorporating usage, barriers, and access to financial resources. Their findings revealed that households with higher financial inclusion scores were more likely to have higher incomes, own homes, and possess real estate wealth. Importantly, the study found that financial inclusion led to long-term improvements in wealth and retirement outcomes, particularly benefiting minority groups such as elderly community and disable. The researchers also observed that financial inclusion was associated with improved family and work resilience, reduced stress, and lower incidence of drug-related problems. In a study focusing on the relationship between financial inclusion and physical health functioning among aging populations. Enhanced convenience and accessibility The ease and speed of contactless payments can significantly enhance the everyday financial experiences of older adults (Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Hou & Chen, 2024; Huang et al., 2024; Okunbor et al., 2020; Rathore, 2016; Teker et al., 2022; (Vijeta & Yadav, 2025; Xie, 2023; Yang et al., 2023). Contactless payment methods can minimise the physical and cognitive demands associated with conventional cash and card transactions, making it easier for the elderly to manage their finances independently and improve their quality of life (Mitzner et al., 2019; Tomczyk & Kielar, 2024; Umakanth et al., 2024) The seamless and efficient nature of these digital payment solutions can help alleviate challenges faced by older adults, such as the difficulty of handling physical currency or inserting and removing payment cards. This enhanced accessibility and convenience can promote greater financial independence and improved quality of life for the elderly population (Jin & Fan, 2022; Kongkaew & Thipjumnong, 2023; Sixsmith et al., 2022)). Promoting Independence and Self-Sufficiency The use of device centric contactless payment technologies can provide valuable support for elderly users, enabling them to manage their finances independently without relying on others (Chua et al., 2024; Dai et al., 2023; Latke, 2024; Razali et al., 2024; Tomczyk & Kielar, 2024; (Vijeta & Yadav, 2025; Umakanth et al., 2024).This fosters greater sense of autonomy, confidence, and self-sufficiency, empowering older adults to take an active role in managing their affairs and maintaining control over their financial well-being By reducing dependence on external assistance, these technologies enhance the independence and self-reliance of elderly individuals, positively contributing to their overall quality of life and sense of personal agency. Begde et al. (2024) conducted a comprehensive study on the adoption of contactless payment technologies among older adults. Their findings indicate that these technologies can significantly enhance financial independence for elderly users by providing a secure and convenient method of conducting transactions. The researchers emphasize the importance of user-centered design and gradual integration of these technologies into daily routines to ensure successful adoption. In a related study, Liu et al. (2022) investigated the usability of wearable payment devices for older adults. Their research demonstrates that wearable devices, such as smartwatches with contactless payment capabilities, can offer a more accessible and user-friendly alternative to traditional payment methods for elderly users.(Hou & Chen, 2024) The authors highlight the potential of these technologies to reduce reliance on cash and physical cards, thereby promoting greater financial autonomy. RQ5. To what extent do the impact of digital literacy programmes affect the confidence and adoption rates of contactless payments among elderly individuals? The systematic review identifies increased digital literacy as a pivotal enabler of device centric contactless payment adoption among elderly populations. As digital technologies become deeply integrated into everyday life, equipping older adults with the skills and confidence to navigate these systems is crucial for broader digital inclusion (Choi et al., 2024; Tellado et al., 2024).The adoption of contactless payments serves as gateway technology, encouraging the elderly to engage with other digital tools and services, from mobile banking to e-health platforms (Hou & Chen, 2024). However, this potential is contingent upon overcoming several barriers: Tailored education and training programs, when focused on practical, confidence-building experiences, have shown to significantly increase the adoption of mobile payments (Nam et al., 2023; Chan et al., 2024; Batra et al., 2024; Vijeta & Yadav, 2025). Programs that emphasize dialogic and peer-supported learning environments, especially for older women, help reduce anxiety and build essential smartphone and payment skills (Tellado et al., 2024). Simplified user interfaces, characterized by large fonts, fewer steps, and clear visual feedback, reduce cognitive load and increase usability (Atkinson et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2023; Ubam et al., 2021). Family and community involvement plays a critical support role. Younger relatives and volunteers can offer personalized guidance, while community workshops create inclusive learning ecosystems (Das, 2024; Msweli & Mawela, 2020; Burmeister et al., 2016; Prodromou et al., 2019; Suchowerska & McCosker, 2022). 4. Conclusion, Implications, Limitations, and Future Research Directions This systematic review investigated the multifaceted barriers and enablers influencing the adoption of device centric contactless payment technologies among elderly populations, with particular attention to underserved and digitally marginalised communities. The findings reveal that while digital inclusion presents promising opportunities for financial empowerment, enhanced autonomy, and broader social participation among older adults, these benefits remain constrained by significant structural, cognitive, and perceptual challenges. Digital literacy deficiencies (RQ1), compounded by usability hurdles and interface complexity, continue to serve as core obstacles to adoption. Socioeconomic disparities, cognitive and physical limitations, and inadequate support structures (RQ2) further widen the digital divide. In parallel, persistent security concerns, low trust in digital systems, and privacy fears (RQ3) inhibit adoption despite increasing exposure to digital ecosystems. Conversely, the review also identified transformative opportunities (RQ4, RQ5): inclusive digital financial services improve access, reduce dependency on cash, and promote independence and confidence in managing finances. Community-led education programs, family support, simplified interfaces, and peer learning models were shown to be instrumental in equipping elderly individuals with the necessary capabilities and motivation to embrace contactless payment technologies. The findings of this systematic review hold several important implications for policymakers, financial institutions, technology developers, and community-based educators working to enhance digital inclusion for elderly populations. For policymakers and financial institutions, there is a pressing need to embed digital inclusion strategies within broader financial inclusion agendas, particularly targeting low-income and rural elderly individuals. National and regional policy frameworks should support the affordability and accessibility of digital infrastructure, including mobile devices and secure contactless payment platforms. Moreover, regulatory authorities must enforce inclusive design standards that ensure all financial service platforms meet minimum accessibility criteria. These should encompass legible font sizes, simplified navigation, multimodal authentication mechanisms, and robust consumer protection policies tailored to the digital vulnerabilities of the elderly. Strengthening fraud protection systems, streamlining dispute resolution mechanisms, and providing around-the-clock human support services can further improve digital trust and uptake among this demographic. From a technological perspective, developers of fintech products must adopt user-centered design approaches that accommodate the sensory, cognitive, and physical limitations associated with aging. Engaging older adults in product design, testing, and feedback loops will help ensure that solutions are grounded in their lived experiences. The implementation of adaptive interfaces with large icons, clear instructions, and minimal navigation steps can enhance usability and reduce the cognitive burden of transactions. In addition, the introduction of wearable and voice-enabled contactless payment devices may provide more inclusive alternatives for users with visual or motor impairments. Developers should also explore creating “senior modes” within apps that focus on essential functionalities such as balance checking and payments while removing unnecessary features that can overwhelm users. For educators, community organisations, and NGOs, the imperative lies in delivering tailored digital literacy programs that are sensitive to the learning styles and cultural contexts of elderly learners. These initiatives should prioritise local languages, use practical hands-on methods, and be delivered through peer-mentoring or dialogic learning approaches. Evidence from the reviewed literature suggests that intergenerational learning where family members or youth volunteers provide support can be particularly effective in building confidence and reducing digital anxiety among older adults. To enhance support ecosystems, community-based access points such as senior centres, libraries, or clinics should be equipped to offer on-demand training, troubleshooting, and digital resources. Furthermore, inclusive public awareness campaigns highlighting the benefits and safety of digital payments, especially those featuring relatable elderly role models can foster positive perceptions and build user confidence. These campaigns should frame technology adoption as a means of improving independence, convenience, and dignity in later life. Collectively, these implications suggest a multifaceted strategy that spans technological design, educational outreach, regulatory oversight, and cultural sensitivity. By coordinating efforts across these domains, stakeholders can foster a more inclusive digital financial ecosystem that empowers elderly individuals to engage confidently and safely with contactless payment technologies. Future Research Directions Building on the insights derived from this systematic review, several future research avenues are proposed to deepen understanding and improve interventions aimed at enhancing device centric contactless payment adoption among elderly populations. First, longitudinal studies are essential to capture the evolving dynamics of elderly users’ attitudes, trust levels, and behavioural intentions over time. Such research can illuminate whether initial apprehension diminishes with repeated exposure, and which factors such as confidence, usability, or social reinforcement play a pivotal role in sustained engagement with digital payments. Second, there is a need for region-specific case studies, particularly in underrepresented areas such as rural sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and indigenous communities. These studies can explore contextual nuances, including cultural perceptions, infrastructural limitations, and familial support systems, that influence digital adoption patterns. Investigating these unique localities will yield actionable insights for tailoring interventions in settings with distinct socioeconomic or technological constraints. Third, future work should include comparative analyses of various device centric tools used in contactless payments, including biometric authentication, wearable payment devices, and traditional contactless cards. Understanding the usability preferences and adoption rates across these modalities in elderly cohorts can inform design decisions and technology deployment strategies that prioritize inclusivity. Intervention-based studies also warrant attention. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate the effectiveness of different types of digital literacy programs such as online modules, peer-led training, and community-based workshops can provide empirical evidence on which educational models are most effective in fostering confidence, comprehension, and adoption among the elderly. These evaluations should also consider gender, age brackets, and literacy levels to account for heterogeneity within older populations. Finally, trust and risk remain recurring themes that demand further quantitative modelling. Future research could develop robust predictive frameworks to examine how variables such as perceived security risk, privacy concerns, prior experiences with fraud, and institutional trust influence the adoption of contactless technologies. Such models can leverage structural equation modelling (SEM) or machine learning classifiers to identify the most salient predictors of resistance or acceptance in this demographic group. Together, these future directions can help shift the paradigm from broad assumptions about the elderly to evidence-based, user-centred strategies that effectively bridge the digital divide in an increasingly cashless global economy. Declarations Funding: No funding was received for this study. Ethical approval: not applicable. Author Contribution All authors wrote the manuscript.All authors reviewed the manuscript. References Abdi, S., De Witte, L., & Hawley, M. (2021). Exploring the potential of emerging technologies to meet the care and support needs of older people: A delphi survey. Geriatrics (Switzerland) , 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010019 Ailisto, H., Matinmikko, T., Häikiö, J., Ylisaukko-oja, A., Strömmer, E., Hillukkala, M., Wallin, A., Siira, E., Pöyry, A., Törmänen, V., Leskinen, S., & Salonen, J. (2007). Physical browsing with NFC technology. In VTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (Issue 2400). Akana, T. (2020). Contactless Payment Cards: Trends and Barriers to Consumer Adoption in the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia , May . Agrawal, S. (2021). Integrating digital wallets: Advancements in contactless payment technologies. International Journal of Intelligent Automation and Computing , 4 (8), 1–14. Albarqi, M. N. (2024). Exploring the Effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Interventions for Promoting Independence in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 12, Issue 21). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12212105 Alexandru, A., Coardos, D., & Tudora, E. (2019). Acceptance of the technologies deployed for the development of online public services and systems used by elderly. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2019 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ECAI46879.2019.9042058 Alfie, N. A., Sidi, J., Junaini, S. N., Chai, W. Y., Mit, E., & Gedat, R. (2023). Bridging the Digital Gap: A Systematic Review on UI/UX Design Considerations for Elderly-friendly Digital Wallets. 2023 6th International Conference on Applied Computational Intelligence in Information Systems: Intelligent and Resilient Digital Innovations for Sustainable Living, ACIIS 2023 - Proceedings . https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIIS59385.2023.10367419 Allen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Martinez Peria, M. S. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. Journal of Financial Intermediation , 27 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2015.12.003 Al-Sharafi, M. A., Al-Qaysi, N., Iahad, N. A., & Al-Emran, M. (2022). Evaluating the sustainable use of mobile payment contactless technologies within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic using a hybrid SEM-ANN approach. International Journal of Bank Marketing , 40 (5), 1071–1095. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2021-0291 Andalib Touchaei, S., & Hazarina Hashim, N. (2024). The Antecedents of Mobile Banking Adoption among Senior Citizens in Malaysia. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction , 40 (9). https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2161236 Anyiam, E. C., Adoghe, A. U., Ossai, I. L., Samuel, I., & Okokpujie, K. (2023). Development of A Hybrid Near Field Communication Payment System for a Closed Community. 2023 2nd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Engineering and Applied Science, ICMEAS 2023 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMEAS58693.2023.10379212 Arora, D., Garg, M., & Mongia, S. (2022). Global Case Studies, Domains and Used Methodologies Concerning Cyber Security in Online banking: A Review. 2022 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions), ICRITO 2022 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRITO56286.2022.9965094 Arora, S., Julka, A., & Mehta, M. (2022). Fintech Driven Finclusion - An Analysis of Mobile Payments during Covid-19. The Management Accountant Journal , 57 (5). https://doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i5.62-66p Atkinson, K. B., Barnes, J., Albee, J., Anttila, P., Haataja, J., Nanavati, K., Steelman, K. S., & Wallace, C. (2016). Breaking Barriers to Digital Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1145/2982142.2982183 Balakrishnan, V., & Shuib, N. L. M. (2021). Drivers and inhibitors for digital payment adoption using the Cashless Society Readiness-Adoption model in Malaysia. Technology in Society , 65 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101554 Bao, L., Xu, L., & Ying, L. (2023). Inclusiveness in the Design of Mobile Payment Products for Chinese Elderly Users. Design for Inclusion , 75 . https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003341 Batra, R., Flatt, J. D., Pharr, J. R., Sharma, M., Khubchandani, J., Kanekar, A., Chirico, F., & Batra, K. (2024). Exploring Social Support Strategies and Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Social Isolation and Loneliness: The Role of Digital Literacy. In Healthcare. