Understanding the Socio-Economic Drivers of Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults: Evidence from Jambi Province

This study examines older adults' subjective well-being (SWB) in Jambi Province, Indonesia, and identifies the key socio-economic determinants influencing their well-being. Using a structured survey of 207 respondents aged 60 and above, SWB was measured through a 19-item instrument encompassing life satisfaction, emotional well-being, and sense of purpose. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that increasing age correlates with a decline in SWB while being female, having a higher level of education, maintaining an active role in the household, being married, and having a stable source of income contribute positively. Pensions or steady financial support can significantly enhance well-being, often even more than simply having a job. On the other hand, larger households may lead to lower well-being, likely because of the financial strain and caregiving demands they bring. Interestingly, older adults from the Malay and Bugis/Banjar ethnic groups tend to feel better than those from the Javanese/Sundanese groups. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening social security systems, lifelong learning programs, and community-based support to enhance the well-being of older adults.