Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimensions with Retailer Procurement Strategies: A Generalized Structural Equation Modelling

Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimensions with Retailer Procurement Strategies: A Generalized Structural Equation Modelling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Linking Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimensions with Retailer Procurement Strategies: A Generalized Structural Equation Modelling Joseph Alulu, Kavoi Muendo, Emmanuel Donkor, Dagmar Mithöfer This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6447113/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) within agrifood chains, particularly at the downstream level, remains limited. This study contributes to expanding knowledge on EO and its relationship with procurement strategy choices among retailers. This paper analyses the association between EO and choice of procurement strategies, with a focus on multidimensionality of EO. It also examines the factors influencing the choice of procurement strategies, as well as the various dimensions of EO. Using cross-section data collected from a market survey of 320 AIV retailers in Kenya, this study employs generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) to simultaneously assess the influence of five dimensions of EO on choice of procurement strategies, as well as correlates of choice of procurement strategies and dimensions of EO. Our findings indicate an association between dimensions of EO and choice of procurement strategies. Specifically, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness are negatively correlated with retailers’ likelihood of choosing oral contract over spot markets as a procurement strategy. Additionally, retailers’ age, access to credit and access to training are associated with procurement strategy choices. We also find that education level, market type, and access to training influence the individual dimensions of EO. This paper offers a methodological contribution by conceptualizing EO from a multi-dimensional perspective – an approach that few studies have critically explored. This multi-dimensional perspective provides more nuanced insights into how specific EO dimensions influence retailers’ decision regarding procurement strategies. JEL Classification: Q1, D4, M2 Agricultural Economics & Policy African Indigenous Vegetables Procurement strategies Business models Entrepreneurial orientation Generalized structural equation modelling Retailers Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6447113","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":442788937,"identity":"a82a7988-9181-48ea-9fe5-1ff5aa002f7f","order_by":0,"name":"Joseph Alulu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABB0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYowcfA3MDwEcgwAPIPJEBl8GphA5KMMyFaGPBqgesDaWHmhWlhwKOFub394ePCHQzybBKJbdK2Ow4zmLP3PjjwcAeDbD8uC3rOGBvPPMNg2AbSknvmMINlz3GDA4lnGIxn4rCGcUYOmzRvGwMjREvb4foNN9IYDiS2MSRuOIBLS/rz30At9mAtlm2HGQzuP4No2Y9TS4IZM1BLIlgLI0jLDTaoLXj8Ij2zTSK5jedhs2VvWzrQL2CHSRjPwGGLITDEPhe22dj2sycfvPGzzRoYYscYH/5ss5Htx+F9Q6A4MwODBIYEpggMyDOAtYyCUTAKRsEowAMAwzBd/W6IoJIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joseph","middleName":"","lastName":"Alulu","suffix":""},{"id":442789075,"identity":"4fb4b44b-0bc2-46c7-988a-c1cf1cc03bf7","order_by":1,"name":"Kavoi Muendo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kavoi","middleName":"","lastName":"Muendo","suffix":""},{"id":442789076,"identity":"755f02c9-7cdb-4cfe-ab82-a62962f4887d","order_by":2,"name":"Emmanuel Donkor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emmanuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Donkor","suffix":""},{"id":442789077,"identity":"a9aa9b95-76f4-4b82-bc8c-10a48f2c9d50","order_by":3,"name":"Dagmar Mithöfer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dagmar","middleName":"","lastName":"Mithöfer","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-14 14:50:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6447113/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6447113/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80773024,"identity":"b3e37604-e379-462f-9502-91a935d46719","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-17 02:16:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":456856,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Aluluetal.2025Preprint.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6447113/v1_covered_5ff7fef0-d9f0-4b6c-a2d7-254b5ba4dd3b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLinking Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimensions with Retailer Procurement Strategies: A Generalized Structural Equation Modelling\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"African Indigenous Vegetables, Procurement strategies, Business models, Entrepreneurial orientation, Generalized structural equation modelling, Retailers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6447113/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6447113/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eResearch on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) within agrifood chains, particularly at the downstream level, remains limited. 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