IQAC maintains mediating role to ensure Graduates Employability Outcomes based on University-Industry collaboration: Evidence from Bangladesh

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Mohidul Islam, Md. Jafor Ali, Imrose Afrine, Mohammad Sahabuddin, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) in developing University Curriculum (UC) and Job Scholars Opportunities (JSO) on Graduate Employability Outcomes (GEO) regarding university industry collaborations (UIC) mechanism. This study adopted a quantitative approach where data was obtained from academician, experts and directors who are related with industry and university within the Bangladeshi UIC. A total of 305 questionnaires were administered to these professionals to provide information regarding the subject matter under scope. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine possible relationships among identified factors that were obtained from a review of extant literature. The final model revealed that GEO can be improved through UIC. The UIC whereas, as effective monitoring, reviewing and supervising role of IQAC that contribution to design quality UC and JSO relevance in the long run. To continuously enhance the graduate employability outcome of students before graduation, IQAC maintain quality standards in curriculum activities, scholar’s job opportunities that leads to become crucial graduate readiness outcomes. There have been several generalized statements as to which of the UIC activities contribute to graduate employability. The intervention effect both IQAC and TB on employability. Therefore, measurement model to test the validity and reliability of the instruments following the recommendations. Through the use of SEM using smart pls, it was possible to state precisely the UIC constructs that are statistically significant and contribute to graduate employability outcome. Educational Philosophy and Theory Graduate employability Pedagogy JSO University Curriculum UIC Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 1. Introduction Graduate Employability Outcomes (GEO) focuses on readiness of graduates that leads to place jobs perform, grow, and adapt in the labor market. GEO plays a crucial role to make suitable manpower for collaborating the function of a universities and industries. It impact both on generating creative ideas and collaboration that assist to increase a country's economic prosperity, business, government, and academia relationships. To increase the linkage between UIC should follow curriculum development and funding opportunities for new research base projects. Job scholarship opportunities (JSO) and curriculum development have enhanced the need for effective UIC. The UIC make up the gap between connectivity and productivity of deteriorated mission for prospect and successful collaboration. This divisional communication disorder can be resolved through JSO and curriculum development policy like student internships program, mutual collaborative team visits of UIC personnel (Alshehri et al. , 2016; Halász and Huang, 2025 ). Overall, IQAC is consistently associated with utmost graduate employability outcomes and somewhat improved innovative skill, especially when it emphasizes curriculum development, practical, research experiences, and job scholar’s opportunities loops (Mensah, 2022 ). However, IQAC contributes as one important role among broader institutional and competitive market factors. Whereas, an university is the best informative source of action to build businessmen, entrepreneurs, and dynamic leaders in the future by uncovering an ever-expanding new cognitive knowledge base and innovative ideas (Halász & Huang, 2025 ). Thus, IQACs in Bangladesh are explicitly mandated to produce high employability graduates skilled through outcome‑based curricula, OBE‑aligned assessment and updated content of curriculum (Ferdous, 2024 ). The main concerning issues of GEO include weak industry collaboration, outdated curriculum, limited career guidance and weak quality assurance cell in dynamic competitive job market. Addressing these problem need stronger UIC, updated activities of curricula, and effective IQAC. Most of the industries and universities in the south Asia region, particularly in Bangladesh have been suffering serious challenges to produce contemporary graduate employability outcomes in the competitive world at globally. Behind of the problem, IQAC and its weak industry based supervision on UC and JSO is considered as the main causes to UIC. Singh, (2019) mentioned in his study, the elements of UIC such as UC policy, JSO, TB are another obstacle to create employability that influence on the economy growth of a country. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the UIC links in the relationships of IQAC and its role to create GEO. The establishment of IQAC by accredited institutions (after the first cycle) is a major step in pushing long-term quality standards. IQAC in any institution is a significant administrative body that is responsible for all quality matters (Thakur, 2026 ). It is the prime responsibility of IQAC to initiate, plan and supervise various curriculum activities that are necessary to increase the quality of the education imparted in an institution or University. The role of IQAC in maintaining quality standards in teaching, learning and evaluation becomes crucial, and the present research is therefore undertaken on a smaller scale to determine the exact status and functioning of IQAC and its outcomes (Sawant, 2016 ). In previous study by Singh, ( 2023 ) examined the enhanced the understanding factors promoting policy, shared governance, and trust formation mediating, while behavior as moderating influence on outcomes. Similarly, others study by Bstieler et el., (2015) examined the IP policy, shared governance, and trust formation mediating, while champion behavior as moderating influence on outcomes. Sabu, ( 2020 ) mentioned that IQAC is internal mechanism, JSO and curriculum activities on UIC are crucial to creates new windows of job market. This crucial phenomena is a notable gap in understanding the impact of IQAC, TB and GEO relationship. There is strong and consistent evidence that university IQAC policies, especially when integrated with active UIC policy, positively influence GEO (Martin, 2018 ). This relationship is strengthened by ideal teacher’s involvement in quality assurance and university policy development. Teacher punctuality especially his/her attitude that ensure to force be motivated between IQAC and enhance GEO. There is strong and consistent evidence that university policy, sharing governance, teacher’s behavior through collaborative frameworks of IQAC, and stakeholder engagement positively influences GEO (Islam et al., 2023 ). Current study consistently shows that teacher behavior plays a significant moderating role between IQAC and GEO, especially to be creates graduate employability readiness in UIC contexts. 2. Theoretical foundation and hypotheses development Human Capital theory is one kind of human development tools that is employed to improve skill, knowledge and technical particulars of an employee (Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). As theoretical foundation the study focus on Human Capital Theory (HCT) and Total Quality Management (TQM) theory (Dale et el,.2001) integrated in higher education institutions. To enhance graduate employability, requirement the continuous improvement of academic curriculum and JSO of an institutional processes. HCT addressed that proper investments in training, education and professional development enhance individuals’ connectivity, productivity and employability. Meanwhile, TQM emphasizes continuous improvement, stakeholder participation, and IQAC in organizational systems. In universities, the IQAC integrates these standards by ensuring quality in curriculum design, motivating job opportunities for scholars, and enhancing teacher behavior. In sense of IQAC mechanisms that strengthens UIC and facilitates the development of competencies required in the job market, ultimately improving GEO (Becker, 1964). According to Flanders, ( 1970 ) mentioned the professional attitudes, instructional strategies, and classroom practices have a direct and profound influence on students’ learning outcomes and skill development. Biggs & Tang, ( 2011 ) argued IQAC initiatives are designed to align educational programs with job market needs and foster employable graduates in diverse professional environments. On the others hand the theory of teacher behavior demonstrates that instructors are not only policy implementers but also actively contribute to quality control and graduate employability. 2. 1 University Curriculum and IQAC. IQAC does not directly participate to designed the university curriculum (Ferdous,2024), the curriculum is prepared by the Academic Council, departmental experts bodies, while IQAC plays a supportive role by monitoring, reviewing and ensuring its quality as well as relevance to graduate employability outcome according to accreditation standards. IQAC’s role includes developing quality benchmarks and guiding academic units for reviewing existing improvement (Awal, 2023 ). In this study, the stakeholders is indicated as UIC and government connectivity that support to HCT model theory (Auerbach & Green, 2025 ). According to Mensah, ( 2022 ) mentioned in his study, the university’s objectives is part and parcel of UIC policies that prioritize a quality and clear institutional commitment, resources, and framework. Curriculum development is a continuous updated process that includes the improvement, development, and redesign of cognitive learning to meet the desired needs of UIC. Putri and Abdullah, ( 2024 ) suggested that curriculum development is not only limited to changes but also a broader transformation of textbooks, course content even the entire educational system. It also emphases on reshaping thinking how and what students learn, the methods of instruction, and the assessment processes. According Khan, ( 2024 ) curriculum development aims to transforming relevance by determining cognitive dissonance aligns with real-world needs, including knowledge of innovative, skills and demanded by the competitive market. It also aims at enhancing engagement by creating learning experiences that are stimulating, interactive, and student-centered, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Putri & Abdullah, ( 2024 ) argued that curriculum innovation seeks to encourage critical thinking by developing learners' abilities to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information, preparing them for problem-solving in diverse contexts. Ferdous, ( 2024 ) argued the role of IQACs which are essential for continuous improvement in academic learning and teaching. Similarly, Mensah, ( 2022 ) mentioned about the policies also foster a culture of quality by formalizing procedures and clarifying responsibilities to ensure accountability at all institutional levels. In Bangladesh, strong government and university policies enabled to give the facilities of IQACs. To guide the shift to from intellectual transfer to technology transfer to online education directly improving educational quality (Reddy, et al., 2019 ). In previous study by Mensah, ( 2022 ) argued that policy and IQAC systems led to better supporting to the stakeholder engagement, and more effective monitoring of academic performance. Even, IQACs are more successful in implementing quality curriculum development management strategies and faculty training that leads to measurable improvements in institutional quality. Thus, according to Human Capital Theory, the university curriculum design is employed for building student’s confidence that leads to productivity and career success (Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). From the above statement following hypothesis: H 1 . University Curriculum positively impacts IQAC. 2.2 JSO and IQAC IQAC indirectly contributes job or scholarship opportunities (ferdous, 2024 ). It take parts to facilitates and monitors quality assurance for supporting graduates employability motivation, while actual scholarships and job opportunities are administered and designed by respective parties of university internal and external stakeholders. Scholarship and Job facilities are designed by administered or university financial aid units, academic departments or external funding bodies, while IQAC plays only quality-assurance and a supporting role only (Awal, 2023 ). JSO is funding facilities for student’s constructive knowledge sharing. It is an attempt to Job opportunities for graduates (Aliu & Aigbavboa 2021 ). The graduates effectively depends on collaboration and team work proceeds can also be maintained through proper coordinating object and skills between UIC partners (Dwyer et al,. 