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute , 12(21), 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12212149 Benson, V., Ezingeard, J. N., & Hand, C. (2019). An empirical study of purchase behaviour on social platforms: The role of risk, beliefs and characteristics. Information Technology and People , 32 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2017-0267 Berkowsky, R. W., Sharit, J., & Czaja, S. J. (2017). Factors Predicting Decisions about Technology Adoption among Older Adults. Innovation in Aging , 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy002 Burmeister, O. K., Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., & Cleary, M. (2016). Enhancing Connectedness Through Peer Training for Community-Dwelling Older People: A Person Centred Approach. Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 37 (6). https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2016.1142623 Cham, T. H., Cheah, J. H., Cheng, B. L., & Lim, X. J. (2022). I Am too old for this! Barriers contributing to the non-adoption of mobile payment. International Journal of Bank Marketing , 40 (5). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2021-0283 Cham, T.-H., Cheah, J.-H., Cheng, B.-L., & Lim, X.-J. (2022). I Am too old for this! Barriers contributing to the non-adoption of mobile payment. International Journal of Bank Marketing , 40 (5), 1017–1050. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2021-0283 Chan, C. K. Y., Burton, K., & Flower, R. L. (2024). Facilitators and barriers of technology adoption and social connectedness among rural older adults: a qualitative study. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine , 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2024.2398167 Chaouali, W., & Souiden, N. (2019). The role of cognitive age in explaining mobile banking resistance among elderly people. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 50 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.009 Chen, Y. R. R., & Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4596 Chetty, K., Aneja, U., Mishra, V., Gcora, N., & Josie, J. (2018). Bridging the digital divide in the G20: Skills for the new age. Economics , 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-24 Choi, Y., Han, S., & Lee, C. (2024). Exploring drivers of fintech adoption among elderly consumers. Technology in Society , 78 , 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2024.102669 Choudrie, J., Junior, C. O., McKenna, B., & Richter, S. (2018). Understanding and conceptualising the adoption, use and diffusion of mobile banking in older adults: A research agenda and conceptual framework. Journal of Business Research , 88 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.029 Chua, C. S. W., Lim, W. M., & Teh, P. L. (2024). Older Adults’ Adoption of Technology-Mediated Mobility Solutions: A Review and Agenda. Activities, Adaptation and Aging . https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2024.2343605 Dai, J., Miedema, J., Hernandez, S., Sutton-Lalani, A., & Moffatt, K. (2023). Cognitive Accessibility of Digital Payments: A Literature Review. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series . https://doi.org/10.1145/3587281.3587294 Das, S. (2024). Design of Secure, Privacy-focused, and Accessible E-Payment Applications for Older Adults . http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08555 Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., & Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. In Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence . https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040 Deng, Z., Mo, X., & Liu, S. (2014). Comparison of the middle-aged and older users’ adoption of mobile health services in China. International Journal of Medical Informatics , 83 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.12.002 Dequanter, S., Fobelets, M., Steenhout, I., Gagnon, M. P., Bourbonnais, A., Rahimi, S., Buyl, R., & Gorus, E. (2022). Determinants of technology adoption and continued use among cognitively impaired older adults: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics , 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03048-w Farivar, S., Abouzahra, M., & Ghasemaghaei, M. (2020). Wearable device adoption among older adults: A mixed-methods study. International Journal of Information Management , 55 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102209 Febrianto, A., Siga, E. C. A. R., Kristin, D. M., & Pratama, M. R. K. (2023). Digital Payment Adoption Research of SMEs in Emerging Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. 2023 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information Systems, ICIMCIS 2023 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMCIS60089.2023.10349051 Fingerman, K. L., Birditt, K. S., & Umberson, D. J. (2020). Use of Technologies for Social Connectedness and Well-Being and as a Tool for Research Data Collection in Older Adults. Mobile Technology for Adaptive Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop . Greene, D., & Shilton, K. (2018). Platform privacies: Governance, collaboration, and the different meanings of “privacy” in iOS and Android development. New Media and Society , 20 (4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817702397 Hanif, Y., & Lallie, H. S. (2021). Security factors on the intention to use mobile banking applications in the UK older generation (55+). A mixed-method study using modified UTAUT and MTAM - with perceived cyber security, risk, and trust. Technology in Society , 67 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101693 He, C., He, L., Lu, Z., & Li, B. (2023). “I Have to Use My Son’s QR Code to Run the Business”: Unpacking Senior Street Vendors’ Challenges in Mobile Money Collection in China. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction , 7 (CSCW1). https://doi.org/10.1145/3579493 He, Y., Li, K., & Wang, Y. (2022). Crossing the digital divide: The impact of the digital economy on elderly individuals’ consumption upgrade in China. Technology in Society , 71 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102141 Hou, J., & Chen, J. (2024). Crossing the Digital Divide in Older People: Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Willingness of the Elderly to Use Mobile Payment. In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies , 215. pp 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5098-6_6 Huang, T., Wang, G., & Huang, C. (2024). What promotes the mobile payment behavior of the elderly? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications , 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04031-z Jena, R. (2023). Factors Impacting Senior Citizens’ Adoption of E-Banking Post COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study from India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management , 16 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16090380 Jiang, Y. S., Shi, H., Kang, Y. T., Shen, J., Li, J., Cui, J., Pang, J., Zhang, C., & Zhang, J. (2023). Impact of age-friendly living environment and intrinsic capacity on functional ability in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics , 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04089-5 Jin, X., & Fan, M. (2022). “i Used to Carry A Wallet, Now i Just Need to Carry My Phone”: Understanding Current Banking Practices and Challenges among Older Adults in China. ASSETS 2022 - Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility . https://doi.org/10.1145/3517428.3544820 Jin, X., Kuang, E., & Fan, M. (2021). Too old to bank digitally? : A Survey of Banking Practices and Challenges among Older Adults in China. DIS 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference: Nowhere and Everywhere . https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462127 Jithendran, S., & Rajeev Kumar, A. D. (2022). Muddling through Digital Payment Interfaces : The Case of Visually Impaired and Elderly Population. The Management Accountant Journal , 57 (9). https://doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i9.53-56p Knight, T., Yuan, X., & Bennett Gayle, D. M. (2023). Privacy and security concerns: A systematic review of older adults’ perceptions surrounding the use of technology. Journal of Data Protection and Privacy , 5 (4). https://doi.org/10.69554/yxut5395 Knight, T., Yuan, X., & Gayle, D. D. B. (2024). Illuminating Privacy and Security Concerns in Older Adults’ Technology Adoption. In Work, Aging and Retirement (Vol. 10, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac032 Kongkaew, M., & Thipjumnong, A. (2023). Asia Social Issues New Normal Payment Method among Elderly in COVID-19 Pandemic. Asia Social Issues , 16 (4), 1–16. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/asi Kopylova, N., Greyling, T., & Rossouw, S. (2022). Multidimensional Quality of Life of Older Adults in South Africa. Applied Research in Quality of Life , 17 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10072-w Latke, N. (2024). Designing Intuitive Financial Technologies for Elderly Users: A User-Centered approach to Retirement Planning and Investment Platforms. In IJFMR240426161 (Vol. 6, Issue 4). www.ijfmr.com Lee, C., & Coughlin, J. F. (2015). PERSPECTIVE: Older Adults’ Adoption of Technology: An Integrated Approach to Identifying Determinants and Barriers. Journal of Product Innovation Management , 32 (5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12176 Lee, Y., Migrino, L., Deloria, R., & Robertson, K. (2023). Through their lens: a photovoice study of older adults’experiences of accessibility and aging in community. Innovation in Aging , 7(1), 1172. Leedahl, S., Wilber, K., & Choi, N. (2023). THE PROMISE OF DIGITAL INCLUSION FOR OLDER ADULTS: BUILDING BRIDGES FOR UNDERSERVED OLDER ADULTS IN TWO STATES. Innovation in Aging , 7 (Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1716 Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P., ... & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. Bmj , 339 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700 Ligon, E., Malick, B., Sheth, K., & Trachtman, C. (2019). What explains low adoption of digital payment technologies? Evidence from small-scale merchants in Jaipur, India. PLoS ONE , 14 (7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219450 Liu, T., & Li, X. (2022). Exploring Older Adults’ Adoption of WeChat Pay: A Cognitive Lock-In Perspective. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Vol. 13330 LNCS . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05581-2_36 Liu, Y. (2024). Analyzing the Impact of the Digital Divide on Individuals, Families, and Society: A Technological Perspective. Journal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies , 14 (1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.54254/2977-5701/2024.18281 Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature , 52 (1). https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5 Malik, S., Singh, K. N., Thomas, A., Troise, C., & Bresciani, S. (2024). Does financial inclusion build the financial resilience of elderly women? Venture Capital , 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2024.2436911 Malladi, C. M., Soni, R. K., & Srinivasan, S. (2021). Digital financial inclusion: next frontiers—challenges and opportunities. CSI Transactions on ICT , 9 (2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40012-021-00328-5 Maqbool, S., & Munteanu, C. (2018). Understanding older adults’ long-term financial practices: Challenges & opportunities for design. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings , 2018-April . https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188677 Marcelin, I., & Sun, W. (2023). Financial Inclusion, Inequality, and Retirement Trends among Older Workers . Martins Van Jaarsveld, G. (2020). The Effects of COVID-19 Among the Elderly Population: A Case for Closing the Digital Divide. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 11 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577427 Mei, Y. (2024). Exploring the mechanisms driving elderly Fintech engagement: the role of social influence and the elderly’s digital literacy. Frontiers in Psychology , 15 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1420147 Mitzner, T. L., Boron, J. B., Fausset, C. B., Adams, A. E., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., Dijkstra, K., Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., & Sharit, J. (2010). Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. Computers in Human Behavior , 26 (6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.020 Mitzner, T. L., Savla, J., Boot, W. R., Sharit, J., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Rogers, W. A. (2019). Technology Adoption by Older Adults: Findings from the PRISM Trial. Gerontologist , 59 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny113 Mohd Zaid, N. N., Ahmad, N. A., Abd Rauf, M. F., Zainal, A., Abdul Razak, F. H., Tengku Shahdan, T. S., & Pek, L. S. (2023). Elderly and their barriers to accepting and learning to use technology: A scoping review. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik , 36 (1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v36i12023.1-17 Morrison, B. A., Nicholson, J., Wood, B., & Briggs, P. (2023). Life after lockdown: The experiences of older adults in a contactless digital world. Frontiers in Psychology , 13 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1100521 Morrison, D., & McCutheon, J. (2019). Empowering older adults’ informal, self-directed learning: harnessing the potential of online personal learning networks. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning , 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0104-5 Mouna, A., & Jarboui, A. (2022). Understanding the link between government cashless policy, digital financial services and socio-demographic characteristics in the MENA countries. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy , 42 (5–6). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-12-2020-0544 Moxley, J., Sharit, J., & Czaja, S. J. (2022). The Factors Influencing Older Adults’ Decisions Surrounding Adoption of Technology: Quantitative Experimental Study. JMIR Aging , 5 (4). https://doi.org/10.2196/39890 Msweli, N. T., & Mawela, T. (2020). Enablers and Barriers for Mobile Commerce and Banking Services Among the Elderly in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) , 12067 LNCS . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_27 Msweli, N. T., & Mawela, T. (2021). Financial inclusion of the elderly: Exploring the role of mobile banking adoption. In Acta Informatica Pragensia , 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.18267/J.AIP.143 Mui Hung Kee, D., Huey Lai, K., Ching Lee, J., Jie Lee, K., Long Lee, J., Yosanti, I., & Nita Aryani, D. (2022). Do You Have a Digital Wallet? A Study of E-Wallet during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Accounting & Finance in Asia Pasific (IJAFAP) , 5 (1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijafap.v5i1.141 Mukherjee, S., & Sood, K. (2020). Triggers and barriers of financial inclusion: A country-wise analysis. In Asian Economic and Financial Review , 10(9). 970–988. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.109.970.988 Ngan, L. T., Sheng, Y., & Chen, W. (2025). Investigating Factors Associated with Digital Inclusion Among Older Adults in China: A Latent Profile Analysis. Studies in Media and Communication , 13 (1), 322–339. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v13i1.7298 Okunbor, C. O., Alao, O. D., Adekunle, Y. A., & Adebayo, A. O. (2020). The Challenges of Contactless Payment Models using Near Field Communication Enabled Devices. In International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research , 9(4), 133–138. www.ijcat.com Prasastiningtyas, W., Kurniawan, A. A., Ruswandi, A., Gymnastiar, I. A., Amin, F., Sangga Buana, U., Siber, U., Jakarta, A., Sunan, U., & Djati Bandung, G. (2024). DIGITAL LITERACY INITIATIVES EMPOWERING MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES THROUGH TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION. In Indonesian Journal of Studies on Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education (IJHSED) E-ISSN (Vol. 1, Issue 2). www.ijhsed.com Prodromou, M., Themistocleous, S., Theodoridou, K., Bokolas, V., Sitareniou, D., & Lavranos, G. (2019). Needs assessment regarding ICT for elderly people and their carers: The PROADAS study. Hellenic Journal of Nursing , 58 (2). Rajaobelina, L., Brun, I., Line, R., & Cloutier-Bilodeau, C. (2021). Not all elderly are the same: fostering trust through mobile banking service experience. International Journal of Bank Marketing , 39 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-05-2020-0288 Rathore, H. S. (2016). Adoption of digital wallet by consumers. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research , 8 (1), 1–8. Razali, R. S., Cheak, A. P. C., Yuen, Y. Y., & Goh, C. Y. (2024). Developing a Model for Mobile Payment Adoption among Senior Citizens in Malaysia: A Pilot Study. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS) , 22 (2), 15049–15063. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001083 Schreurs, K., Quan-Haase, A., & Martin, K. (2017). Problematizing the digital literacy paradox in the context of older adults’ ICT use: Aging, media discourse, and self-determination. Canadian Journal of Communication , 42 (2). https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2017v42n2a3130 Sharma, R., Singh, G., & Sharma, S. (2020). Modelling internet banking adoption in Fiji: A developing country perspective. International Journal of Information Management , 53 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102116 Singh, G. (2019). A Review of Factors Affecting Digital Payments and Adoption Behaviour for Mobile e-wallets. International Journal of Research in Management & Business Studies (IJRMBS) , 6 (4). Sixsmith, A., Horst, B. R., Simeonov, D., & Mihailidis, A. (2022). Older People’s Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society , 42 (1–2). https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221094731 Suchowerska, R., & McCosker, A. (2022). Governance networks that strengthen older adults’ digital inclusion: The challenges of metagovernance. Government Information Quarterly , 39 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101649 Teker, S., Teker, D., & Orman, I. (2022). DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS: A FUTURE OUTLOOK. Pressacademia , 15 (45), 175–176. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2022.1613 Tellado, I., Girbés-Peco, S., Joanpere-Foraster, M., & Burgués-Freitas, A. (2024). Digital literacy of older women with smartphones: a dialogic approach to overcoming barriers. Research on Ageing and Social Policy , 12 (1), 44–61. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.13864 Thomas, D., Chowdhury, G., & Ruthven, I. (2024). Are older people battling with digital financial services?. In International Conference on Information . 139–146. Tomczyk, Ł., & Kielar, I. (2024). Empowering the elderly in the information society: Redefining digital education for Polish seniors in the age of rapid technological change. Educational Gerontology . https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2024.2439908 Tomczyk, Ł., Mascia, M. L., Gierszewski, D., & Walker, C. (2023). Barriers to digital inclusion among older people: a intergenerational reflection on the need to develop digital competences for the group with the highest level of digital exclusion. Innoeduca. International Journal of Technology and Educational Innovation , 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.24310/innoeduca.2023.v9i1.16433 Ubam, E., Hipiny, I., & Ujir, H. (2021). User Interface/User Experience (UI/UX) Analysis Design of Mobile Banking App for Senior Citizens: A Case Study in Sarawak, Malaysia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEI52609.2021.9611136 Umakanth, S., Varun. A. S, Jain, M., Agarwal, M., Jain, A., & Bagrecha, A. (2024). Perception of the Impact of Digital Wallets, Mobile Payments, and Contactless Payment Technologies Among the Senior Citizens Residing in Bangalore in Regard to Purchases, Travel, and Household Expenses . www.ijfmr.com Vailati Riboni, F., Comazzi, B., Bercovitz, K., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., & Pagnini, F. (2020). Technologically-enhanced psychological interventions for older adults: A scoping review. In BMC Geriatrics (Vol. 20, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01594-9 Vatsa, V., & Agarwal, B. (2022). Factors impacting adoption and continuous use of contactless digital payments in the new normal. International Journal of Electronic Finance , 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijef.2022.126481 Vijeta, M., & Yadav, L. K. (2025). Digital Financial Literacy Programs and Their Effectiveness in Promoting Mobile Payment Use among Elderly Population. European Economic Letters , 15 (1), 2182–2190. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v13i3.331 Vitak, J., & Shilton, K. (2020). Trust, privacy and security, and accessibility considerations when conducting mobile technologies research with older adults. Mobile Technology for Adaptive Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop. Wakil Ali, A. (2024). Financial Inclusion as a Catalyst for Economic Empowerment: Insights from Goalpara District, Assam. InternationJournal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) , 6 (6), 1–6. www.ijfmr.com Wang, Q. (2020). Service Design Strategy of Public Information Products for Elderly Users . https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.165 Wang, X., Lee, C. F., Jiang, J., & Zhu, X. (2023). Factors Influencing the Aged in the Use of Mobile Healthcare Applications: An Empirical Study in China. Healthcare (Switzerland) , 11 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030396 Warchlewska, A. (2020). WILL THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASHLESS PAYMENT TECHNOLOGIES INCREASE THE FINANCIAL EXCLUSION OF SENIOR CITIZENS? Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia , 19 (2). https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.2.21 Wong, D., Liu, H., Meng-Lewis, Y., Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Gamified money: exploring the effectiveness of gamification in mobile payment adoption among the silver generation in China. Information Technology and People , 35 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2019-0456 World Bank. (2020). The Global Findex Database 2020: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19 . https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/, Accessed: [14 March 2025] Xie, J. (2023). Influencing Factors on the Adoption of Online Payment Systems among the Elderly and Middle Aged people. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology , 49 . https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v49i.8515 Xu, H., Xie, B., & Chang, C. H. (2024). Empowering the Care of Older Adults Through the Use of Technology. In Work, Aging and Retirement (Vol. 10, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waad030 Yang, C. C., Yang, S. Y., & Chang, Y. C. (2023). Predicting Older Adults’ Mobile Payment Adoption: An Extended TAM Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 20 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021391 Yap, Y. Y., Tan, S. H., Tan, S. K., & Choon, S. W. (2022). Integrating the capability approach and technology acceptance model to explain the elderly’s use intention of online grocery shopping. Telematics and Informatics , 72 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101842 Yusif, S., Soar, J., & Hafeez-Baig, A. (2016). Older people, assistive technologies, and the barriers to adoption: A systematic review. International journal of medical informatics , 94 , 112–116. Zhang, M. (2023). Older people’s attitudes towards emerging technologies: A systematic literature review. In Public Understanding of Science (Vol. 32, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625231171677 Zhang, M., & Poon, W. C. (2021). Factors determining the adoption of mobile payment among elderly in shandong, China. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series . https://doi.org/10.1145/3481127.3481212 Zhang, X., & Dolah, J. (2024). A Study of Key Factors Influencing the Usability of Smartphone Graphical User Interfaces for Older Adults. PaperASIA , 40 (5b), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i5b.232 Zhao, Y., & Bacao, F. (2021). How does the pandemic facilitate mobile payment? An investigation on users’ perspective under the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031016 Zhu, J., Li, X., Jiang, Y., & Ma, W. (2024). Predicting elderly users’ intention of digital payments during COVID-19: an extension of the theory of planned behavior model. International Journal of Social Economics , 51 (2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2022-0759 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6926102","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":481740989,"identity":"293ddd80-c567-495b-9c48-234337759816","order_by":0,"name":"Ntswaki Matlala","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCAxIM/AwMCUSqZoNqkWwgUQsDg8EBYp1kLt/+TOLHGYto4xsJDxh+1DDY8zcQ0GLZxmMm2XNDInfbjYQExp5jDMwShKwzOMbDdoPnA0QLA28D0KGEtbA/u/kHqGXzDKAtfxsYeOQJa2Ewu80DdNgGiYQEZqAtEgTDweBYjvlvmTMSuTPOPEg4LHNMwsCQoJbDxx8bvjlWl9vfnpP48E2Njb0cIS1IgCcBqFiCePVAwE6C8aNgFIyCUTCiAAB8aELEBmp1iwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Johannesburg","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ntswaki","middleName":"","lastName":"Matlala","suffix":""},{"id":481740990,"identity":"80d68802-7345-490f-8d47-b60ecc7eb183","order_by":1,"name":"Faith Samela","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Johannesburg","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Faith","middleName":"","lastName":"Samela","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-18 22:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86292231,"identity":"8be63a5c-447a-4774-836a-547a995942bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-09 03:44:42","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":70714,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePapers by Year of Publication.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6926102/v1/f43faedf7000066ac043aac2.png"},{"id":107296010,"identity":"e892558f-535b-4f57-a2a3-893401e0be20","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-20 06:42:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":717920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6926102/v1/c4c81461-1851-4817-b5f3-dfee1778b26f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Digital Inclusion of Elderly Population: Adoption of Device Centric Contactless Replacing Cash-A Systematic Review","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHistorically, economic transactions began with barter systems, where goods were exchanged directly including but not limited to trading sweet potatoes for maize meal. The introduction of physical currency modernised trade, enabling consumers to make payments using cash. However, recent advances in digital technology have revolutionised the payment landscape. Consumers can now make purchases by simply tapping a smartphone, smartwatch, or other smart devices, made possible by near-field communication (NFC) technology. This contactless innovation, embedded in platforms such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, Garmin Pay, and Samsung Pay, enables fast, secure, and device centric financial transactions (Agrawal, 2021; Ailisto et al., 2007; Anyiam et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese innovations are part of a broader shift toward digital inclusion, which involves ensuring that all individuals, particularly marginalised and underserved populations, can access and effectively use digital tools and resources (Leedahl et al., 2023). Digital inclusion encompasses reliable internet access, availability of digital devices, tailored digital literacy training, technical support, and the capacity to engage with online applications (Chetty et al., 2018; Liu, 2024; Prasastiningtyas et al., 2024). Contactless payment systems exemplify the convergence of these components and their potential to promote financial inclusion and equitable access to affordable and secure financial services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough contactless technologies have been widely adopted by younger demographics, older adults (aged 60 and above) remain disproportionately excluded. The rapid digitisation of financial systems presents considerable challenges for this group, which is often characterised by limited exposure to modern technology, lower digital literacy, and physical or cognitive constraints (Choudrie et al., 2018; Andalib Touchaei \u0026amp; Hashim, 2024; Razali et al., 2024). As a result, the elderly face barriers in transitioning from cash-based transactions to device centric payment systems (Mitzner et al., 2010; Benson et al., 2019; Wong et al., 2022). This exclusion is increasingly concerning given global demographic trends. The population of people aged 60 and above is projected to reach 1.5\u0026nbsp;billion by 2050, spanning both developed and developing countries (Koconcerningth Africa, the mid-year population estimate for 2024 was 63.02\u0026nbsp;million, with life expectancies of 63.6 years for males and 69.2 years for females, indicating an ageing society (Stats SA, 2024). Positive ageing frameworks now emphasise not only longevity but also functional independence and self-determination, which can be supported by digital financial participation (Chua et al., 2024; Msweli \u0026amp; Mawela, 2021).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, multiple studies have identified barriers that hinder elderly engagement with contactless technologies. These include insufficient digital literacy, distrust in the security of digital systems, and the cognitive burden of adapting to new interfaces (Thomas et al., 2024; Hanif \u0026amp; Lallie, 2021; Vailati Riboni et al., 2020). Physical impairments such as reduced dexterity or poor vision, as well as socioeconomic factors, such as low income, dependence on social grants, or limited access to smartphones, exacerbate this divide. Furthermore, a lack of interpersonal support from family or community institutions reinforces digital exclusion (Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Ard\u0026egrave;vol \u0026amp; Rosales, 2018; Yao \u0026amp; Coles-Kemp, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite these challenges, contactless payment systems offer transformative opportunities for the elderly. Financial inclusion for older adults can enhance autonomy, reduce dependency on cash, and promote active participation in the digital economy (Malladi et al., 2021). With appropriate interventions, such as targeted digital literacy programs, accessible device interfaces, and dedicated support systems, these technologies can empower older individuals to manage their finances independently (Hunsaker \u0026amp; Hargittai, 2018; van Dijk, 2020; Martins Van Jaarsveld, 2020). Existing research highlights the importance of understanding the socio-technical dynamics that influence elderly users\u0026rsquo; behaviors towards adopting such innovations. In this context, this study undertakes a systematic review of empirical and theoretical literature to investigate the multifaceted barriers and enabling conditions for contactless payment adoption among the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe review is structured around five core research questions, each targeting a critical determinant of adoption:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ1.To what extent do digital literacy and usability challenges hinder elderly populations from adopting contactless payment technologies?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ2. How do socioeconomic status, cognitive limitations, and social support impact the ability of elderly individuals to transition to cashless technologies?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ3. How do trust, perceived risk, and security concerns influence resistance to contactless payment adoption among older adults?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ4. How does adopting centric contactless payment technologies enhance financial inclusion, accessibility, and financial self-sufficiency among elderly populations in underserved communities?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ5. To what extent does participation in digital literacy programmes affect confidence and adoption rates among elderly users?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy addressing these questions, this systematic review aims to synthesise existing empirical literature on the adoption of device centric contactless payment systems among elderly populations. It analyses both the barriers, such as digital literacy gaps, trust and privacy concerns, physical and cognitive limitations, and inadequate support, as well as the opportunities for improved digital and financial inclusion. By identifying research gaps and highlighting best practices, this study aims to inform policymakers, financial service providers, technology developers, and gerontologists about inclusive strategies for integrating older adults into the digital cashless economy. A multi-dimensional strategy is therefore necessary: improving access to smart devices and internet infrastructure, tailoring training programs to the elderly's needs, and simplifying payment interfaces can collectively promote adoption. Moreover, digital ecosystems must be inclusive, considering the design, privacy, trust, and affordability factors that are crucial for elderly users (Abdi et al., 2021; X. Wang et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, the paper is a systematic review that searched and evaluated the adoption of device centric contactless payment for older adults. It followed the PRISMA guidelines, detailing the search strategy, study selection process, characteristics of the included studies, and the synthesis of results.