The novel palmitoylation modification learning reveals ZDHHC5 promotes the progression of bladder cancer through the immune microenvironment：Muti-omics analysis combine with machine learning

The novel palmitoylation modification learning reveals ZDHHC5 promotes the progression of bladder cancer through the immune microenvironment：Muti-omics analysis combine with machine learning | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The novel palmitoylation modification learning reveals ZDHHC5 promotes the progression of bladder cancer through the immune microenvironment：Muti-omics analysis combine with machine learning Zhongru Fan, Qianqian Yu, Yuanchen Lu, Lei He, Xianhua Shao, Junpeng Deng, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763417/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The high mortality and recurrence rates of bladder cancer may be closely related to the changes in cell membranes. Palmitic acylation, a modification that adds palmitic acid molecules to protein or lipid molecules, is usually used to regulate the membrane binding, stability of molecules or participate in the signal transduction process, which may play a key role in the onset and progression of bladder cancer. Through the analysis of gene differential expression between tumor patients and the healthy control group in the BLCA dataset, our analysis revealed a notable difference in the expression levels of several palmitoylation-related genes in bladder cancer. Further univariate COX analysis revealed palmitoylation genes associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer and screened for risk factors and protective factors. We developed a palmitoylation modification learning signature (PMLS) based on multiple machine learning techniques. The PMLS showcased powerful capability in BLCA patients prognosis and drug efficacy. We revealed two different palmitoylation patterns in bladder cancer through unsupervised cluster analysis, evaluated their survival prognosis, and further explored the relationship between these patterns and factors such as immune invasion, drug sensitivity, and mRNAsi. The drug sensitivity of patients in the C2 mode is relatively high. By constructing a prognostic assessment model and conducting verification, its potential in the prognostic assessment of bladder cancer was demonstrated. The identification of the hub gene further verified the key role of ZDHHC5 in bladder cancer, providing a new perspective for the research of palmitoylated genes in the field of bladder cancer and offering candidate target drug therapy target for the development of new therapies. Health sciences/Biomarkers Biological sciences/Cancer Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics Health sciences/Oncology Palmitoylation Machine learning Drug resistance Prognostic Assessment ZDHHC5 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7763417","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538775013,"identity":"03ee7215-d3bd-4bba-971a-977365371564","order_by":0,"name":"Zhongru Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhongru","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""},{"id":538775014,"identity":"4126504f-0e79-441b-a1f2-a8687ea00857","order_by":1,"name":"Qianqian Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The First Hospital 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Palmitic acylation, a modification that adds palmitic acid molecules to protein or lipid molecules, is usually used to regulate the membrane binding, stability of molecules or participate in the signal transduction process, which may play a key role in the onset and progression of bladder cancer. Through the analysis of gene differential expression between tumor patients and the healthy control group in the BLCA dataset, our analysis revealed a notable difference in the expression levels of several palmitoylation-related genes in bladder cancer. Further univariate COX analysis revealed palmitoylation genes associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer and screened for risk factors and protective factors. We developed a palmitoylation modification learning signature (PMLS) based on multiple machine learning techniques. The PMLS showcased powerful capability in BLCA patients prognosis and drug efficacy. We revealed two different palmitoylation patterns in bladder cancer through unsupervised cluster analysis, evaluated their survival prognosis, and further explored the relationship between these patterns and factors such as immune invasion, drug sensitivity, and mRNAsi. The drug sensitivity of patients in the C2 mode is relatively high. By constructing a prognostic assessment model and conducting verification, its potential in the prognostic assessment of bladder cancer was demonstrated. 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