2023). In collaboration process, JSO motivate enormously to increase GEO. Similarly, R&D indicates innovative based activities to GEO. Infrastructural development, training facilities and student placement is the themes of generating news ideas of Knowledge (Aliu & Aigbavboa 2021 ). Singh, ( 2023 ) found that the confidential as well as burning issues of JSO is IQAC activities are essential for effective work-based teaching, learning and aligning educational outcomes with industry needs. It also argued by Ferdus, (2024) JSO fosters collaboration between university and industry partners, which is directly linked to improved cognitive knowledge transfer, innovation, and positive collaboration outcomes. Arranz et al., ( 2022 ) demonstrated that the breadth and depth of collaboration facilitated by JSO that is build congenial role to IQAC and increase employer satisfaction with graduates’ skills and competencies. Strong ties and diverse collaboration mechanisms between universities and industries are empirically represent to facilitate for IQAC. Effective JSO includes free fair view of facilities are invested to building up graduates learning and knowledge capabilities to be graduate outcomes (Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). From the above statement following hypothesis: H 2 . Job Scholars Opportunities positively impacts IQAC. 2.3 IQAC Policy and GEO The IQAC is an internal administrator body to maintain quality standards in the whole process of teaching, learning and evaluation (Makandar, 2022 ). IQAC mechanisms are associated with improved graduate employability outcomes, though its effective roles and policy. These policies include updates curriculum, regular review and alignment with champion policy which enhance graduates’ readiness for employment. (Boateng et al, .2023) argued in the context of the effective university–industry activities that provides curriculum updates and practical training facilities that is supported by IQAC. IQAC and its activities are directly motivated to improve graduates’ employability by ensuring that educational programs meet current industry requirements (Noureen et al,. 2024). On the others hand, GEO indicates as like open day program, cultural festival and innovation idea exposure for students. IQAC motivates to conduct the program in the context of industry–academia collaboration impact of quality management systems on employability (Makandar, 2022 ). Boateng et al., ( 2023 ) also found that the scholarship for stipend, research and publication impact on GEO. In support of this area, previous study conducted by Channahon, (2024) argued that teamwork, quality improvement mission approach and curriculum have positive association between qualities of higher education. However, IQAC directly or indirectly are related with GEO into institutional practices. Within the HCT and TQM theory, IQAC’s continuous monitoring the UIC activities that gradually grow employability strategies (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). From the above statement following hypothesis: H 3 . IQAC positively impacts graduate employability outcomes. 2.4. IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and GEO IQACs is integrated process to operate university policies and its activities by embedding quality assurance practices like curriculum updating, issues of industry alignment, and skills adjustment into academic programs (Makandar, 2022 ). To ensure the policy and its related quality assurance processes that is supervised by IQACs, such as enhancing the educational process, integrating research activities and collaborative issues. (Gora et al., 2019 ) mentioned IQAC according to university policy have a direct positive effect on graduates’ employability. However, university policy and employability is often fully mediated by the competencies and skills developed through quality assurance mechanisms, rather than by policy alone (Kayyali, 2024 ). Integrating employability outcomes into the quality assurance roadmap through dedicated units, stakeholder engagement, and employment-focused support services further strengthens linkage between policy and employability (Gora et al., 2019 and Kayyali, 2024 ). This indirect connection ensures that policy intentions are effectively forced into educational practices that directly impact graduates’ employability skills (Gora et al., 2019 ). According to Gora et al., ( 2019 ) founded in the studies at Nigeria and the Philippines that robust internal quality assurance practices, including regular curriculum reviews and labor market assessments, significantly improve graduates’ employability skills and job readiness (Gora et al., 2019 and Kayyali, 2024 ). HCT and TQM Model positions IQAC as a critical intermediary that facilitates the connection between academic curriculum and industrial expectations which lead to enhanced employability outcomes (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). The direct and indirect relation among IQAC, university policy and graduate employability outcomes propose the hypothesis: H 4 . IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and graduate employability outcomes. 2.5. IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and GEO Simard et al., ( 2024 ) and Hasan et al., ( 2024 ). IQACs attempt to manage these collaborative decisions by embedding quality assurance practices (such as curriculum review, stakeholder feedback, and industry alignment) into academic programs, which are crucial for developing employability skills Simard et al., ( 2024 ). GEO is the process of UIC feedback procedure that ensure Quality education. Internal quality assurance Cell (IQAC) looks universities’ internal insight such as evaluation, curriculum validation and job market assessments. The assessments significantly enhance graduates’ employability skills and employment outcomes. These practices ensure that educational programs are aligned with job market needs, thereby increasing the effectiveness of job and scholarship opportunities in leading to favorable graduate employment outcomes (Kayyali, 2024 ). As a result, high levels of IQAC practices contribute significantly to the employability skills of graduates, which in turn improve their chances of securing employment. IQAC elements engagement with job opportunities trends help translate job and scholarship opportunities into tangible employment benefits for graduates. Gora et al,. (2019) mentioned IQAC not only directly improves employability skills but also intervention the relationship between JSO and employment outcomes. Mediating analyses confirm that IQAC mediate both employability, and JSO market assessments being particularly job opportunity markets. The present studies show that quality assurance processes indirectly enhance students’ competencies and employability. Internal Quality Assurance (IQAC) acting as a significant mediator between job scholarship opportunities (JSO) and graduate employment outcomes (GEO). Moreover, grounded in the HCT and TQM, IQAC bridges JSO and GEO which enables the conversion of opportunity structures to graduate employment success (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). H 5 . IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and graduate employability outcomes. 2.6 Teacher Behavior moderate the relationship on IQAC and GEO. Teachers’ occupational commitment is a novelty exercise that impress on an individual’s behavior. The individual’s behaviors is the parts of human’s attitude that is influenced by professional practice, custom and standards. According to Thakur, ( 2026 ) argued that IQAC is an internal cell that is supervised and justified institutional collaboration procedure. The job involvement are strong predictors of effective industry–university cooperation, which is essential for developing employability skills through real-world experiences Gerardo Petruzziello et al,. (2022). On the others hand, teachers who engage in active, collaborative, and work-based education to build student’s career and better understand workplace requirements. This teacher’s collaboration that boost their confidence in job-seeking, directly impacting employability Franco et al., 2025 ). The IQAC practices a set of framework for quality and employability, the actual impact on students is significantly shaped by teacher’s havitual impress in daily academic and industry-linked activities Gerardo Petruzziello et al,. (2022) and Franco et al., 2025 ). Even, teacher Behavior plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between IQAC initiatives and graduates’ employability outcomes within the framework of university–industry collaboration. However, the effectiveness of IQAC initiatives in improving graduate employability outcomes largely depends on how teachers interpret, implement, and support these quality standards in their teaching. Here, the Theory of Teacher Behavior plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between IQAC and graduate employability outcomes. When teachers display positive behaviors—such as adopting innovative pedagogy, maintaining strong industry linkages, encouraging problem-solving and teamwork, and providing mentorship—the influence of IQAC initiatives on employability outcomes becomes stronger. Conversely, when teacher behavior is passive, resistant to change, or lacks industry relevance, the impact of IQAC efforts may be diminished (Noureen et al,. 2024). In the context of university–industry collaboration, teachers act as the key link between academic institutions and the professional world. Their behavior determines how effectively students gain practical exposure, industry-oriented skills, and employability attributes such as communication, adaptability, and professionalism (Ferdus, 2024). Therefore, integrating HCT and TQM theory provides a strong theoretical background for determining Teacher Behavior strengthens on the relationship between IQAC and GEO. Fairly teacher engagement maintain that quality assurance practices are translated into meaningful knowledge experiences that enhance graduates’ skills and employability in the dynamic job market. Such teacher engagement in UIC cooperation further strengthens these outcomes (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, 1994 ; Strober, 1990 ; Schultz, 1961 ). Hence the proposed hypothesis: H 6 .Teacher Behavior plays significant role as moderating effect between IQAC and graduate’s employability outcome of university–industry collaboration. 3. Methodology 3.1. Sample and data collection The study is conducted among top seven universities determined by disclosure of the “UGC” permanent certified private university in Bangladesh. This unique identification code of questionnaires was used in subsequent surveys to the department of Business administration’s student. The online survey was designed in such a way that it did not allow the participants to move backward while completing the survey; this prevented employees from changing the answers they gave initially. The data is filtered through targeted respondent while 309 valid responded of 350. Additionally, participants who given to respond were excluded following the recommendations of Wise & Kong, ( 2005 ). Further, the results of the t-test for demographic variables showed that there was no significant difference between participants who completed all the surveys and those who did not, indicating non-response bias was not a problem in this study (Armstrong & Overton, 1977 ). 