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Research Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis systematic review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the digital inclusion of the elderly population through the adoption of device centric contactless payment methods. The transparent, repeatable, and iterative nature of the review process led to the utilisation of a Systematic Literature Review methodology (SLR). This method provides an impartial basis for excluding research that is not directly relevant, addressing the issue of subjectivity found in traditional reviews. The widespread availability of electronic databases has facilitated timely and systematic research. The purpose of this article review is to explore the landscape of adoption of device centric contactless payment among older individuals (Gogo\u0026rsquo;s, Senior Citizens, Older People, Elderly, Silver-Grey Hair). The investigation involved a comprehensive search for articles examining the adoption of device centric contactless payment at merchant locations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe review employed a comprehensive search strategy across multiple academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar to locate pertinent peer reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and other scholarly sources. The search terms encompassed keywords related to the elderly population, digital technologies, and contactless payments, such as \"elderly,\" \"older adults,\" \"digital inclusion,\" \"contactless payment,\" and \"mobile banking.\" The studies should focus on digital inclusion or financial inclusion for the elderly population, examine the adoption or use of device centric contactless payment methods or related digital technologies, and be published in English between 2019 and 2025. Relevant data from the selected studies were extracted and synthesised, emphasising key themes such as barriers to adoption, facilitators of adoption, and the potential impact of contactless payment technologies on the elderly population (see Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u0026amp; \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis systematic literature review followed the PRISMA guidelines (Liberati et al., 2009). The study employed a search of selected relevant databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. The next step involved adopting appropriate keywords and their combinations, which included \"digital inclusion,\" \"contactless payments,\" \"older adults,\" \"elderly,\" \"silver grey,\" \"senior citizens,\" \"device centric payments,\" \"technology adoption,\" and \"financial technology.\" After a comprehensive search of the relevant databases using this set of keywords, 659 articles were identified. The subsequent step was to remove any duplicates, resulting in 599 papers being selected. Following the eligibility check, a total of 55 articles were identified for further review. Finally, after a full-text review of these papers, a total of 32 articles were included in this review.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of Methodology\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSearch strategy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; The review used a thorough search strategy across several academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. to find relevant peer reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and other scholarly sources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; The search terms included keywords such as \u0026ldquo;digital inclusion,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;contactless payments,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;older adults,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;elderly,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Silver grey\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Senior Citizens\u0026rdquo;. \u0026ldquo;device centric payments,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;technology adoption,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;financial technology\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEligibility Criteria: Inclusion Criteria\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Studies were published between 2019 and 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and gray literature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Studies focusing on contactless payment adoption by older adults (aged 60+).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Papers that discuss factors affecting the adoption of device centric, opportunities, barriers or challenges and facilitators.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEligibility Criteria: Exclusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Studies focusing exclusively on elderly health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Non-English language papers (if language translation is a barrier).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Studies exclusively for the population below 60.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Studies published Pre 2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eData Extraction and Synthesis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Relevant data from the included studies were extracted and synthesized, with a focus on key themes such as barriers to adoption, facilitators of adoption, and the potential impact of contactless payment technologies on the elderly population\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdentification of studies via database and Search Query\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdentification of studies via database and Search Query\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSearch Query and database\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeywords: \"digital inclusion\" AND \"elderly\" OR \"seniors\" OR \"older adults\u0026rdquo; AND \"contactless payments\" OR \"mobile payments\" OR \"device centric\" \"technology adoption\" AND \"barriers\" OR \"opportunities\" AND \u0026ldquo;digital literacy\" AND \"financial technology\"\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInitial screening results\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoogle Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Scopus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1272 Articles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcluded (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRemove Duplicate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoogle Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1152 Articles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcluded (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;120)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eArticles after Eligibility Check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoogle Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56 Articles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcluded (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1096)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinal Count of Relevant Articles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoogle Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;32 Articles\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcluded (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;24)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the number of publications regarding digital inclusion of elderly populations and contactless payment systems. 2019 had four publications, followed by a slight decline in 2020 to three, and a drop in 2021 to two. 2022 saw a resurgence with eight publications, and 2023 remained high with seven. This upward trend suggests a shift towards exploring inclusive technological solutions, driven by AI and the urgency for inclusive digital financial systems. The rise in interdisciplinary research underscores the evolving complexity and the need for more regionally diverse studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe existing systematic review literature highlights several obstacles that hinder the integration of elderly individuals into the digital realm, particularly in relation to adopting contactless payment methods centred around electronic devices see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of Key Themes Barriers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of Key Barriers:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDigital Literacy and Usability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRisk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical/Cognitive Limitations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocioeconomic Factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupport\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003edigital literacy, lack of familiarity intuitive Design lacking user-friendly features\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elack of technological literacy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003elack of confidence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerceived risks, privacy, security, operational and financial risks\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Physical\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Cognitive.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of devices; Cost barriers and affordability: technological anxiety\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLimited customer support; Absence of training programs:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e presents the key challenges facing elderly populations in adopting device centric contactless payment systems. Digital exclusion remains a foundational issue, particularly in rural and low-income settings where internet connectivity and device access are minimal (Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024; Marston et al., 2019). Trust concerns, driven by fears of digital fraud and poor cybersecurity awareness, exacerbate resistance to adoption (Cham et al., 2022; Akana, 2020). Interface design complexity and declining cognitive-motor abilities further limit usage without supportive modifications (Dai et al., 2023; Chua et al., 2024). Social and economic disparities also shape digital literacy and autonomy, highlighting the need for more targeted inclusion policies (Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Chan et al., 2024). Without coordinated institutional efforts, the pace of digital transformation risks leaving behind one of society's most vulnerable groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ1. To what extent do Digital Literacy and usability challenges hinder elderly populations from adopting contactless payment technologies?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA consistent body of literature underscores that elderly individuals often referred to as the silver-haired population face considerable challenges in adopting new digital technologies, particularly device centric contactless payment systems (Akana, 2020; Arora et al., 2022; Chaouali \u0026amp; Souiden, 2019; Farivar et al., 2020; He et al., 2023; Jena, 2023; Ligon et al., 2019; Morrison et al., 2023; Msweli \u0026amp; Mawela, 2020; Vatsa \u0026amp; Agarwal, 2022; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023; Yang et al., 2023; Zhang, 2023; Zhang \u0026amp; Poon, 2021; Zhu et al., 2024). One of the primary impediments identified is a deficiency in digital literacy, often manifesting as difficulties in understanding and navigating complex technological interfaces. This is frequently compounded by a generalised anxiety towards technology use, which further hinders adoption and sustained engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorrison et al. (2023) note that although the COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for increased experimentation with contactless payments among older adults, many reverted to cash transactions post-pandemic. This regression is primarily attributed to ongoing digital anxiety, low confidence in using technology, and persistent concerns around digital security. The perceived complexity of contactless payment systems ranging from interface design to verification procedures, often acts as a deterrent, making the technology appear inaccessible and overwhelming (Bao et al., 2023; Mei, 2024). The generational digital divide exacerbates this exclusion, as older adults often lack opportunities to acquire foundational digital skills compared to their younger counterparts. Yang et al. (2023) found that perceived usefulness and ease of use are significantly influenced by trust, with performance-related and financial risks playing a critical role in adoption decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ2. How do socioeconomic status, cognitive limitations and social support impact on the ability of elderly individuals to transition to cashless technologies?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA consistent finding across studies(Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022; Ligon et al., 2019; D. Morrison \u0026amp; McCutheon, 2019; Moxley et al., 2022; Sharma et al., 2020; Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025; Xie, 2023; Zhu et al., 2024) revealed that socioeconomic factors, such as income, education, and access to technology, significantly impact the adoption of contactless payment technologies among the elderly. Seniors from lower-income or less-educated backgrounds often face barriers due to limited access to digital devices and infrastructure, as well as lower digital literacy and familiarity with online financial services. In contrast, those with higher incomes and education tend to have more experience with digital technologies, facilitating their adoption of contactless payments. The importance of addressing these socioeconomic disparities through targeted programmes to improve technology access and digital skills training for economically disadvantaged elderly groups cannot be overstated in promoting more inclusive digital integration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical and cognitive limitations significantly hinder older adults' adoption of device centric, contactless payment systems. These barriers manifest in various ways, affecting usability and accessibility. Yap et al. (2022) highlighted the challenges faced by senior citizens in adopting new payment technologies, particularly those aged 60 and above, due to declining physical and cognitive capabilities. This aligns with findings from the previous researcher (Ubam et al., 2021)), who reported that 34 out of 36 senior citizens in their study had impaired eyesight, potentially affecting their ability to use mobile payment interfaces\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany older adults face cognitive challenges that complicate their ability to navigate complex digital payment interfaces (Alfie et al., 2023; Chan et al., 2024; Mitzner et al., 2019; Ngan et al., 2025; Razali et al., 2024; Wang, 2020; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023; Yap et al., 2022). This demographic often experiences difficulties with memory and processing speed, which can lead to frustration and disengagement from technology. Psychological factors, such as fear of technology and self-exclusion, further exacerbate these issues, resulting in a reluctance to adopt cashless payment methods (Mohd Zaid et al., 2023; Warchlewska, 2020). Prior researchers(Deng et al., 2014) emphasized the impact of technology anxiety on the behavioural intentions of older adults, noting that declining physical and cognitive capabilities may lead to higher levels of anxiety and reduced intention to use advanced technologies. Zhang (2023) echoed this finding, finding that older adults generally encounter more barriers and have more negative attitudes towards technology compared to younger and middle-aged people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudies reviewed(Alfie et al., 2023; Al-Sharafi et al., 2022; Bao et al., 2023; Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022; Jithendran \u0026amp; Rajeev Kumar, 2022; Ligon et al., 2019; Razali et al., 2024; Ubam et al., 2021; Warchlewska, 2020; Xie, 2023) indicates that physical limitations, particularly visual impairments that are common among senior citizens, create significant barriers to the adoption and use of device centric contactless payment systems. Furthermore, memory issues can hinder their ability to remember passwords or navigate apps, leading to disengagement(Dequanter et al., 2022). Aguilera et al. (2010) identified usability challenges faced by seniors when using digital payment apps, including issues with small fonts, complex interfaces, and unfamiliar touch gestures. These findings underscore the importance of user-centered design in digital payment applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe absence of user-friendly interfaces tailored to these limitations can alienate older adults from accessing essential financial services (Alfie et al., 2023; Jithendran \u0026amp; Rajeev Kumar, 2022) Moreover, the design of many contactless payment options often overlooks the challenges in physical dexterity faced by older individuals, making it more difficult for them to interact with smartphones or Tablets technology. However, some research suggests that suitable design modifications and targeted educational initiatives can empower the senior citizen community, including the Sylver Grey demographic, to effectively engage with contactless payment technologies (Das, 2024; Latke, 2024; Tomczyk \u0026amp; Kielar, 2024; X. Zhang \u0026amp; Dolah, 2024). This underscores the potential for fostering inclusivity within financial services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Influence and Support\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe influence of family, Stokvel members, friends, and trusted community members can play a crucial role in encouraging the elderly to adopt and use contactless payment technologies (Alexandru et al., 2019; Dai et al., 2023; Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022; Msweli \u0026amp; Mawela, 2021; Mui Hung Kee et al., 2022; Razali et al., 2024; Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025; Yang et al., 2023). Adequate social support and guidance help overcome barriers and facilitate the adoption process (Zhu et al., 2024). This population (the elderly, older individuals, silver-haired people) is more likely to embrace these new technologies when they receive encouragement and assistance from their social networks (Fingerman et al., 2020).