Resilience Assessment and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Water Resources System in the Provinces along the Yellow River 

Resilience Assessment and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Water Resources System in the Provinces along the Yellow River | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Resilience Assessment and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Water Resources System in the Provinces along the Yellow River Fang Wan, Yuze Kang, Yu Wang, Weihao Wang, Hui Guo, Panpan Zhao, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7840044/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study focuses on the nine provinces along the Yellow River, and establishes a water resources system resilience evaluation framework consisting of 34 indicators based on a meteorology-hydrology-socioeconomy-ecology-engineering multidimensional system. By applying a TOPSIS for assessing water resources system resilience, that incorporates combination weighting approach based on game theory, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the water resources system resilience from 2009 to 2022.The resilience of water resources system in the provinces along the Yellow River exhibited an overall fluctuating upward trend. Since 2019, resilience levels generally increased, with the lowest values of 0.36 in 2009 and 2010, and the highest value of 0.59 in 2021. Some provinces, including Shanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai experienced significant fluctuations in resilience due to climate variability and the implementation of local policies, whereas regions such as Shaanxi and Shandong maintained relatively stable resilience levels. From 2009 to 2022, the resilience levels of water resources system in the provinces along the Yellow River were ranked in descending order: Sichuan > Henan > Shaanxi > Inner Mongolia > Qinghai > Shandong > Ningxia > Gansu > Shanxi. Sichuan and Henan achieved Level II (higher resilience), with the rest at Level III (moderate resilience) Biological sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology Water resources system resilience TOPSIS Model Spatiotemporal evolution Provinces along the Yellow River Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 17 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7840044","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":537245701,"identity":"14b462d7-ff08-4911-b785-166974836653","order_by":0,"name":"Fang Wan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wan","suffix":""},{"id":537245702,"identity":"ada9a8df-a86d-49d6-86bf-d48eebba8cf9","order_by":1,"name":"Yuze Kang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North China University of Water Resources and 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TOPSIS Model, Spatiotemporal evolution, Provinces along the Yellow River","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7840044/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7840044/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study focuses on the nine provinces along the Yellow River, and establishes a water resources system resilience evaluation framework consisting of 34 indicators based on a meteorology-hydrology-socioeconomy-ecology-engineering multidimensional system. By applying a TOPSIS for assessing water resources system resilience, that incorporates combination weighting approach based on game theory, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the water resources system resilience from 2009 to 2022.The resilience of water resources system in the provinces along the Yellow River exhibited an overall fluctuating upward trend. Since 2019, resilience levels generally increased, with the lowest values of 0.36 in 2009 and 2010, and the highest value of 0.59 in 2021. Some provinces, including Shanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai experienced significant fluctuations in resilience due to climate variability and the implementation of local policies, whereas regions such as Shaanxi and Shandong maintained relatively stable resilience levels. From 2009 to 2022, the resilience levels of water resources system in the provinces along the Yellow River were ranked in descending order: Sichuan\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Henan\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Shaanxi\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Inner Mongolia\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Qinghai\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Shandong\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Ningxia\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Gansu\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;Shanxi. Sichuan and Henan achieved Level II (higher resilience), with the rest at Level III (moderate resilience)\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Resilience Assessment and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Water Resources System in the Provinces along the Yellow River ","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-31 13:59:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7840044/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-30T04:58:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T01:25:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-28T01:49:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"275311471638813700751889366391735063831","date":"2025-10-22T00:53:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"17104485484003698650043331239520686292","date":"2025-10-21T01:35:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-21T01:20:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-17T15:00:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-15T01:57:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-15T01:56:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-10-12T10:23:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"615fc124-7cee-4fda-bfaa-3721b8b75393","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 31st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":57132903,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology"},{"id":57132904,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":57132905,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":57132906,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-29T16:07:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7840044","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31512-1","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-23 15:57:52","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 23rd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-31 13:59:34","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-31512-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31512-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7840044","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7840044","identity":"rs-7840044","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}