3.2. Measures All measures were rated on a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). University Policy: To measure UC, the authors adapted five-items from Singh ( 2023 ), IQAC to the UIC system. A sample item includes: “Role of IQAC and UIC allocate sufficient resources to implement UIC projects.” UC was assessed as a first-order reflective construct. Job Scholars Opportunities: JSO was measured using three dimensions, namely, “JSO” (five items), “IQAC” (nine items), and “GEO” (seven items). These items were adapted from Aliu and Aigbavboa, ( 2021 ). TB was assessed as a reflective of moderating effect construct, namely “teacher attitudes and behavior to UIC” (five items). These items were adapted from Bstieler et el., (2015) and Singh, ( 2023 ). The sample items included: UIC. 3.3. Data analysis To analyze the research data, the study conducted PLS-SEM using Smart_PLS software version 4.0. (Ringle et al., 2015 ) mentioned that the prediction-oriented complex model (mediating and moderating constructs with reflective and formative indicators) is suitable to examine under PLS-SEM using Smart_PLS. Additionally, it allows the capability to simultaneously deal with multiple dependency relationships represented with unobservable concepts with statistical efficiency (Hair et al., 2019 ). To measure mediating and moderating, bootstrapping method was employed to determine the significance levels of the loadings and path coefficients. 4. Results 4.1. Common method bias Common method bias is concerning issue in cross-sectional research (Jakobsen and Jensen, 2015 ; Podsakoff et al., 2012 ). According to Harman, ( 1967 ) mentioned as Harman single-factor test that was conducted to examine about the common method bias and it’s concerning issues. The current study is not fallen under such bias. The results of current study showed that none of the factors represented a variance of more than 50%, meaning that validating of common method bias was not a concern for this study. In addition, only a 1% change in R2 of VGB was observed, high lighting that common method variance was not a concern for the current study. Therefore, the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for all the variables did not exceed 2.25, indicating no issue of multicollinearity (García et al., 2022 ). 4.2. Assessment of measurement model 4.2.1. Profile of Respondents The profile of respondents demonstrated that 60% of participants were male and 40% were female. The most of them (37%) were aged between 20–40 years. In level of educational qualification, 62% held a master’s degree, while more that 15–30% had directors to manager. Regarding working experience 12% had more than 10 years of experience in the expert level. This indicates that the respondent’s quality sufficient professional knowledge relevant to UIC practices. Table 1 Shows the sample demographics Data Level Categories Count % Gender Male 240 60 Female 161 40 Education MBA 100 25 MA 250 62 Others 51 13 Ages 20–29 150 37 30–39 120 30 40–49 100 25 50–59 31 8 Occupation Directors level 60 15 Manager 90 22 Executive Level 110 27 Officer Level 120 30 Others 21 5 Years of experience in current profession Less than 2 years 170 42 2–5 years 150 37 6 − 10 years 50 12 More than 10 years 20 5 Others 11 3 4.2.2 Descriptive Statistics Table 2 demonstrate the descriptive statistics of variables in the study. The mean value of GEO is 0.184, with a standard deviation of 0.072, indicating moderate variability among UIC. IQAC demonstrate a mean score of 3.72, suggesting a relatively high level of IQAC across the sampled institutions. JSO has a mean 4.3%, while standard deviation was 0.01. Regarding the TB and UP the mean and standard deviation value was 0.150 and 0.288. The acceptable thresholds of Skewness and kurtosis values fall within (± 1 for Skewness and ± 3 for kurtosis), ensure the normal distribution data set. Table 2 Shows the descriptive statistics GEO Mean min max STD kurtosis Skewness Obs. T test p value 0.225 -3.551 1.853 1.000 0.474 -0.467 401 2.295 0.000 IQAC 0.258 -3.888 1.925 1.000 1.299 -0.604 401 1.202 0.000 JSO 0.334 -4.297 1.877 1.000 1.563 -0.636 401 1.225 0.000 TB 0.150 -3.425 1.801 1.000 0.648 -0.429 401 0.939 0.000 UP 0.288 -3.332 1.865 1.000 0.715 -0.527 401 1.157 0.000 4.2.3. Discriminant validity Table 3 shows The “Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of the correlations (HTMT)” argued by the threshold criteria of less than 0.90 (Hair et al., 2019 ), indicating discriminant validity. Discriminant validity of the study is tolerable as well and measurable to conduct the data. Empirically the data is relevant with previous studied. 4.2.4. Psychometric properties Table 4 shows that Cronbach’s alpha values were greater than 0.50, and average variance extracted values met the threshold value (AVE = 0.50). Further, composite reliability (CR) was higher than 0.70. Thus, convergent validity and internal consistency reliability were achieved for the present study (Bagozzi et al., 1991 ; Hair et al., 2021). Empirically the data is relevant with previous studied. Table 3 Construct reliability and validity GEO Cronbach's alpha Composite reliability (rho_a) Composite reliability (rho_c) Average variance extracted (AVE) 0.647 0.696 0.803 0.579 IQAC 0.895 0.896 0.915 0.544 JO 0.786 0.789 0.861 0.609 TB 0.858 0.866 0.894 0.584 UP 0.848 0.849 0.888 0.569 4.2.5. Indicator Reliability (Outer Loadings) and VIF Table 4 shows the outer loading and Variance Influence Factor (VIF). Outer Loadings and VIF both are data measurement indicator. To check the reliability and validity of data such test is measured in a study. Hair et al. (2022), and Henseler et al. ( 2009 ) mentioned that outer loadings (indicator reliability) corresponding the items with latent variable. The threshold value is more than 0.708. In contrary the acceptable range is 0.40 to 0.70. Similarly, Hair et al. ( 2019 ) and Bagozzi & Yi (1991) argued that above 0.70 and from 0.60 to 0.70 is acceptable in term of exploratory research. According to above statement, the data of current study is suitable for measurement. In sense of VIF, the acceptance range for VIF is VIF < 5 (Ideal: < 3.3) and more than its range is considered as for redundancy among indicators by Hair et al. ( 2019 ). Table 4 Factor outer loading and VIF Items GEO IQAC JO TB UP VIF GEO1 0.841 1.262 GEO2 0.776 1.326 GEO3 0.654 1.227 IQAC1 0.695 1.723 IQAC2 0.766 1.961 IQAC3 0.776 2.046 IQAC4 0.720 1.784 IQAC5 0.741 1.865 IQAC6 0.718 1.866 IQAC7 0.775 2.139 IQAC8 0.744 1.910 IQAC9 0.697 1.733 JO1 0.737 1.599 JO3 0.851 2.254 JO4 0.807 1.891 JO6 0.720 1.248 TB1 0.707 1.521 TB2 0.774 1.889 TB3 0.781 1.895 TB4 0.751 1.751 TB5 0.757 1.677 TB6 0.812 1.888 UP1 0.764 1.908 UP2 0.805 2.126 UP3 0.722 1.520 UP4 0.745 1.682 UP5 0.751 1.697 UP6 0.735 1.605 4.2.6 Discriminant validity Matrix Tables 5 and 6 shows discriminant validity Matrix. Discriminant validity that ensures the direction of latent construct is effectively distinct from other constructs in the model. It is a key concept in construct validation whereas, the research confirms that indicators of one construct do not measure another. Discriminant validity shows Table 5 , and another is Fornell-Larcker Criterion score , in Table 6 . The tools assesses the discriminant validity by using correlations matrix format. According to Henseler, Ringle, & Sarstedt ( 2015 ) argued that the HTMT < 0.90 (Liberal), < 0.85 (Conservative). As per statement current study is optimum to conduct the research. The Table 5 shows fit summary of model fit that is needed assessment. According to Hair et al,. (2022) argued that overall acceptance fit for (SRMR 0.90). In addition, the d_ULS and d_G value also relevant to conduct the data in the study. Table 5 Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) – Matrix GEO GEO IQAC JO TB UP TB x IQAC IQAC 0.845 JO 0.789 0.833 TB 0.852 0.867 0.791 UP 0.764 0.776 0.888 0.702 TB x IQAC 0.135 0.178 0.133 0.196 0.124 Table 6 Fornell-Larcker criterion GEO GEO IQAC JO TB UP 0.761 IQAC 0.661 0.738 JO 0.582 0.713 0.781 TB 0.684 0.759 0.654 0.764 UP 0.582 0.678 0.719 0.597 0.754 Table 7 Model fit of Fit Summary SRMR Saturated model Estimated model 0.065 0.084 d_ULS 1.696 2.849 d_G 0.610 0.686 Chi-square 1300.949 1379.858 NFI 0.789 0.776 4.2.7 Coefficient of determination The coefficient of determination R2 values for the dependent variables and its prior determinant clarified power of the variables and analysis the variance by independent variables that are linked with it (Hair et al., 2019 ). For example, the R2 value of 0.522 for GEO demonstrated that graduate employee thriving at opportunities accounted for 52.2% variance. Similarly, 56.40% of the variance in thriving at work was explained by green crafting (R2 = 0.40), and 40% of the variance in IQAC with GEO practices (R2 = 0.5640). Table 8 Demonstrate value of R -square and R-square adjusted GEO R-square R-square adjusted 0.522 0.519 IQAC 0.564 0.562 4.3. Structural model assessment The structural model was examined to measure the intervention effect of the model and examine the research hypotheses. The 5000 resamples is carried out on bootstrapping process (Bagozzi et al., 1991 ; Hair et al., 2022). Figure 2 depicts the structural model. 4.3.1. Mediation effects Table 8 shows the mediating effect of indirect association of IQAC between JO and GEO (β = 0.159, p = 0.00). Similarly, the mediation of IQAC between UP and GEO also received support (β = 0.117, p = 0.02). Furthermore, IQAC at work positively as well as significantly mediated the relationship. Table 9 Show specific indirect (mediating) effects Hypothesis Beta SE STDEV T value P values JO -> IQAC -> GEO 0.159 0.159 0.037 4.362 0.000 UP -> IQAC -> GEO 0.117 0.120 0.038 3.082 0.002 4.3.2. Direct and Moderation effect The moderating effect is conducted by bootstrap technique and carried out the impact of the indicating that the two predictors between IQAC -> GEO (β = 0.341, p IQAC and UP -> IQAC. The value of the effect (β = 0.467, p < 0.000) and (β = 0.342, p GEO) practices on the relationship between IQAC and GEO at work received support. Thus, hypothesis 5 was supported (β = 0.055, p = 0.0510). To corroborate this finding, Fig. 1 shows strengthening the association of TB on IQAC and GEO at work under high GEO readiness. The confidence intervals bias-corrected 95% also did not show any intervals straddling a zero, thus the results of confidence level are summarized in Table 10 . Table 10 Represents the results of the moderation effects. IQAC -> GEO Beta SE STDEV T P values 0.341 0.343 0.071 4.836 0.000 JO -> IQAC 0.467 0.465 0.058 8.007 0.000 TB -> GEO 0.441 0.441 0.070 6.333 0.000 UP -> IQAC 0.342 0.347 0.072 4.732 0.000 TB x IQAC -> GEO 0.055 0.053 0.028 1.952 0.051 Table 11 Demonstrate the confidence intervals IQAC -> GEO Beta value SE 2.5% 97.5% 0.341 0.343 0.206 0.485 JO -> IQAC 0.467 0.465 0.351 0.577 TB -> GEO 0.342 0.441 0.295 0.570 UP -> IQAC 0.342 0.347 0.204 0.485 TB x IQAC -> GEO 0.055 0.053 -0.003 0.106 Table 12 Direct, Indirect and Moderating effect Relationship Beta SE T P Result IQAC -> GEO 0.341 0.343 4.836 0.000 Accept JO -> IQAC 0.467 0.465 8.007 0.000 Accept TB -> GEO 0.441 0.441 6.333 0.000 Accept UP -> IQAC 0.342 0.347 4.732 0.000 Accept JO -> IQAC -> GEO 0.159 0.159 4.362 0.000 Accept UP -> IQAC -> GEO 0.117 0.120 3.082 0.002 Accept TB x IQAC -> GEO 0.055 0.053 1.952 0.051 NS Note. IQAC = Internal Quality Assurance Cell, JO = Job Opportunities, TB = Teacher Behavior UP = University Policy, GEO = Graduate Employee Outcome The Fig. 2 shows horizontal axis IQAC and vertical axis GEO. The three color line gradually proceeds separately that indicated, there are impactful relationship. Teacher Behavior moderately modify the relationship on IQAC and GEO, indicating that quality assurance motivates to produce stronger employability benefits when supported by positive teacher behavior. Moderating effect of TB on the relationship between IQAC and GEO. Graphical slope analysis further indicates that at higher levels of positive teacher behavior on the relationship between IQAC effectiveness and graduate employability becomes steeper, demonstrating an enhanced impact. At lower levels of teacher engagement, the relationship weakens, highlighting the critical human element in quality assurance systems. 