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily members can provide hands-on training and troubleshooting, while community organisations and senior centres can offer educational workshops and peer-to-peer support groups (Suchowerska \u0026amp; McCosker, 2022). This type of social support builds the elderly's confidence, reduces their fears and anxieties, and enables them to navigate technological complexities more effectively (Batra at al., 2024). Additionally, positive endorsements and testimonials from trusted peers can help overcome the elderly's scepticism and promote the perceived benefits of contactless payments, further driving adoption within this demographic (Lee \u0026amp; Coughlin, 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLimited customer support\u003c/em\u003e on older adults may feel underserved by customer support systems that are often designed with the needs and preferences of younger, more tech-savvy users in mind (Dai et al., 2023). These systems may not adequately address the unique challenges such as technological barrier, complex interfaces and support requirements of elderly individuals, leaving them feeling frustrated and unable to resolve issues encountered when using contactless payment technologies effectively (Jin et al., 2021; Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsence of targeted training programs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is a lack of sufficient resources, such as specialised training programmes or community workshops, specifically designed to teach seniors the necessary skills and provide the hands-on guidance required for them to confidently and competently use digital payment systems (World Bank, 2020, Xu et al., 2022; (Jin et al., 2021; Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022; Knight et al., 2024). Without access to these tailored educational opportunities, many elderly individuals may struggle to develop the digital literacy and comfort needed to adopt and utilise these emerging payment technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ3. How do trust, perceived risk, and security concerns influence the resistance to device centric contactless payment adoption among older adults?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersistent concerns regarding trust and security significantly influence the adoption and usage of contactless payment technologies among older adult consumers (T.-H. Cham et al., 2022; Das, 2024; Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024; Knight et al., 2023; T. Liu \u0026amp; Li, 2022; D. Morrison \u0026amp; McCutheon, 2019; Msweli \u0026amp; Mawela, 2020, 2021; Umakanth et al., 2024; (Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025; Vatsa \u0026amp; Agarwal, 2022; Xu et al., 2024; Yang et al., 2023; M. Zhang \u0026amp; Poon, 2021; Zhao \u0026amp; Bacao, 2021). While there is a growing interest and inclination within this demographic to embrace digital payment methods, various barriers continue to hinder widespread adoption.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese barriers include technological unfamiliarity and deep-seated apprehensions and anxieties surrounding privacy and security issues (Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025). The elderly population's trust and security concerns regarding contactless payment stem from their privacy perceptions (Vitak \u0026amp; Shilton, 2020), influenced by awareness (Huang et al., 2024), experiences (Yang et al., 2023), and demographic differences (Mouna \u0026amp; Jarboui, 2022). These factors impact their willingness to adopt such technology, highlighting the need for targeted exploration of these contextual relationships (Knight et al., 2023).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeveloping a comprehensive understanding of these concerns is a critical imperative for financial service providers, as it will enable them to foster greater acceptance and adoption of contactless payment systems among senior citizens, a key consumer segment. Older adults often exhibit lower levels of trust in digital payment systems compared to younger users, primarily due to fears of fraud and cyber threats (Cham et al., 2022). While privacy concerns are a significant barrier for many older adults when it comes to adopting contactless payment technologies (Morrison \u0026amp; McCutheon, 2019). They worry that their personal information could be at risk of being compromised or misused.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch suggests that older consumers often prefer more uncomplicated and straightforward authentication methods than complex security measures (Mitzner et al., 2010). This can further complicate their willingness to engage with and embrace new payment technologies, as they may find the security processes too challenging or confusing to navigate (Knight et al., 2023). Additionally, the perceived security risks associated with mobile payments can deter older individuals from adopting these technologies, as they may feel vulnerable to scams and social engineering (Vatsa \u0026amp; Agarwal, 2022). Addressing these security and privacy concerns through clear communication, user-friendly designs, and robust data protection measures will encourage greater adoption among older demographics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe systematic review underscores several significant opportunities arising from the adoption of device centric contactless payment methods by the elderly population:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of Key Themes Opportunities:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of Key themes Opportunities:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImproved financial inclusion:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnhanced convenience and accessibility\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncreased digital literacy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAsssess to services and support\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinancial Vulnerability and Inclusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and convenience\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation and Training Programs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSimplified User Interfaces\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily and Community Support., Awareness campaigns\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRemote Bill Payments; Increased Convenience in Purchasing Essentials; Reduced Dependency on Cash; Financial Management and Independence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e outlines the primary opportunities for improving digital inclusion and promoting the adoption of contactless payment technologies among the elderly. Improved financial inclusion, driven by enhanced access to digital services and reduced dependency on cash, can empower elderly users particularly in rural areas (Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024; Febrianto et al., 2023). Increased digital literacy, supported by education and community-led training initiatives, fosters user confidence and promotes long-term adoption (Chua et al., 2024; Chan et al., 2024). Technological design improvements, such as simplified user interfaces, and intergenerational support systems further reduce barriers to use (Dai et al., 2023; Chaouali \u0026amp; Souiden, 2019). These findings suggest that user-centered, policy-aligned strategies hold significant promises for fostering inclusive financial ecosystems that cater to the needs of older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ4. How does adopting device centric contactless payment technologies enhance financial inclusion, improve accessibility and convenience, and promote financial independence and self-sufficiency among elderly populations in underserved communities?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinancial inclusion represents a crucial paradigm shift in the global economy, transcending mere access to financial services and encompassing the provision of secure, user-friendly, and affordable financial instruments tailored to the unique requirements of marginalised and vulnerable populations (Malladi et al., 2021). This includes low-income individuals, rural communities, and undocumented persons, who have traditionally been excluded from the formal financial sector. Improved financial inclusion represents a crucial avenue for enhancing the well-being of the elderly, providing access to essential financial services and fostering economic empowerment (Malik et al., 2024; Wakil Ali, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe World Bank characterises financial inclusion as the provision of affordable and practical financial services. Such services must be sustainable for the provider and secure for the consumer, operating within a well-regulated framework (Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2017; Malladi et al., 2021). Financial inclusion, at its core, involves delivering financial services such as credit, deposits, insurance, and payments at affordable costs to disadvantaged and impoverished segments of society, thereby offering equitable opportunities for elderly to access formal financial facilities for their welfare (Marcelin \u0026amp; Sun, 2023; Mukherjee \u0026amp; Sood, 2020). Study reviewed (Balakrishnan \u0026amp; Shuib, 2021; Febrianto et al., 2023; D. Morrison \u0026amp; McCutheon, 2019; Mouna \u0026amp; Jarboui, 2022) indicates that financial inclusion can alleviate the vulnerabilities faced by ageing populations, particularly through the provision of digital financial services and mobile banking.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe elderly often experience financial vulnerability due to inadequate social grant payments and rising living costs. Inclusive digital finance has been shown to improve financial stability for ageing families by mitigating credit constraints and increasing household income. Furthermore, financial inclusion has been found to positively impact the health outcomes of older adults, suggesting that access to financial services can lead to better overall health and quality of life (Allen et al., 2016). Marcelin and Sun (2022) conducted a study on financial inclusion and its impact on older workers. They created a financial inclusion index incorporating usage, barriers, and access to financial resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheir findings revealed that households with higher financial inclusion scores were more likely to have higher incomes, own homes, and possess real estate wealth. Importantly, the study found that financial inclusion led to long-term improvements in wealth and retirement outcomes, particularly benefiting minority groups such as elderly community and disable. The researchers also observed that financial inclusion was associated with improved family and work resilience, reduced stress, and lower incidence of drug-related problems. In a study focusing on the relationship between financial inclusion and physical health functioning among aging populations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced convenience and accessibility\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ease and speed of contactless payments can significantly enhance the everyday financial experiences of older adults (Dai et al., 2023; Febrianto et al., 2023; Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024; Huang et al., 2024; Okunbor et al., 2020; Rathore, 2016; Teker et al., 2022; (Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025; Xie, 2023; Yang et al., 2023). Contactless payment methods can minimise the physical and cognitive demands associated with conventional cash and card transactions, making it easier for the elderly to manage their finances independently and improve their quality of life (Mitzner et al., 2019; Tomczyk \u0026amp; Kielar, 2024; Umakanth et al., 2024) The seamless and efficient nature of these digital payment solutions can help alleviate challenges faced by older adults, such as the difficulty of handling physical currency or inserting and removing payment cards. This enhanced accessibility and convenience can promote greater financial independence and improved quality of life for the elderly population (Jin \u0026amp; Fan, 2022; Kongkaew \u0026amp; Thipjumnong, 2023; Sixsmith et al., 2022)).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePromoting Independence and Self-Sufficiency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe use of device centric contactless payment technologies can provide valuable support for elderly users, enabling them to manage their finances independently without relying on others (Chua et al., 2024; Dai et al., 2023; Latke, 2024; Razali et al., 2024; Tomczyk \u0026amp; Kielar, 2024; (Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025; Umakanth et al., 2024).This fosters greater sense of autonomy, confidence, and self-sufficiency, empowering older adults to take an active role in managing their affairs and maintaining control over their financial well-being By reducing dependence on external assistance, these technologies enhance the independence and self-reliance of elderly individuals, positively contributing to their overall quality of life and sense of personal agency. Begde et al. (2024) conducted a comprehensive study on the adoption of contactless payment technologies among older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheir findings indicate that these technologies can significantly enhance financial independence for elderly users by providing a secure and convenient method of conducting transactions. The researchers emphasize the importance of user-centered design and gradual integration of these technologies into daily routines to ensure successful adoption. In a related study, Liu et al. (2022) investigated the usability of wearable payment devices for older adults. Their research demonstrates that wearable devices, such as smartwatches with contactless payment capabilities, can offer a more accessible and user-friendly alternative to traditional payment methods for elderly users.(Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024) The authors highlight the potential of these technologies to reduce reliance on cash and physical cards, thereby promoting greater financial autonomy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRQ5. To what extent do the impact of digital literacy programmes affect the confidence and adoption rates of contactless payments among elderly individuals?\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe systematic review identifies increased digital literacy as a pivotal enabler of device centric contactless payment adoption among elderly populations. As digital technologies become deeply integrated into everyday life, equipping older adults with the skills and confidence to navigate these systems is crucial for broader digital inclusion (Choi et al., 2024; Tellado et al., 2024).The adoption of contactless payments serves as gateway technology, encouraging the elderly to engage with other digital tools and services, from mobile banking to e-health platforms (Hou \u0026amp; Chen, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, this potential is contingent upon overcoming several barriers:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eTailored education and training programs, when focused on practical, confidence-building experiences, have shown to significantly increase the adoption of mobile payments (Nam et al., 2023; Chan et al., 2024; Batra et al., 2024; Vijeta \u0026amp; Yadav, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrograms that emphasize dialogic and peer-supported learning environments, especially for older women, help reduce anxiety and build essential smartphone and payment skills (Tellado et al., 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eSimplified user interfaces, characterized by large fonts, fewer steps, and clear visual feedback, reduce cognitive load and increase usability (Atkinson et al., 2016; Jiang et al., 2023; Ubam et al., 2021).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily and community involvement plays a critical support role. Younger relatives and volunteers can offer personalized guidance, while community workshops create inclusive learning ecosystems (Das, 2024; Msweli \u0026amp; Mawela, 2020; Burmeister et al., 2016; Prodromou et al., 2019; Suchowerska \u0026amp; McCosker, 2022).