Compression of images with a mathematical approach based on sine and cosine equations and vector quantization (VQ)

Abstract Image compression is one of the most attractive and practical topics. Without image compression, the image size becomes too large for storage. The transmission of uncompressing images on computer networks slows down and network bandwidth is wasted. Various approaches to image compression have been proposed so far, one of which is vector quantization using mathematical concepts and image processing to compress images. The LBG algorithm is a practical algorithm for compressing images using vector quantization concepts. Most researchers have used meta-heuristic and optimization algorithms with a modeling approach of swarm behavior of living things to improve the quality of the LBG compression algorithm. This study uses a meta-heuristic method based on sine and cosine algorithms (SCA) to improve the quality of the image compression algorithm. In the proposed mathematical modeling method, the SCA algorithm is improved using spiral equations. The improved SCA algorithm is then used to find the optimal codebook in the LBG compression algorithm. Finding a better codebook in the proposed method will increase the quality of the compression images. The proposed method implemented in MATLAB software and experiments showed that the PSNR index in the proposed method improve the ratio of the LBG algorithm by about 13.73%. Evaluations show that the PSNR index of compressed images in the proposed method is higher and better than PBM, CS-LBG, FA-LBG, BA-LBG, HBMO-LBG, QPSO-LBG, PSO-LBG. The result shows the proposed method (or ISCA-LBG) has less time complexity than HHO and WOA compression algorithms.