5. Discussion The proposed model was tested using the two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing ( 1988 ). First, the study assessed the measurement model to test the validity and reliability of the instruments following the recommendations by Hair et al. ( 2019 ). Second, the structural model was examined to test the proposed hypotheses. For the measurement model, the loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), and the composite reliability (CR) were assessed. The loadings for all reflective items exceeded the threshold value of 0.7 (except 0.654, 0.695 and 0.697), the AVE is above the 0.70 threshold, and the CR was above 0.7 (Hair et al., 2019 ). Since the study all are first order constructs, the validity and reliability were also valid and reliable. The factor weights were examined to validate the formative measures. Table 2 shown the formative indicators significantly contribute to their respective constructs as they are significant at p < 0.05 (Chin, 1998 ). We then assessed the multicollinearity, and the results indicated that the variance inflation factor (VIF) was less than 5 (Hair et al., 2019 ). The establishment of IQAC is a major step in pushing long-term quality standards. IQAC in any institution is a significant administrative body that is responsible for all quality academic matters. It is the top prime responsibility of IQAC to initiate, plan and supervise various policies that are necessary to bust-up the quality of the education imparted in an institution or university. The role of IQAC is to maintain the quality standards in UC, JSO and evaluation process. Therefore, the present research is undertaken on a smaller rank to determine the exact status and role of IQAC and its performance. H1 University Curriculum positively impacts on IQAC. The findings of this study indicate that the university curriculum policy is a significant and positively impact on IQAC. This result leads to aligns with quality assurance and well-structured in outcome-based curriculum design that strengthens IQAC performance. The positive and significant result also suggests that curriculum alignment through integration of e-learning tools, research tools, UIC, and outcomes -based education. To enhances IQAC’s performance for maintaining academic standards, an institution offers convenient curriculum and stakeholder (faculty, industry experts, alumni, and students), IQAC ensure its development more participatory with evidence-based. Theoretically, this relationship can be examining through TQM principles, where curriculum acts as an internal factor. IQAC functions as a review, monitoring and control mechanism that leads to improve academic performance and employability. This finding revealed consistent with prior studies from Aliu & Aigbavboa, ( 2021 ). H2. Job Scholars Opportunities positively impacts on IQAC. This relationship demonstrates the strategically importance of employability and financial strategic support as critical indicators of institutional quality assurance performance. In perspective of a quality assurance, graduate employability and access to scholarships serve as desired outcomes of academic excellence and institutional credibility. In sense of higher scholarship facilities and job placement rates, that encourage to strong governance. IQAC is the part and parcel of internal governance can plays enormous processes to be more outcome-oriented mechanism (Singh, 2024). H3. IQAC positively impacts on graduate employability outcomes. The IQAC that offering robust career services, industry collaboration, and merit-based financial assistance that enabling academic ecosystem. Such an ecosystem strengthens IQAC’s monitoring and evaluation capacity by providing reliable data related to graduate success, progression rates, and academic outcomes. In this way, enhances internal governance mechanisms, accreditation readiness, and strategic planning. Theoretically, this finding aligns with Human Capital Theory, which posits that educational institutions enhance individual productivity and economic value through knowledge and skill development (Bstieler, et al., 2015 ). H4. IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and graduate employability outcomes. The results of this study empirically relevant while IQAC significantly mediates the relationship between university curriculum and graduate employability outcomes. According to Thakur, ( 2026 ) argued curriculum design is not only sufficiently to enhance employability, but also needed it’s effectively evaluated, monitored, and continuously improved through IQAC mechanisms. Theoretically, HCT effect on structural input of knowledge and competencies. IQAC operates as governance mechanism to the process-oriented that ensures alignment between curricular policy and current job market demands. Empirically, the direct effect of curriculum on employability becomes stronger and more statistically meaningful when IQAC is introduced as a mediator on the model specification. H5. IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and graduate employability outcomes. JSO directly contribute to enhancing students’ career prospects on employability outcomes through structured quality assurance processes embedded within the institution. Conceptually, JSO represent institutional support mechanisms that enhance students’ exposure to job markets, professional networks, and financial stability. However, without systematic monitoring, evaluation, and alignment with academic objectives, these opportunities may remain fragmented or underutilized. IQAC serves as the internal governance and quality enhancement framework that integrates JSO into the broader academic strategy, ensuring coherence between academic programs, and stakeholder expectations career services. H6. Teacher Behavior plays significant role as moderating effect on IQAC and graduate’s employability outcome of UIC. The findings of this study demonstrate that teacher behavior plays a statistically significant, particularly, the strength and direction of the association between IQAC effectiveness and employability outcomes depending on the quality of teacher behavior, indicating a conditional interaction effect. The moderating effect suggests that teacher behavior manifested through pedagogical commitment, industry engagement, mentoring practices, responsiveness to feedback, and innovative teaching strategies. In institutions where teachers actively align classroom delivery with industry expectations, IQAC-driven reforms translate more efficiently into graduate competencies and graduate’s readiness. From a theoretical view this interaction can be explained through TQM. 5.1 Theoretical Implications IQAC acts as the internal governance mechanism of an educational institutions ensuring that academic processes, quality benchmarks and institutional standards. It also leads to enhance economic value and individual productivity through knowledge and skill development. () argued IQAC operates as the process-oriented governance mechanism and framework that ensures alignment between curricular activities and job related scholarship opportunities in the competitive market demands. As a theoretical standpoint, the study interaction through HCT and TQM framework. In this framework HCT and TQM are interconnected, whereas, employability outcomes emerge as the final output of a systematically monitored and quality-assured academic process. The JSO provides opportunities for skill development and academic advancement, while the university curriculum represents the structural input of knowledge, skills and competencies values designs to achieve specific educational outcomes. In sense of JSO, represent simultaneously TQM posits that systematic monitoring and continuous feedback loops to improve organizational outputs in this case, graduate employability leads to continuously improvement in the fie of UIC. 5.2 Practical Implication The University Grants Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh is an autonomous institution to guide outcome base education and its outcomes to the Bangladeshi higher educational institutions. According to guidance of UGC, IQAC units are mandated to conduct structured monitoring activities like Self-Assessment Reports (SARs) and continuous quality improvement mechanism. These structured monitoring activities enable to identify institution’s gaps between intended learning outcomes and employer expectations, thereby refining dynamic curriculum implementation key performance indicators (KPIs). As KPIs such as academic audits, stakeholder consultations, outcome-based evaluation, graduate employment rates, internship outcomes, and scholarship achievements are often incorporated. Therefore, IQAC acts as a structured accountability mechanism that strengthens the JSO and academic curriculum on competitive global market outcomes. Therefore, a well-functioning IQAC strengthens institutional accountability and promotes a results-oriented academic culture. 6. Conclusion, limitations, and direction for future research This study measured the role of the IQAC in ensuring quality standards in curriculum activities design, scholars’ job opportunities, and teacher behavior in developing strong UIC relationships in higher education institutions in Bangladesh. The quantitative findings reveal that IQAC plays a significant role in maintain academic quality and improving GEO. The results indicate that effective IQAC practices contribute positively to the development of industry-based curriculum activities design, which helps align academic programs with job market demands. By regularly monitoring and evaluating curriculum quality, IQAC ensures that universities incorporate practical knowledge, technological advancement, and industry requirements into their academic infrastructures. This alignment enhances students’ capabilities and prepares readiness them to meet the expectations of employers. Furthermore, the findings reveal that IQAC initiatives direct and indirect significantly improve scholars’ job opportunities and GEO by promoting collaborations, internship opportunities, career counseling, and skill development with industry partners. Such mandates strengthen the initiates between UIC, enabling graduate’s employability in the modern uneven job market. Teacher behavior also emerged as an important factor in strengthening the effectiveness of IQAC initiatives. Supportive, innovative, and industry- based teaching approaches encourage sharing between universities and its external stakeholders. Teachers who actively engage in teaching materials, sound class room maintain, research based lesson, professional practice, and industry interaction contribute to accommodating sustainable university industry relationships. Overall, the study concludes that IQAC role as a critical mechanism for motivating quality standards and facilitating collaboration between academia and industry. By integrating quality assurance practices with curriculum development, employment-based programs, and positive teacher behavior, higher education institutions in Bangladesh can significantly enhance graduate readiness employability and institutional competitiveness. Therefore, university administrators and policymakers should strengthen structural IQAC frameworks to initiates supportive collaboration with industry to maintain sustainable procurement in the higher education sector. Declarations Ethical Approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the following: Name of Ethics Committee: Ethical Research Committee of WUB Dr. Swapan Kumar Sarkar, Member secretariat, Ethical Research Committee of World University of Bangladesh Email: [email protected] Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For participants were not under the age of 16, informed consent no needed to obtain from a parent or legal guardian. Consent to Participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Consent for Publication: Participants were informed that the data collected would be used for academic and research publication purposes. No identifiable personal information is disclosed in this manuscript. Disclosure of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding Statement: This publication paper is funded by Authors oneself Disclosure of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Data availability statement : Data is available upon request from the authors. Contact Person : Dr. Md. Mohidul Islam [email protected] Author contribution: Dr. Md. Mohidul Islam: Conceptualization writing – Introduction and methodology. Dr. Mohammad Shahabuddin: Conceptualization, data analysis Dr. Md. 