Interfacial flow contact resistance in stratified terrains: A hidden trigger for multi-hazard geological disasters

Interfacial flow contact resistance in stratified terrains: A hidden trigger for multi-hazard geological disasters | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Interfacial flow contact resistance in stratified terrains: A hidden trigger for multi-hazard geological disasters Jiahao Xie, Minjie Wen, Qiang Li, Guoxiong Mei, Yi Tian, Wenbing Wu, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8286992/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Geohazards such as cascading landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows in stratified terrains are often triggered by localized hydraulic failure at geological interfaces. When pore water seeps slowly along irregular pore channels at the interfaces with significantly varying permeability, abrupt changes in pore water pressure can be induced by the interfacial flow contact resistance (IFCR) under laminar flow conditions-defined herein as the flow gradient. For the first time, this study reveals that IFCR between geological layers is a key inducing factor for multi-hazard susceptibility, fundamentally reshaping the theoretical framework of the traditional load-driven instability models. The flow contact resistance coefficient (FCRC) across layered geological interfaces was measured using a self-developed testing system. The corresponding abrupt variations in pore water pressure at these interfaces were thereby characterized, providing novel insights into the instability mechanisms of geological media under complex environmental conditions. Test results indicate that the FCRC increases significantly with the dry density (1.3–1.45 g/cm³) and sand content (0–15%) of the geomaterials, but is insensitive to water injection pressure (40–100 kPa). Furthermore, the study reveals that a certain degree of IFCR persists at the contact interface even when the physical properties of the upper and lower geological layers are essentially identical. These findings offer important theoretical foundations and technical support for the prediction and prevention of geohazards. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences stratified terrains geohazards interfacial flow contact resistance effect flow gradient self-developed testing system Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8286992","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":557594956,"identity":"2c3b11a6-1c81-43dd-9d2c-40fde5268a91","order_by":0,"name":"Jiahao Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiahao","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":557594958,"identity":"72127208-a9ba-4d6b-8eb6-a7907429a926","order_by":1,"name":"Minjie Wen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIie3RPQrCMBTA8VcKcXnSNUXQK0QKLl7BQ7QIdhKcnCOCk+AacfAM3uBJoFNxFnRQvIBuOvhVHRwTN8H8t8D7kUcC4HL9YKw0JH253asAVBwtSIBZcgDmR/YkVK0oepJEvi+1IGINjUoPWTof5AKOfQ3BTBrIRnYqimN3IHPhqZUGviUD2VLGUfDuEHLhl0caBI9NiyUjjrFIWUGuNiRUbT9CimMsiGdDno/s7aeS6gqy3nK8SpGvDYSVJkc6SarVlF7szv1mNVAG8onT6zPRdr5YUX4x7HK5XH/VAw1QRgVEibtPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Minjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Wen","suffix":""},{"id":557594960,"identity":"2313f6f8-c776-4871-abdb-7a8a9e8dbe2b","order_by":2,"name":"Qiang Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":557594962,"identity":"d172f811-43b4-4f49-ac47-f564a3ba17d5","order_by":3,"name":"Guoxiong Mei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guoxiong","middleName":"","lastName":"Mei","suffix":""},{"id":557594966,"identity":"346087f0-09fd-4b52-b314-5676758c0c28","order_by":4,"name":"Yi Tian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Tian","suffix":""},{"id":557594969,"identity":"2e61955f-d1bb-47ad-a65d-165c466499a9","order_by":5,"name":"Wenbing Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenbing","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":557594972,"identity":"f5d47305-4297-415f-9097-2ca79349cf5a","order_by":6,"name":"M. Hesham El Naggar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"Hesham El","lastName":"Naggar","suffix":""},{"id":557594975,"identity":"f652d426-c30a-48bd-8de8-e519f6542266","order_by":7,"name":"Lixing Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lixing","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-05 10:53:39","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8286992/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8286992/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97981780,"identity":"20602d74-8a40-47bd-9aa5-8fd60c3a6c4b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-11 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disasters","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"stratified terrains, geohazards, interfacial flow contact resistance effect, flow gradient, 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When pore water seeps slowly along irregular pore channels at the interfaces with significantly varying permeability, abrupt changes in pore water pressure can be induced by the interfacial flow contact resistance (IFCR) under laminar flow conditions-defined herein as the flow gradient. For the first time, this study reveals that IFCR between geological layers is a key inducing factor for multi-hazard susceptibility, fundamentally reshaping the theoretical framework of the traditional load-driven instability models. The flow contact resistance coefficient (FCRC) across layered geological interfaces was measured using a self-developed testing system. The corresponding abrupt variations in pore water pressure at these interfaces were thereby characterized, providing novel insights into the instability mechanisms of geological media under complex environmental conditions. Test results indicate that the FCRC increases significantly with the dry density (1.3\u0026ndash;1.45 g/cm\u0026sup3;) and sand content (0\u0026ndash;15%) of the geomaterials, but is insensitive to water injection pressure (40\u0026ndash;100 kPa). Furthermore, the study reveals that a certain degree of IFCR persists at the contact interface even when the physical properties of the upper and lower geological layers are essentially identical. 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