The Global Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma in Critical Care: Epidemiology, Prevention, Economics, and Outcomes

Maxillofacial trauma constitutes one of the significant public health issues globally owing to its multifactorial etiology, ramifications, and socioeconomic burden on the world of health care. This article systematically reviews maxillofacial injury epidemiology, prevention, economic effect, and complications. The cause of such injuries is varied with road traffic accidents, inter-personal violence, and occupational hazards being major contributors globally. In particular, prevention strategies, road safety, violence prevention, occupational safety regulations, are useful in the reduction of incidence and severity of such injuries. But implementing these measures has been challenging — especially in low- and middle-income countries where the disparities in health care are reflected in the outcomes. The financial burden is not limited to direct medical expenses, as it includes loss of productivity, ongoing rehabilitation, and psychotherapy. This review also discusses new trends in surgical management, novel technologies such as 3D printing, and the need for international collaboration to address differences in care delivery. Notably, the comprehensive nature of maxillofacial trauma identified in the present study points to an opportunity to enhance preventability, mitigate impact and ultimately alleviate global burden.