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Mohidul Islam","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/UlEQVRIie2PsYrCQBRFXxqroO34EQsDwrBgiB9iMyEQm6zNNiksYhNL6wXBL7Dd+oUHVtFpI9uYPkV+YMFRdxGEJGsn7BwG5hb3cGcADIanxAa09dUBsJBxR0drjn9VAF+j4KzErcr5XMAoo2toEl4WuxRLoGm3R4iHRLmbBemVmTOuU0Q2lekK6L3DApl+JF/+Z+ZpZRu8xXUKhpxsIC9hNqe+VgRqxYqpXlHlj9JTFX0ne1+ookXJf1cgBGQZuiJvW8lLnq74RD8s4MgiX4pcr8imv6hwUJXR0FsvqTgy7o6EmhTHaubUKlf4LXqXpmys3zF6pGwwGAz/gxNK2mvJa2pbNAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Business Administration, World University of Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh and Faculty of Business and Communication, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Mohidul","lastName":"Islam","suffix":""},{"id":617674818,"identity":"44ed2b02-f6c6-4d82-a40c-a3ce5764ce6d","order_by":1,"name":"Md. Jafor Ali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Business Administration, Islamic University Bangladesh.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Jafor","lastName":"Ali","suffix":""},{"id":617674819,"identity":"8985e742-bc75-40fc-8852-aa1ae49c2cea","order_by":2,"name":"Imrose Afrine","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of English World University of Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Imrose","middleName":"","lastName":"Afrine","suffix":""},{"id":617674820,"identity":"28f3378f-125c-4ad2-8756-312418bd290e","order_by":3,"name":"Mohammad Sahabuddin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Finance in the Department of Finance and Banking at the University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC).","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Sahabuddin","suffix":""},{"id":617674821,"identity":"73588f31-6a4d-430b-bd25-8405a847a12b","order_by":4,"name":"Mahbuba Sarker Shama","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of English World University of Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahbuba","middleName":"Sarker","lastName":"Shama","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-05 01:10:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106324845,"identity":"d531835b-02a2-4fd9-8da6-d9eec97e8d79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 12:57:40","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104716,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eStructural model.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9323452/v1/03fd352b1f0bea66b58e88dd.png"},{"id":106324798,"identity":"c339f209-9382-4eb4-a73f-1510fcc84566","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 12:57:31","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":41032,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGraphical slope analysis of moderating effect TB*IQAC on GEO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9323452/v1/bb1d2c32927f31127fae9bea.png"},{"id":106324844,"identity":"737cf98c-6a96-43ee-8eff-ff0a3f87cf34","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 12:57:39","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30693,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered image in the Theoretical foundation and hypotheses development section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"unnumberfig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9323452/v1/a574bd4195243fa3566622f0.png"},{"id":107704664,"identity":"2d4d58d3-2a03-40ef-8341-e658859371cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 08:53:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":783677,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9323452/v1/29d8d5cb-dba2-4bde-9e04-7f9389e61134.pdf"},{"id":106324724,"identity":"e302e10c-86fe-4b2f-a828-8357378a1dfb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 12:57:10","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12470,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"StatementofConsent.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9323452/v1/c09254f1a1a698d03c43aefe.docx"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIQAC maintains mediating role to ensure Graduates Employability Outcomes based on University-Industry collaboration: Evidence from Bangladesh\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGraduate Employability Outcomes (GEO) focuses on readiness of graduates that leads to place jobs perform, grow, and adapt in the labor market. GEO plays a crucial role to make suitable manpower for collaborating the function of a universities and industries. It impact both on generating creative ideas and collaboration that assist to increase a country's economic prosperity, business, government, and academia relationships. To increase the linkage between UIC should follow curriculum development and funding opportunities for new research base projects. Job scholarship opportunities (JSO) and curriculum development have enhanced the need for effective UIC. The UIC make up the gap between connectivity and productivity of deteriorated mission for prospect and successful collaboration. This divisional communication disorder can be resolved through JSO and curriculum development policy like student internships program, mutual collaborative team visits of UIC personnel (Alshehri \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2016; Hal\u0026aacute;sz and Huang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, IQAC is consistently associated with utmost graduate employability outcomes and somewhat improved innovative skill, especially when it emphasizes curriculum development, practical, research experiences, and job scholar\u0026rsquo;s opportunities loops (Mensah, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). However, IQAC contributes as one important role among broader institutional and competitive market factors. Whereas, an university is the best informative source of action to build businessmen, entrepreneurs, and dynamic leaders in the future by uncovering an ever-expanding new cognitive knowledge base and innovative ideas (Hal\u0026aacute;sz \u0026amp; Huang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Thus, IQACs in Bangladesh are explicitly mandated to produce high employability graduates skilled through outcome‑based curricula, OBE‑aligned assessment and updated content of curriculum (Ferdous, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main concerning issues of GEO include weak industry collaboration, outdated curriculum, limited career guidance and weak quality assurance cell in dynamic competitive job market. Addressing these problem need stronger UIC, updated activities of curricula, and effective IQAC. Most of the industries and universities in the south Asia region, particularly in Bangladesh have been suffering serious challenges to produce contemporary graduate employability outcomes in the competitive world at globally. Behind of the problem, IQAC and its weak industry based supervision on UC and JSO is considered as the main causes to UIC. Singh, (2019) mentioned in his study, the elements of UIC such as UC policy, JSO, TB are another obstacle to create employability that influence on the economy growth of a country.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main objective of this study is to evaluate the UIC links in the relationships of IQAC and its role to create GEO. The establishment of IQAC by accredited institutions (after the first cycle) is a major step in pushing long-term quality standards. IQAC in any institution is a significant administrative body that is responsible for all quality matters (Thakur, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2026\u003c/span\u003e). It is the prime responsibility of IQAC to initiate, plan and supervise various curriculum activities that are necessary to increase the quality of the education imparted in an institution or University. The role of IQAC in maintaining quality standards in teaching, learning and evaluation becomes crucial, and the present research is therefore undertaken on a smaller scale to determine the exact status and functioning of IQAC and its outcomes (Sawant, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn previous study by Singh, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) examined the enhanced the understanding factors promoting policy, shared governance, and trust formation mediating, while behavior as moderating influence on outcomes. Similarly, others study by Bstieler et el., (2015) examined the IP policy, shared governance, and trust formation mediating, while champion behavior as moderating influence on outcomes. Sabu, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned that IQAC is internal mechanism, JSO and curriculum activities on UIC are crucial to creates new windows of job market. This crucial phenomena is a notable gap in understanding the impact of IQAC, TB and GEO relationship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is strong and consistent evidence that university IQAC policies, especially when integrated with active UIC policy, positively influence GEO (Martin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). This relationship is strengthened by ideal teacher\u0026rsquo;s involvement in quality assurance and university policy development. Teacher punctuality especially his/her attitude that ensure to force be motivated between IQAC and enhance GEO. There is strong and consistent evidence that university policy, sharing governance, teacher\u0026rsquo;s behavior through collaborative frameworks of IQAC, and stakeholder engagement positively influences GEO (Islam et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Current study consistently shows that teacher behavior plays a significant moderating role between IQAC and GEO, especially to be creates graduate employability readiness in UIC contexts.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Theoretical foundation and hypotheses development","content":"\u003cp\u003eHuman Capital theory is one kind of human development tools that is employed to improve skill, knowledge and technical particulars of an employee (Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). As theoretical foundation the study focus on Human Capital Theory (HCT) and Total Quality Management (TQM) theory (Dale et el,.2001) integrated in higher education institutions. To enhance graduate employability, requirement the continuous improvement of academic curriculum and JSO of an institutional processes. HCT addressed that proper investments in training, education and professional development enhance individuals\u0026rsquo; connectivity, productivity and employability. Meanwhile, TQM emphasizes continuous improvement, stakeholder participation, and IQAC in organizational systems. In universities, the IQAC integrates these standards by ensuring quality in curriculum design, motivating job opportunities for scholars, and enhancing teacher behavior. In sense of IQAC mechanisms that strengthens UIC and facilitates the development of competencies required in the job market, ultimately improving GEO (Becker, 1964). According to Flanders, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned the professional attitudes, instructional strategies, and classroom practices have a direct and profound influence on students\u0026rsquo; learning outcomes and skill development. Biggs \u0026amp; Tang, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) argued IQAC initiatives are designed to align educational programs with job market needs and foster employable graduates in diverse professional environments. On the others hand the theory of teacher behavior demonstrates that instructors are not only policy implementers but also actively contribute to quality control and graduate employability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2. 1 University Curriculum and IQAC.