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion, Implications, Limitations, and Future Research Directions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis systematic review investigated the multifaceted barriers and enablers influencing the adoption of device centric contactless payment technologies among elderly populations, with particular attention to underserved and digitally marginalised communities. The findings reveal that while digital inclusion presents promising opportunities for financial empowerment, enhanced autonomy, and broader social participation among older adults, these benefits remain constrained by significant structural, cognitive, and perceptual challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDigital literacy deficiencies (RQ1), compounded by usability hurdles and interface complexity, continue to serve as core obstacles to adoption. Socioeconomic disparities, cognitive and physical limitations, and inadequate support structures (RQ2) further widen the digital divide. In parallel, persistent security concerns, low trust in digital systems, and privacy fears (RQ3) inhibit adoption despite increasing exposure to digital ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConversely, the review also identified transformative opportunities (RQ4, RQ5): inclusive digital financial services improve access, reduce dependency on cash, and promote independence and confidence in managing finances. Community-led education programs, family support, simplified interfaces, and peer learning models were shown to be instrumental in equipping elderly individuals with the necessary capabilities and motivation to embrace contactless payment technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this systematic review hold several important implications for policymakers, financial institutions, technology developers, and community-based educators working to enhance digital inclusion for elderly populations. For policymakers and financial institutions, there is a pressing need to embed digital inclusion strategies within broader financial inclusion agendas, particularly targeting low-income and rural elderly individuals. National and regional policy frameworks should support the affordability and accessibility of digital infrastructure, including mobile devices and secure contactless payment platforms. Moreover, regulatory authorities must enforce inclusive design standards that ensure all financial service platforms meet minimum accessibility criteria. These should encompass legible font sizes, simplified navigation, multimodal authentication mechanisms, and robust consumer protection policies tailored to the digital vulnerabilities of the elderly. Strengthening fraud protection systems, streamlining dispute resolution mechanisms, and providing around-the-clock human support services can further improve digital trust and uptake among this demographic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom a technological perspective, developers of fintech products must adopt user-centered design approaches that accommodate the sensory, cognitive, and physical limitations associated with aging. Engaging older adults in product design, testing, and feedback loops will help ensure that solutions are grounded in their lived experiences. The implementation of adaptive interfaces with large icons, clear instructions, and minimal navigation steps can enhance usability and reduce the cognitive burden of transactions. In addition, the introduction of wearable and voice-enabled contactless payment devices may provide more inclusive alternatives for users with visual or motor impairments. Developers should also explore creating \u0026ldquo;senior modes\u0026rdquo; within apps that focus on essential functionalities such as balance checking and payments while removing unnecessary features that can overwhelm users.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor educators, community organisations, and NGOs, the imperative lies in delivering tailored digital literacy programs that are sensitive to the learning styles and cultural contexts of elderly learners. These initiatives should prioritise local languages, use practical hands-on methods, and be delivered through peer-mentoring or dialogic learning approaches. Evidence from the reviewed literature suggests that intergenerational learning where family members or youth volunteers provide support can be particularly effective in building confidence and reducing digital anxiety among older adults. To enhance support ecosystems, community-based access points such as senior centres, libraries, or clinics should be equipped to offer on-demand training, troubleshooting, and digital resources. Furthermore, inclusive public awareness campaigns highlighting the benefits and safety of digital payments, especially those featuring relatable elderly role models can foster positive perceptions and build user confidence. These campaigns should frame technology adoption as a means of improving independence, convenience, and dignity in later life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCollectively, these implications suggest a multifaceted strategy that spans technological design, educational outreach, regulatory oversight, and cultural sensitivity. By coordinating efforts across these domains, stakeholders can foster a more inclusive digital financial ecosystem that empowers elderly individuals to engage confidently and safely with contactless payment technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFuture Research Directions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilding on the insights derived from this systematic review, several future research avenues are proposed to deepen understanding and improve interventions aimed at enhancing device centric contactless payment adoption among elderly populations. First, longitudinal studies are essential to capture the evolving dynamics of elderly users\u0026rsquo; attitudes, trust levels, and behavioural intentions over time. Such research can illuminate whether initial apprehension diminishes with repeated exposure, and which factors such as confidence, usability, or social reinforcement play a pivotal role in sustained engagement with digital payments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecond, there is a need for region-specific case studies, particularly in underrepresented areas such as rural sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and indigenous communities. These studies can explore contextual nuances, including cultural perceptions, infrastructural limitations, and familial support systems, that influence digital adoption patterns. Investigating these unique localities will yield actionable insights for tailoring interventions in settings with distinct socioeconomic or technological constraints.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThird, future work should include comparative analyses of various device centric tools used in contactless payments, including biometric authentication, wearable payment devices, and traditional contactless cards. Understanding the usability preferences and adoption rates across these modalities in elderly cohorts can inform design decisions and technology deployment strategies that prioritize inclusivity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention-based studies also warrant attention. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate the effectiveness of different types of digital literacy programs such as online modules, peer-led training, and community-based workshops can provide empirical evidence on which educational models are most effective in fostering confidence, comprehension, and adoption among the elderly. These evaluations should also consider gender, age brackets, and literacy levels to account for heterogeneity within older populations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, trust and risk remain recurring themes that demand further quantitative modelling. Future research could develop robust predictive frameworks to examine how variables such as perceived security risk, privacy concerns, prior experiences with fraud, and institutional trust influence the adoption of contactless technologies. Such models can leverage structural equation modelling (SEM) or machine learning classifiers to identify the most salient predictors of resistance or acceptance in this demographic group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTogether, these future directions can help shift the paradigm from broad assumptions about the elderly to evidence-based, user-centred strategies that effectively bridge the digital divide in an increasingly cashless global economy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthical approval: not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll authors wrote the manuscript.All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbdi, S., De Witte, L., \u0026amp; Hawley, M. (2021). Exploring the potential of emerging technologies to meet the care and support needs of older people: A delphi survey. \u003cem\u003eGeriatrics (Switzerland)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e6\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6010019\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAilisto, H., Matinmikko, T., H\u0026auml;iki\u0026ouml;, J., Ylisaukko-oja, A., Str\u0026ouml;mmer, E., Hillukkala, M., Wallin, A., Siira, E., P\u0026ouml;yry, A., T\u0026ouml;rm\u0026auml;nen, V., Leskinen, S., \u0026amp; Salonen, J. (2007). Physical browsing with NFC technology. In \u003cem\u003eVTT Tiedotteita - Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus\u003c/em\u003e (Issue 2400).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAkana, T. (2020). Contactless Payment Cards: Trends and Barriers to Consumer Adoption in the U.S. \u003cem\u003eFederal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMay\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAgrawal, S. (2021). Integrating digital wallets: Advancements in contactless payment technologies. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Intelligent Automation and Computing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e4\u003c/em\u003e(8), 1\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlbarqi, M. N. (2024). Exploring the Effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Interventions for Promoting Independence in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. In \u003cem\u003eHealthcare (Switzerland)\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 12, Issue 21). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12212105\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlexandru, A., Coardos, D., \u0026amp; Tudora, E. (2019). Acceptance of the technologies deployed for the development of online public services and systems used by elderly. \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the 11th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2019\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECAI46879.2019.9042058\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlfie, N. A., Sidi, J., Junaini, S. N., Chai, W. Y., Mit, E., \u0026amp; Gedat, R. (2023). Bridging the Digital Gap: A Systematic Review on UI/UX Design Considerations for Elderly-friendly Digital Wallets. \u003cem\u003e2023 6th International Conference on Applied Computational Intelligence in Information Systems: Intelligent and Resilient Digital Innovations for Sustainable Living, ACIIS 2023 - Proceedings\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIIS59385.2023.10367419\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAllen, F., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., \u0026amp; Martinez Peria, M. S. (2016). The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Financial Intermediation\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e27\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2015.12.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAl-Sharafi, M. A., Al-Qaysi, N., Iahad, N. A., \u0026amp; Al-Emran, M. (2022). Evaluating the sustainable use of mobile payment contactless technologies within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic using a hybrid SEM-ANN approach. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Bank Marketing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e40\u003c/em\u003e(5), 1071\u0026ndash;1095. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2021-0291\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAndalib Touchaei, S., \u0026amp; Hazarina Hashim, N. (2024). The Antecedents of Mobile Banking Adoption among Senior Citizens in Malaysia. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Human-Computer Interaction\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e40\u003c/em\u003e(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2161236\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnyiam, E. C., Adoghe, A. U., Ossai, I. L., Samuel, I., \u0026amp; Okokpujie, K. (2023). Development of A Hybrid Near Field Communication Payment System for a Closed Community. \u003cem\u003e2023 2nd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Engineering and Applied Science, ICMEAS 2023\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMEAS58693.2023.10379212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArora, D., Garg, M., \u0026amp; Mongia, S. (2022). Global Case Studies, Domains and Used Methodologies Concerning Cyber Security in Online banking: A Review. \u003cem\u003e2022 10th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions), ICRITO 2022\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRITO56286.2022.9965094\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArora, S., Julka, A., \u0026amp; Mehta, M. (2022). Fintech Driven Finclusion - An Analysis of Mobile Payments during Covid-19. \u003cem\u003eThe Management Accountant Journal\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e57\u003c/em\u003e(5). https://doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i5.62-66p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAtkinson, K. B., Barnes, J., Albee, J., Anttila, P., Haataja, J., Nanavati, K., Steelman, K. S., \u0026amp; Wallace, C. (2016). Breaking Barriers to Digital Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1145/2982142.2982183\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBalakrishnan, V., \u0026amp; Shuib, N. L. M. (2021). Drivers and inhibitors for digital payment adoption using the Cashless Society Readiness-Adoption model in Malaysia. \u003cem\u003eTechnology in Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e65\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101554\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBao, L., Xu, L., \u0026amp; Ying, L. (2023). Inclusiveness in the Design of Mobile Payment Products for Chinese Elderly Users. \u003cem\u003eDesign for Inclusion\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e75\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003341\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBatra, R., Flatt, J. D., Pharr, J. R., Sharma, M., Khubchandani, J., Kanekar, A., Chirico, F., \u0026amp; Batra, K. (2024). Exploring Social Support Strategies and Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Social Isolation and Loneliness: The Role of Digital Literacy. In Healthcare. \u003cem\u003eMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\u003c/em\u003e, 12(21), 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12212149\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBenson, V., Ezingeard, J. N., \u0026amp; Hand, C. (2019). An empirical study of purchase behaviour on social platforms: The role of risk, beliefs and characteristics. \u003cem\u003eInformation Technology and People\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e32\u003c/em\u003e(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2017-0267\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBerkowsky, R. W., Sharit, J., \u0026amp; Czaja, S. J. (2017). Factors Predicting Decisions about Technology Adoption among Older Adults. \u003cem\u003eInnovation in Aging\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBurmeister, O. K., Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., \u0026amp; Cleary, M. (2016). Enhancing Connectedness Through Peer Training for Community-Dwelling Older People: A Person Centred Approach. \u003cem\u003eIssues in Mental Health Nursing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e37\u003c/em\u003e(6). https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2016.1142623\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCham, T. H., Cheah, J. H., Cheng, B. L., \u0026amp; Lim, X. J. (2022). I Am too old for this! Barriers contributing to the non-adoption of mobile payment. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Bank Marketing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e40\u003c/em\u003e(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2021-0283\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCham, T.-H., Cheah, J.-H., Cheng, B.-L., \u0026amp; Lim, X.-J. (2022). I Am too old for this! Barriers contributing to the non-adoption of mobile payment. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Bank Marketing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e40\u003c/em\u003e(5), 1017\u0026ndash;1050. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2021-0283\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChan, C. K. Y., Burton, K., \u0026amp; Flower, R. L. (2024). Facilitators and barriers of technology adoption and social connectedness among rural older adults: a qualitative study. \u003cem\u003eHealth Psychology and Behavioral Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e12\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2024.2398167\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChaouali, W., \u0026amp; Souiden, N. (2019). The role of cognitive age in explaining mobile banking resistance among elderly people. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Retailing and Consumer Services\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e50\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen, Y. R. R., \u0026amp; Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Medical Internet Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e18\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4596\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChetty, K., Aneja, U., Mishra, V., Gcora, N., \u0026amp; Josie, J. (2018). Bridging the digital divide in the G20: Skills for the new age. \u003cem\u003eEconomics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e12\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoi, Y., Han, S., \u0026amp; Lee, C. (2024). Exploring drivers of fintech adoption among elderly consumers. \u003cem\u003eTechnology in Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e78\u003c/em\u003e, 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2024.102669\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChoudrie, J., Junior, C. O., McKenna, B., \u0026amp; Richter, S. (2018). Understanding and conceptualising the adoption, use and diffusion of mobile banking in older adults: A research agenda and conceptual framework. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Business Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e88\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.029\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChua, C. S. W., Lim, W. M., \u0026amp; Teh, P. L. (2024). Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Adoption of Technology-Mediated Mobility Solutions: A Review and Agenda. \u003cem\u003eActivities, Adaptation and Aging\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2024.2343605\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDai, J., Miedema, J., Hernandez, S., Sutton-Lalani, A., \u0026amp; Moffatt, K. (2023). Cognitive Accessibility of Digital Payments: A Literature Review. \u003cem\u003eACM International Conference Proceeding Series\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1145/3587281.3587294\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDas, S. (2024). \u003cem\u003eDesign of Secure, Privacy-focused, and Accessible E-Payment Applications for Older Adults\u003c/em\u003e. http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08555\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDemirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., \u0026amp; Singer, D. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. In \u003cem\u003eFinancial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8040\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeng, Z., Mo, X., \u0026amp; Liu, S. (2014). Comparison of the middle-aged and older users\u0026rsquo; adoption of mobile health services in China. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Medical Informatics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e83\u003c/em\u003e(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.12.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDequanter, S., Fobelets, M., Steenhout, I., Gagnon, M. P., Bourbonnais, A., Rahimi, S., Buyl, R., \u0026amp; Gorus, E. (2022). Determinants of technology adoption and continued use among cognitively impaired older adults: a qualitative study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Geriatrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03048-w\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFarivar, S., Abouzahra, M., \u0026amp; Ghasemaghaei, M. (2020). Wearable device adoption among older adults: A mixed-methods study. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Information Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e55\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102209\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFebrianto, A., Siga, E. C. A. R., Kristin, D. M., \u0026amp; Pratama, M. R. K. (2023). Digital Payment Adoption Research of SMEs in Emerging Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. \u003cem\u003e2023 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information Systems, ICIMCIS 2023\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMCIS60089.2023.10349051\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFingerman, K. L., Birditt, K. S., \u0026amp; Umberson, D. J. (2020). Use of Technologies for Social Connectedness and Well-Being and as a Tool for Research Data Collection in Older Adults. \u003cem\u003eMobile Technology for Adaptive Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreene, D., \u0026amp; Shilton, K. (2018). Platform privacies: Governance, collaboration, and the different meanings of \u0026ldquo;privacy\u0026rdquo; in iOS and Android development. \u003cem\u003eNew Media and Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817702397\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHanif, Y., \u0026amp; Lallie, H. S. (2021). Security factors on the intention to use mobile banking applications in the UK older generation (55+). A mixed-method study using modified UTAUT and MTAM - with perceived cyber security, risk, and trust. \u003cem\u003eTechnology in Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e67\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101693\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe, C., He, L., Lu, Z., \u0026amp; Li, B. (2023). \u0026ldquo;I Have to Use My Son\u0026rsquo;s QR Code to Run the Business\u0026rdquo;: Unpacking Senior Street Vendors\u0026rsquo; Challenges in Mobile Money Collection in China. \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e(CSCW1). https://doi.org/10.1145/3579493\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe, Y., Li, K., \u0026amp; Wang, Y. (2022). Crossing the digital divide: The impact of the digital economy on elderly individuals\u0026rsquo; consumption upgrade in China. \u003cem\u003eTechnology in Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e71\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102141\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHou, J., \u0026amp; Chen, J. (2024). Crossing the Digital Divide in Older People: Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Willingness of the Elderly to Use Mobile Payment. In \u003cem\u003eLecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies\u003c/em\u003e, 215. pp 76\u0026ndash;91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5098-6_6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang, T., Wang, G., \u0026amp; Huang, C. (2024). What promotes the mobile payment behavior of the elderly? \u003cem\u003eHumanities and Social Sciences Communications\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04031-z\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJena, R. (2023). Factors Impacting Senior Citizens\u0026rsquo; Adoption of E-Banking Post COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study from India. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Risk and Financial Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e16\u003c/em\u003e(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16090380\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJiang, Y. S., Shi, H., Kang, Y. T., Shen, J., Li, J., Cui, J., Pang, J., Zhang, C., \u0026amp; Zhang, J. (2023). Impact of age-friendly living environment and intrinsic capacity on functional ability in older adults: a cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Geriatrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e23\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04089-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJin, X., \u0026amp; Fan, M. (2022). \u0026ldquo;i Used to Carry A Wallet, Now i Just Need to Carry My Phone\u0026rdquo;: Understanding Current Banking Practices and Challenges among Older Adults in China. \u003cem\u003eASSETS 2022 - Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517428.3544820\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJin, X., Kuang, E., \u0026amp; Fan, M. (2021). Too old to bank digitally? : A Survey of Banking Practices and Challenges among Older Adults in China. \u003cem\u003eDIS 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference: Nowhere and Everywhere\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462127\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJithendran, S., \u0026amp; Rajeev Kumar, A. D. (2022). Muddling through Digital Payment Interfaces : The Case of Visually Impaired and Elderly Population. \u003cem\u003eThe Management Accountant Journal\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e57\u003c/em\u003e(9). https://doi.org/10.33516/maj.v57i9.53-56p\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKnight, T., Yuan, X., \u0026amp; Bennett Gayle, D. M. (2023). Privacy and security concerns: A systematic review of older adults\u0026rsquo; perceptions surrounding the use of technology. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Data Protection and Privacy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e(4). https://doi.org/10.69554/yxut5395\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKnight, T., Yuan, X., \u0026amp; Gayle, D. D. B. (2024). Illuminating Privacy and Security Concerns in Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Technology Adoption. In \u003cem\u003eWork, Aging and Retirement\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 10, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waac032\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKongkaew, M., \u0026amp; Thipjumnong, A. (2023). Asia Social Issues New Normal Payment Method among Elderly in COVID-19 Pandemic. \u003cem\u003eAsia Social Issues\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e16\u003c/em\u003e(4), 1\u0026ndash;16. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/asi\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKopylova, N., Greyling, T., \u0026amp; Rossouw, S. (2022). Multidimensional Quality of Life of Older Adults in South Africa. \u003cem\u003eApplied Research in Quality of Life\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e17\u003c/em\u003e(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10072-w\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLatke, N. (2024). Designing Intuitive Financial Technologies for Elderly Users: A User-Centered approach to Retirement Planning and Investment Platforms. In \u003cem\u003eIJFMR240426161\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 6, Issue 4). www.ijfmr.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLee, C., \u0026amp; Coughlin, J. F. (2015). PERSPECTIVE: Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Adoption of Technology: An Integrated Approach to Identifying Determinants and Barriers. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Product Innovation Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e32\u003c/em\u003e(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12176\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLee, Y., Migrino, L., Deloria, R., \u0026amp; Robertson, K. (2023). Through their lens: a photovoice study of older adults\u0026rsquo;experiences of accessibility and aging in community. \u003cem\u003eInnovation in Aging\u003c/em\u003e, 7(1), 1172.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLeedahl, S., Wilber, K., \u0026amp; Choi, N. (2023). THE PROMISE OF DIGITAL INCLUSION FOR OLDER ADULTS: BUILDING BRIDGES FOR UNDERSERVED OLDER ADULTS IN TWO STATES. \u003cem\u003eInnovation in Aging\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1716\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., G\u0026oslash;tzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P., ... \u0026amp; Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. \u003cem\u003eBmj\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e339\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLigon, E., Malick, B., Sheth, K., \u0026amp; Trachtman, C. (2019). What explains low adoption of digital payment technologies? Evidence from small-scale merchants in Jaipur, India. \u003cem\u003ePLoS ONE\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219450\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu, T., \u0026amp; Li, X. (2022). Exploring Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Adoption of WeChat Pay: A Cognitive Lock-In Perspective. In \u003cem\u003eLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Vol. 13330 LNCS\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05581-2_36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu, Y. (2024). Analyzing the Impact of the Digital Divide on Individuals, Families, and Society: A Technological Perspective. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Applied Economics and Policy Studies\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(1), 44\u0026ndash;51. https://doi.org/10.54254/2977-5701/2024.18281\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLusardi, A., \u0026amp; Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Economic Literature\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e52\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMalik, S., Singh, K. N., Thomas, A., Troise, C., \u0026amp; Bresciani, S. (2024). Does financial inclusion build the financial resilience of elderly women? \u003cem\u003eVenture Capital\u003c/em\u003e, 1\u0026ndash;23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2024.2436911\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMalladi, C. M., Soni, R. K., \u0026amp; Srinivasan, S. (2021). Digital financial inclusion: next frontiers\u0026mdash;challenges and opportunities. \u003cem\u003eCSI Transactions on ICT\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40012-021-00328-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaqbool, S., \u0026amp; Munteanu, C. (2018). Understanding older adults\u0026rsquo; long-term financial practices: Challenges \u0026amp; opportunities for design. \u003cem\u003eConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2018-April\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188677\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarcelin, I., \u0026amp; Sun, W. (2023). \u003cem\u003eFinancial Inclusion, Inequality, and Retirement Trends among Older Workers\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMartins Van Jaarsveld, G. (2020). The Effects of COVID-19 Among the Elderly Population: A Case for Closing the Digital Divide. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577427\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMei, Y. (2024). Exploring the mechanisms driving elderly Fintech engagement: the role of social influence and the elderly\u0026rsquo;s digital literacy. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Psychology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e15\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1420147\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMitzner, T. L., Boron, J. B., Fausset, C. B., Adams, A. E., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., Dijkstra, K., Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., \u0026amp; Sharit, J. (2010). Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. \u003cem\u003eComputers in Human Behavior\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e26\u003c/em\u003e(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMitzner, T. L., Savla, J., Boot, W. R., Sharit, J., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., \u0026amp; Rogers, W. A. (2019). Technology Adoption by Older Adults: Findings from the PRISM Trial. \u003cem\u003eGerontologist\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e59\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny113\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMohd Zaid, N. N., Ahmad, N. A., Abd Rauf, M. F., Zainal, A., Abdul Razak, F. H., Tengku Shahdan, T. S., \u0026amp; Pek, L. S. (2023). Elderly and their barriers to accepting and learning to use technology: A scoping review. \u003cem\u003eMasyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e36\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;17. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v36i12023.1-17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorrison, B. A., Nicholson, J., Wood, B., \u0026amp; Briggs, P. (2023). Life after lockdown: The experiences of older adults in a contactless digital world. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Psychology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e13\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1100521\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMorrison, D., \u0026amp; McCutheon, J. (2019). Empowering older adults\u0026rsquo; informal, self-directed learning: harnessing the potential of online personal learning networks. \u003cem\u003eResearch and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0104-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMouna, A., \u0026amp; Jarboui, A. (2022). Understanding the link between government cashless policy, digital financial services and socio-demographic characteristics in the MENA countries. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Sociology and Social Policy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e42\u003c/em\u003e(5\u0026ndash;6). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-12-2020-0544\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoxley, J., Sharit, J., \u0026amp; Czaja, S. J. (2022). The Factors Influencing Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Decisions Surrounding Adoption of Technology: Quantitative Experimental Study. \u003cem\u003eJMIR Aging\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/39890\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMsweli, N. T., \u0026amp; Mawela, T. (2020). Enablers and Barriers for Mobile Commerce and Banking Services Among the Elderly in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. \u003cem\u003eLecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e12067 LNCS\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMsweli, N. T., \u0026amp; Mawela, T. (2021). Financial inclusion of the elderly: Exploring the role of mobile banking adoption. In \u003cem\u003eActa Informatica Pragensia\u003c/em\u003e, 10(1), 1\u0026ndash;21. https://doi.org/10.18267/J.AIP.143\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMui Hung Kee, D., Huey Lai, K., Ching Lee, J., Jie Lee, K., Long Lee, J., Yosanti, I., \u0026amp; Nita Aryani, D. (2022). Do You Have a Digital Wallet? A Study of E-Wallet during the COVID-19 Pandemic. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Accounting \u0026amp; Finance in Asia Pasific (IJAFAP)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e(1), 24\u0026ndash;38. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijafap.v5i1.141\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMukherjee, S., \u0026amp; Sood, K. (2020). Triggers and barriers of financial inclusion: A country-wise analysis. In \u003cem\u003eAsian Economic and Financial Review\u003c/em\u003e, 10(9). 970\u0026ndash;988. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.109.970.988\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNgan, L. T., Sheng, Y., \u0026amp; Chen, W. (2025). Investigating Factors Associated with Digital Inclusion Among Older Adults in China: A Latent Profile Analysis. \u003cem\u003eStudies in Media and Communication\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e13\u003c/em\u003e(1), 322\u0026ndash;339. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v13i1.7298\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkunbor, C. O., Alao, O. D., Adekunle, Y. A., \u0026amp; Adebayo, A. O. (2020). The Challenges of Contactless Payment Models using Near Field Communication Enabled Devices. In \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research\u003c/em\u003e, 9(4), 133\u0026ndash;138. www.ijcat.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePrasastiningtyas, W., Kurniawan, A. A., Ruswandi, A., Gymnastiar, I. A., Amin, F., Sangga Buana, U., Siber, U., Jakarta, A., Sunan, U., \u0026amp; Djati Bandung, G. (2024). DIGITAL LITERACY INITIATIVES EMPOWERING MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES THROUGH TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION. In \u003cem\u003eIndonesian Journal of Studies on Humanities, Social Sciences, and Education (IJHSED) E-ISSN\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 1, Issue 2). www.ijhsed.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProdromou, M., Themistocleous, S., Theodoridou, K., Bokolas, V., Sitareniou, D., \u0026amp; Lavranos, G. (2019). Needs assessment regarding ICT for elderly people and their carers: The PROADAS study. \u003cem\u003eHellenic Journal of Nursing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e58\u003c/em\u003e(2).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRajaobelina, L., Brun, I., Line, R., \u0026amp; Cloutier-Bilodeau, C. (2021). Not all elderly are the same: fostering trust through mobile banking service experience. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Bank Marketing\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e39\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-05-2020-0288\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRathore, H. S. (2016). Adoption of digital wallet by consumers. \u003cem\u003eBVIMSR\u0026rsquo;s Journal of Management Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e8\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRazali, R. S., Cheak, A. P. C., Yuen, Y. Y., \u0026amp; Goh, C. Y. (2024). Developing a Model for Mobile Payment Adoption among Senior Citizens in Malaysia: A Pilot Study. \u003cem\u003ePakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e(2), 15049\u0026ndash;15063. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001083\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchreurs, K., Quan-Haase, A., \u0026amp; Martin, K. (2017). Problematizing the digital literacy paradox in the context of older adults\u0026rsquo; ICT use: Aging, media discourse, and self-determination. \u003cem\u003eCanadian Journal of Communication\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e42\u003c/em\u003e(2). https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2017v42n2a3130\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma, R., Singh, G., \u0026amp; Sharma, S. (2020). Modelling internet banking adoption in Fiji: A developing country perspective. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Information Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e53\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102116\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingh, G. (2019). A Review of Factors Affecting Digital Payments and Adoption Behaviour for Mobile e-wallets. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Research in Management \u0026amp; Business Studies (IJRMBS)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e6\u003c/em\u003e(4).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSixsmith, A., Horst, B. R., Simeonov, D., \u0026amp; Mihailidis, A. (2022). Older People\u0026rsquo;s Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Science, Technology and Society\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e42\u003c/em\u003e(1\u0026ndash;2). https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676221094731\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuchowerska, R., \u0026amp; McCosker, A. (2022). Governance networks that strengthen older adults\u0026rsquo; digital inclusion: The challenges of metagovernance. \u003cem\u003eGovernment Information Quarterly\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e39\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101649\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTeker, S., Teker, D., \u0026amp; Orman, I. (2022). DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS: A FUTURE OUTLOOK. \u003cem\u003ePressacademia\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e15\u003c/em\u003e(45), 175\u0026ndash;176. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2022.1613\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTellado, I., Girb\u0026eacute;s-Peco, S., Joanpere-Foraster, M., \u0026amp; Burgu\u0026eacute;s-Freitas, A. (2024). Digital literacy of older women with smartphones: a dialogic approach to overcoming barriers. \u003cem\u003eResearch on Ageing and Social Policy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e12\u003c/em\u003e(1), 44\u0026ndash;61. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.13864\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThomas, D., Chowdhury, G., \u0026amp; Ruthven, I. (2024). Are older people battling with digital financial services?. In \u003cem\u003eInternational Conference on Information\u003c/em\u003e. 139\u0026ndash;146.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTomczyk, Ł., \u0026amp; Kielar, I. (2024). Empowering the elderly in the information society: Redefining digital education for Polish seniors in the age of rapid technological change. \u003cem\u003eEducational Gerontology\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2024.2439908\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTomczyk, Ł., Mascia, M. L., Gierszewski, D., \u0026amp; Walker, C. (2023). Barriers to digital inclusion among older people: a intergenerational reflection on the need to develop digital competences for the group with the highest level of digital exclusion. \u003cem\u003eInnoeduca. International Journal of Technology and Educational Innovation\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.24310/innoeduca.2023.v9i1.16433\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUbam, E., Hipiny, I., \u0026amp; Ujir, H. (2021). User Interface/User Experience (UI/UX) Analysis Design of Mobile Banking App for Senior Citizens: A Case Study in Sarawak, Malaysia. \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEI52609.2021.9611136\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmakanth, S., Varun. A. S, Jain, M., Agarwal, M., Jain, A., \u0026amp; Bagrecha, A. (2024). \u003cem\u003ePerception of the Impact of Digital Wallets, Mobile Payments, and Contactless Payment Technologies Among the Senior Citizens Residing in Bangalore in Regard to Purchases, Travel, and Household Expenses\u003c/em\u003e. www.ijfmr.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVailati Riboni, F., Comazzi, B., Bercovitz, K., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., \u0026amp; Pagnini, F. (2020). Technologically-enhanced psychological interventions for older adults: A scoping review. In \u003cem\u003eBMC Geriatrics\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 20, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01594-9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVatsa, V., \u0026amp; Agarwal, B. (2022). Factors impacting adoption and continuous use of contactless digital payments in the new normal. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Electronic Finance\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijef.2022.126481\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVijeta, M., \u0026amp; Yadav, L. K. (2025). Digital Financial Literacy Programs and Their Effectiveness in Promoting Mobile Payment Use among Elderly Population. \u003cem\u003eEuropean Economic Letters\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e15\u003c/em\u003e(1), 2182\u0026ndash;2190. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v13i3.331\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVitak, J., \u0026amp; Shilton, K. (2020). Trust, privacy and security, and accessibility considerations when conducting mobile technologies research with older adults. \u003cem\u003eMobile Technology for Adaptive Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWakil Ali, A. (2024). Financial Inclusion as a Catalyst for Economic Empowerment: Insights from Goalpara District, Assam. \u003cem\u003eInternationJournal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e6\u003c/em\u003e(6), 1\u0026ndash;6. www.ijfmr.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang, Q. (2020). \u003cem\u003eService Design Strategy of Public Information Products for Elderly Users\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.191225.165\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang, X., Lee, C. F., Jiang, J., \u0026amp; Zhu, X. (2023). Factors Influencing the Aged in the Use of Mobile Healthcare Applications: An Empirical Study in China. \u003cem\u003eHealthcare (Switzerland)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e11\u003c/em\u003e(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030396\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWarchlewska, A. (2020). WILL THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASHLESS PAYMENT TECHNOLOGIES INCREASE THE FINANCIAL EXCLUSION OF SENIOR CITIZENS? \u003cem\u003eActa Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e19\u003c/em\u003e(2). https://doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.2.21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWong, D., Liu, H., Meng-Lewis, Y., Sun, Y., \u0026amp; Zhang, Y. (2022). Gamified money: exploring the effectiveness of gamification in mobile payment adoption among the silver generation in China. \u003cem\u003eInformation Technology and People\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e35\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2019-0456\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Bank. (2020). \u003cem\u003eThe Global Findex Database 2020: Financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19\u003c/em\u003e. https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/, Accessed: [14 March 2025]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXie, J. (2023). Influencing Factors on the Adoption of Online Payment Systems among the Elderly and Middle Aged people. \u003cem\u003eHighlights in Science, Engineering and Technology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e49\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.54097/hset.v49i.8515\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXu, H., Xie, B., \u0026amp; Chang, C. H. (2024). Empowering the Care of Older Adults Through the Use of Technology. In \u003cem\u003eWork, Aging and Retirement\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 10, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waad030\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYang, C. C., Yang, S. Y., \u0026amp; Chang, Y. C. (2023). Predicting Older Adults\u0026rsquo; Mobile Payment Adoption: An Extended TAM Model. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021391\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYap, Y. Y., Tan, S. H., Tan, S. K., \u0026amp; Choon, S. W. (2022). Integrating the capability approach and technology acceptance model to explain the elderly\u0026rsquo;s use intention of online grocery shopping. \u003cem\u003eTelematics and Informatics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e72\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101842\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYusif, S., Soar, J., \u0026amp; Hafeez-Baig, A. (2016). Older people, assistive technologies, and the barriers to adoption: A systematic review. \u003cem\u003eInternational journal of medical informatics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e94\u003c/em\u003e, 112\u0026ndash;116.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang, M. (2023). Older people\u0026rsquo;s attitudes towards emerging technologies: A systematic literature review. In \u003cem\u003ePublic Understanding of Science\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 32, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625231171677\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang, M., \u0026amp; Poon, W. C. (2021). Factors determining the adoption of mobile payment among elderly in shandong, China. \u003cem\u003eACM International Conference Proceeding Series\u003c/em\u003e. https://doi.org/10.1145/3481127.3481212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang, X., \u0026amp; Dolah, J. (2024). A Study of Key Factors Influencing the Usability of Smartphone Graphical User Interfaces for Older Adults. \u003cem\u003ePaperASIA\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e40\u003c/em\u003e(5b), 136\u0026ndash;151. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i5b.232\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhao, Y., \u0026amp; Bacao, F. (2021). How does the pandemic facilitate mobile payment? An investigation on users\u0026rsquo; perspective under the COVID-19 pandemic. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e18\u003c/em\u003e(3), 1\u0026ndash;22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031016\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhu, J., Li, X., Jiang, Y., \u0026amp; Ma, W. (2024). Predicting elderly users\u0026rsquo; intention of digital payments during COVID-19: an extension of the theory of planned behavior model. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Social Economics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e51\u003c/em\u003e(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2022-0759\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"digital inclusion, elderly population, device centric adoption, contactless payments, cashless society","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe global transition to a cashless society, driven by technologies such as Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay, presents both significant opportunities and challenges especially for elderly populations. While these centric contactless payment technologies offer the promise of financial autonomy, enhanced convenience, and improved quality of life, older adults often face barriers to adoption due to digital exclusion. This study conducts a systematic review to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with elderly adoption of device centric contactless payment systems. Using PRISMA guidelines, 1,272 articles were initially identified from databases including Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, Web of Science, ResearchGate, and Scopus. After applying eligibility criteria, 32 peer reviewed empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included in the final analysis. Thematic synthesis revealed five key themes: digital literacy and usability, accessibility constraints, social support, perceived security, and design suitability. Although these technologies offer autonomy and convenience, elderly users frequently encounter obstacles such as cognitive overload, poor interface design, low digital trust, and infrastructural limitations especially in rural and underserved areas. Conversely, adoption is facilitated by intergenerational support, inclusive policies, and age-friendly device design. There review identifies a lack of longitudinal and qualitative research, particularly in the Global South, and calls for inclusive digital finance strategies. It is among the first systematic reviews to examine device centric contactless payment adoption through the lens of elderly digital inclusion, offering policy and design recommendations for promoting equitable access in emerging economies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Digital Inclusion of Elderly Population: Adoption of Device Centric Contactless Replacing Cash-A Systematic Review","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-09 03:36:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926102/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d47f2ab8-a060-475c-8adc-2f280f2501c7","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-20T06:40:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-09 03:36:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6926102","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6926102","identity":"rs-6926102","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}