\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIQAC does not directly participate to designed the university curriculum (Ferdous,2024), the curriculum is prepared by the Academic Council, departmental experts bodies, while IQAC plays a supportive role by monitoring, reviewing and ensuring its quality as well as relevance to graduate employability outcome according to accreditation standards. IQAC\u0026rsquo;s role includes developing quality benchmarks and guiding academic units for reviewing existing improvement (Awal, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). In this study, the stakeholders is indicated as UIC and government connectivity that support to HCT model theory (Auerbach \u0026amp; Green, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). According to Mensah, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned in his study, the university\u0026rsquo;s objectives is part and parcel of UIC policies that prioritize a quality and clear institutional commitment, resources, and framework.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurriculum development is a continuous updated process that includes the improvement, development, and redesign of cognitive learning to meet the desired needs of UIC. Putri and Abdullah, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) suggested that curriculum development is not only limited to changes but also a broader transformation of textbooks, course content even the entire educational system. It also emphases on reshaping thinking how and what students learn, the methods of instruction, and the assessment processes. According Khan, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) curriculum development aims to transforming relevance by determining cognitive dissonance aligns with real-world needs, including knowledge of innovative, skills and demanded by the competitive market. It also aims at enhancing engagement by creating learning experiences that are stimulating, interactive, and student-centered, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Putri \u0026amp; Abdullah, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) argued that curriculum innovation seeks to encourage critical thinking by developing learners\u0026apos; abilities to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information, preparing them for problem-solving in diverse contexts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFerdous, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) argued the role of IQACs which are essential for continuous improvement in academic learning and teaching. Similarly, Mensah, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned about the policies also foster a culture of quality by formalizing procedures and clarifying responsibilities to ensure accountability at all institutional levels. In Bangladesh, strong government and university policies enabled to give the facilities of IQACs. To guide the shift to from intellectual transfer to technology transfer to online education directly improving educational quality (Reddy, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). In previous study by Mensah, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) argued that policy and IQAC systems led to better supporting to the stakeholder engagement, and more effective monitoring of academic performance. Even, IQACs are more successful in implementing quality curriculum development management strategies and faculty training that leads to measurable improvements in institutional quality. Thus, according to Human Capital Theory, the university curriculum design is employed for building student\u0026rsquo;s confidence that leads to productivity and career success (Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). From the above statement following hypothesis:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e. University Curriculum positively impacts IQAC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.2 JSO and IQAC\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIQAC indirectly contributes job or scholarship opportunities (ferdous, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). It take parts to facilitates and monitors quality assurance for supporting graduates employability motivation, while actual scholarships and job opportunities are administered and designed by respective parties of university internal and external stakeholders. Scholarship and Job facilities are designed by administered or university financial aid units, academic departments or external funding bodies, while IQAC plays only quality-assurance and a supporting role only (Awal, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). JSO is funding facilities for student\u0026rsquo;s constructive knowledge sharing. It is an attempt to Job opportunities for graduates (Aliu \u0026amp; Aigbavboa \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The graduates effectively depends on collaboration and team work proceeds can also be maintained through proper coordinating object and skills between UIC partners (Dwyer et al,. 2023). In collaboration process, JSO motivate enormously to increase GEO. Similarly, R\u0026amp;D indicates innovative based activities to GEO. Infrastructural development, training facilities and student placement is the themes of generating news ideas of Knowledge (Aliu \u0026amp; Aigbavboa \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Singh, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) found that the confidential as well as burning issues of JSO is IQAC activities are essential for effective work-based teaching, learning and aligning educational outcomes with industry needs. It also argued by Ferdus, (2024) JSO fosters collaboration between university and industry partners, which is directly linked to improved cognitive knowledge transfer, innovation, and positive collaboration outcomes. Arranz et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrated that the breadth and depth of collaboration facilitated by JSO that is build congenial role to IQAC and increase employer satisfaction with graduates\u0026rsquo; skills and competencies. Strong ties and diverse collaboration mechanisms between universities and industries are empirically represent to facilitate for IQAC. Effective JSO includes free fair view of facilities are invested to building up graduates learning and knowledge capabilities to be graduate outcomes (Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). From the above statement following hypothesis:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Job Scholars Opportunities positively impacts IQAC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.3 IQAC Policy and GEO\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe IQAC is an internal administrator body to maintain quality standards in the whole process of teaching, learning and evaluation (Makandar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). IQAC mechanisms are associated with improved graduate employability outcomes, though its effective roles and policy. These policies include updates curriculum, regular review and alignment with champion policy which enhance graduates\u0026rsquo; readiness for employment. (Boateng et al, .2023) argued in the context of the effective university\u0026ndash;industry activities that provides curriculum updates and practical training facilities that is supported by IQAC. IQAC and its activities are directly motivated to improve graduates\u0026rsquo; employability by ensuring that educational programs meet current industry requirements (Noureen et al,. 2024). On the others hand, GEO indicates as like open day program, cultural festival and innovation idea exposure for students. IQAC motivates to conduct the program in the context of industry\u0026ndash;academia collaboration impact of quality management systems on employability (Makandar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Boateng et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) also found that the scholarship for stipend, research and publication impact on GEO. In support of this area, previous study conducted by Channahon, (2024) argued that teamwork, quality improvement mission approach and curriculum have positive association between qualities of higher education. However, IQAC directly or indirectly are related with GEO into institutional practices. Within the HCT and TQM theory, IQAC\u0026rsquo;s continuous monitoring the UIC activities that gradually grow employability strategies (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). From the above statement following hypothesis:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. IQAC positively impacts graduate employability outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.4. IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and GEO\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIQACs is integrated process to operate university policies and its activities by embedding quality assurance practices like curriculum updating, issues of industry alignment, and skills adjustment into academic programs (Makandar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). To ensure the policy and its related quality assurance processes that is supervised by IQACs, such as enhancing the educational process, integrating research activities and collaborative issues. (Gora et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned IQAC according to university policy have a direct positive effect on graduates\u0026rsquo; employability. However, university policy and employability is often fully mediated by the competencies and skills developed through quality assurance mechanisms, rather than by policy alone (Kayyali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Integrating employability outcomes into the quality assurance roadmap through dedicated units, stakeholder engagement, and employment-focused support services further strengthens linkage between policy and employability (Gora et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e and Kayyali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This indirect connection ensures that policy intentions are effectively forced into educational practices that directly impact graduates\u0026rsquo; employability skills (Gora et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). According to Gora et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) founded in the studies at Nigeria and the Philippines that robust internal quality assurance practices, including regular curriculum reviews and labor market assessments, significantly improve graduates\u0026rsquo; employability skills and job readiness (Gora et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e and Kayyali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). HCT and TQM Model positions IQAC as a critical intermediary that facilitates the connection between academic curriculum and industrial expectations which lead to enhanced employability outcomes (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). The direct and indirect relation among IQAC, university policy and graduate employability outcomes propose the hypothesis:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e. IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and graduate employability outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.5. IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and GEO\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSimard et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and Hasan et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). IQACs attempt to manage these collaborative decisions by embedding quality assurance practices (such as curriculum review, stakeholder feedback, and industry alignment) into academic programs, which are crucial for developing employability skills Simard et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). GEO is the process of UIC feedback procedure that ensure Quality education. Internal quality assurance Cell (IQAC) looks universities\u0026rsquo; internal insight such as evaluation, curriculum validation and job market assessments. The assessments significantly enhance graduates\u0026rsquo; employability skills and employment outcomes. These practices ensure that educational programs are aligned with job market needs, thereby increasing the effectiveness of job and scholarship opportunities in leading to favorable graduate employment outcomes (Kayyali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). As a result, high levels of IQAC practices contribute significantly to the employability skills of graduates, which in turn improve their chances of securing employment. IQAC elements engagement with job opportunities trends help translate job and scholarship opportunities into tangible employment benefits for graduates. Gora et al,. (2019) mentioned IQAC not only directly improves employability skills but also intervention the relationship between JSO and employment outcomes. Mediating analyses confirm that IQAC mediate both employability, and JSO market assessments being particularly job opportunity markets. The present studies show that quality assurance processes indirectly enhance students\u0026rsquo; competencies and employability. Internal Quality Assurance (IQAC) acting as a significant mediator between job scholarship opportunities (JSO) and graduate employment outcomes (GEO). Moreover, grounded in the HCT and TQM, IQAC bridges JSO and GEO which enables the conversion of opportunity structures to graduate employment success (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e. IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and graduate employability outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e2.6 Teacher Behavior moderate the relationship on IQAC and GEO.\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTeachers\u0026rsquo; occupational commitment is a novelty exercise that impress on an individual\u0026rsquo;s behavior. The individual\u0026rsquo;s behaviors is the parts of human\u0026rsquo;s attitude that is influenced by professional practice, custom and standards. According to Thakur, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2026\u003c/span\u003e) argued that IQAC is an internal cell that is supervised and justified institutional collaboration procedure. The job involvement are strong predictors of effective industry\u0026ndash;university cooperation, which is essential for developing employability skills through real-world experiences Gerardo Petruzziello et al,. (2022). On the others hand, teachers who engage in active, collaborative, and work-based education to build student\u0026rsquo;s career and better understand workplace requirements. This teacher\u0026rsquo;s collaboration that boost their confidence in job-seeking, directly impacting employability Franco et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). The IQAC practices a set of framework for quality and employability, the actual impact on students is significantly shaped by teacher\u0026rsquo;s havitual impress in daily academic and industry-linked activities Gerardo Petruzziello et al,. (2022) and Franco et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Even, teacher Behavior plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between IQAC initiatives and graduates\u0026rsquo; employability outcomes within the framework of university\u0026ndash;industry collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHowever, the effectiveness of IQAC initiatives in improving graduate employability outcomes largely depends on how teachers interpret, implement, and support these quality standards in their teaching. Here, the Theory of Teacher Behavior plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between IQAC and graduate employability outcomes. When teachers display positive behaviors\u0026mdash;such as adopting innovative pedagogy, maintaining strong industry linkages, encouraging problem-solving and teamwork, and providing mentorship\u0026mdash;the influence of IQAC initiatives on employability outcomes becomes stronger. Conversely, when teacher behavior is passive, resistant to change, or lacks industry relevance, the impact of IQAC efforts may be diminished (Noureen et al,. 2024). In the context of university\u0026ndash;industry collaboration, teachers act as the key link between academic institutions and the professional world. Their behavior determines how effectively students gain practical exposure, industry-oriented skills, and employability attributes such as communication, adaptability, and professionalism (Ferdus, 2024). Therefore, integrating HCT and TQM theory provides a strong theoretical background for determining Teacher Behavior strengthens on the relationship between IQAC and GEO. Fairly teacher engagement maintain that quality assurance practices are translated into meaningful knowledge experiences that enhance graduates\u0026rsquo; skills and employability in the dynamic job market. Such teacher engagement in UIC cooperation further strengthens these outcomes (Dale et al,. 2001; Becker, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Strober, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Schultz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e). Hence the proposed hypothesis:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e.Teacher Behavior plays significant role as moderating effect between IQAC and graduate\u0026rsquo;s employability outcome of university\u0026ndash;industry collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Sample and data collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study is conducted among top seven universities determined by disclosure of the \u0026ldquo;UGC\u0026rdquo; permanent certified private university in Bangladesh. This unique identification code of questionnaires was used in subsequent surveys to the department of Business administration\u0026rsquo;s student. The online survey was designed in such a way that it did not allow the participants to move backward while completing the survey; this prevented employees from changing the answers they gave initially. The data is filtered through targeted respondent while 309 valid responded of 350. Additionally, participants who given to respond were excluded following the recommendations of Wise \u0026amp; Kong, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). Further, the results of the t-test for demographic variables showed that there was no significant difference between participants who completed all the surveys and those who did not, indicating non-response bias was not a problem in this study (Armstrong \u0026amp; Overton, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Measures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll measures were rated on a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). University Policy: To measure UC, the authors adapted five-items from Singh (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), IQAC to the UIC system. A sample item includes: \u0026ldquo;Role of IQAC and UIC allocate sufficient resources to implement UIC projects.\u0026rdquo; UC was assessed as a first-order reflective construct. Job Scholars Opportunities: JSO was measured using three dimensions, namely, \u0026ldquo;JSO\u0026rdquo; (five items), \u0026ldquo;IQAC\u0026rdquo; (nine items), and \u0026ldquo;GEO\u0026rdquo; (seven items). These items were adapted from Aliu and Aigbavboa, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). TB was assessed as a reflective of moderating effect construct, namely \u0026ldquo;teacher attitudes and behavior to UIC\u0026rdquo; (five items). These items were adapted from Bstieler et el., (2015) and Singh, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The sample items included: UIC.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Data analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo analyze the research data, the study conducted PLS-SEM using Smart_PLS software version 4.0. (Ringle et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned that the prediction-oriented complex model (mediating and moderating constructs with reflective and formative indicators) is suitable to examine under PLS-SEM using Smart_PLS. Additionally, it allows the capability to simultaneously deal with multiple dependency relationships represented with unobservable concepts with statistical efficiency (Hair et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). To measure mediating and moderating, bootstrapping method was employed to determine the significance levels of the loadings and path coefficients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1. Common method bias\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon method bias is concerning issue in cross-sectional research (Jakobsen and Jensen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Podsakoff et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). According to Harman, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1967\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned as Harman single-factor test that was conducted to examine about the common method bias and it\u0026rsquo;s concerning issues. The current study is not fallen under such bias. The results of current study showed that none of the factors represented a variance of more than 50%, meaning that validating of common method bias was not a concern for this study. In addition, only a 1% change in R2 of VGB was observed, high lighting that common method variance was not a concern for the current study. Therefore, the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for all the variables did not exceed 2.25, indicating no issue of multicollinearity (Garc\u0026iacute;a et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2. Assessment of measurement model\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.1. Profile of Respondents\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe profile of respondents demonstrated that 60% of participants were male and 40% were female. The most of them (37%) were aged between 20\u0026ndash;40 years. In level of educational qualification, 62% held a master\u0026rsquo;s degree, while more that 15\u0026ndash;30% had directors to manager. Regarding working experience 12% had more than 10 years of experience in the expert level. This indicates that the respondent\u0026rsquo;s quality sufficient professional knowledge relevant to UIC practices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShows the sample demographics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMBA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAges\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirectors level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManager\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExecutive Level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOfficer Level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYears of experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ein current profession\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess than 2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;5 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore than 10 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.2 Descriptive Statistics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e demonstrate the descriptive statistics of variables in the study. The mean value of GEO is 0.184, with a standard deviation of 0.072, indicating moderate variability among UIC. IQAC demonstrate a mean score of 3.72, suggesting a relatively high level of IQAC across the sampled institutions. JSO has a mean 4.3%, while standard deviation was 0.01. Regarding the TB and UP the mean and standard deviation value was 0.150 and 0.288. The acceptable thresholds of Skewness and kurtosis values fall within (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1 for Skewness and \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3 for kurtosis), ensure the normal distribution data set.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShows the descriptive statistics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emax\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ekurtosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkewness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.551\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.474\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.925\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.604\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJSO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.297\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.877\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.563\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.636\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.801\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.429\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.332\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.715\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.527\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.3. Discriminant validity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows The \u0026ldquo;Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of the correlations (HTMT)\u0026rdquo; argued by the threshold criteria of less than 0.90 (Hair et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), indicating discriminant validity. Discriminant validity of the study is tolerable as well and measurable to conduct the data. Empirically the data is relevant with previous studied.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.4. Psychometric properties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows that Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha values were greater than 0.50, and average variance extracted values met the threshold value (AVE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.50). Further, composite reliability (CR) was higher than 0.70. Thus, convergent validity and internal consistency reliability were achieved for the present study (Bagozzi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e; Hair et al., 2021). Empirically the data is relevant with previous studied.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruct reliability and validity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's alpha\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite reliability (rho_a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite reliability (rho_c)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage variance extracted (AVE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.647\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.696\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.579\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.544\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.786\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.861\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.894\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.848\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.569\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.5. Indicator Reliability (Outer Loadings) and VIF\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows the outer loading and Variance Influence Factor (VIF). Outer Loadings and VIF both are data measurement indicator. To check the reliability and validity of data such test is measured in a study. Hair \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2022), and Henseler et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) mentioned that outer loadings (indicator reliability) corresponding the items with latent variable. The threshold value is more than 0.708. In contrary the acceptable range is 0.40 to 0.70. Similarly, Hair et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) and Bagozzi \u0026amp; Yi (1991) argued that above 0.70 and from 0.60 to 0.70 is acceptable in term of exploratory research. According to above statement, the data of current study is suitable for measurement. In sense of VIF, the acceptance range for VIF is VIF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5 (Ideal: \u0026lt; 3.3) and more than its range is considered as for redundancy among indicators by Hair et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor outer loading and VIF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.723\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e 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colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.741\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.744\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.910\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.737\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e 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\u003cp\u003eTB1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.521\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.774\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.781\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.757\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.677\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.812\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.908\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.722\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.520\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.745\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.682\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.697\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.605\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.6 Discriminant validity Matrix\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e shows \u003cb\u003ediscriminant validity Matrix.\u003c/b\u003e Discriminant validity that ensures the direction of latent construct is effectively distinct from other constructs in the model. It is a key concept in construct validation whereas, the research confirms that indicators of one construct do not measure another. \u003cb\u003eDiscriminant validity shows\u003c/b\u003e Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, and another is \u003cb\u003eFornell-Larcker Criterion score\u003c/b\u003e, in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. The tools assesses the discriminant validity by using correlations matrix format. According to Henseler, Ringle, \u0026amp; Sarstedt (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) argued that the HTMT\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.90 (Liberal), \u0026lt; 0.85 (Conservative). As per statement current study is optimum to conduct the research. The Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows fit summary of model fit that is needed assessment. According to Hair et al,. (2022) argued that overall acceptance fit for (SRMR\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.08, 0.062; NFI\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.90). In addition, the d_ULS and d_G value also relevant to conduct the data in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) \u0026ndash; Matrix\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB x IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.845\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.833\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.852\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.791\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.702\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB x IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.196\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFornell-Larcker criterion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.761\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.661\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.582\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.713\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.781\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.654\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.582\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel fit of Fit Summary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSRMR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaturated model\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated model\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed_ULS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.696\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed_G\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.610\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.686\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi-square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1300.949\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1379.858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNFI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2.7 Coefficient of determination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe coefficient of determination R2 values for the dependent variables and its prior determinant clarified power of the variables and analysis the variance by independent variables that are linked with it (Hair et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). For example, the R2 value of 0.522 for GEO demonstrated that graduate employee thriving at opportunities accounted for 52.2% variance. Similarly, 56.40% of the variance in thriving at work was explained by green crafting (R2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.40), and 40% of the variance in IQAC with GEO practices (R2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.5640).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDemonstrate value of R\u003c/b\u003e-square and R-square adjusted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR-square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR-square adjusted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.562\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3. Structural model assessment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structural model was examined to measure the intervention effect of the model and examine the research hypotheses. The 5000 resamples is carried out on bootstrapping process (Bagozzi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e; Hair et al., 2022). Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e depicts the structural model.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3.1. Mediation effects\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e shows the mediating effect of indirect association of IQAC between JO and GEO (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.159, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.00). Similarly, the mediation of IQAC between UP and GEO also received support (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.117, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02). Furthermore, IQAC at work positively as well as significantly mediated the relationship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShow specific indirect (mediating) effects\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypothesis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTDEV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO -\u0026gt; IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.362\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP -\u0026gt; IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3.2. Direct and Moderation effect\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe moderating effect is conducted by bootstrap technique and carried out the impact of the indicating that the two predictors between IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.341, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) are positively related to H3, thus H2 and H1 effect JO -\u0026gt; IQAC and UP -\u0026gt; IQAC. The value of the effect (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.467, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) and (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.342, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.000) was positively significant relationship. (TB x IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO) practices on the relationship between IQAC and GEO at work received support. Thus, hypothesis 5 was supported (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.055, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0510). To corroborate this finding, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows strengthening the association of TB on IQAC and GEO at work under high GEO readiness. The confidence intervals bias-corrected 95% also did not show any intervals straddling a zero, thus the results of confidence level are summarized in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepresents the results of the moderation effects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTDEV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB x IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.952\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemonstrate the confidence intervals\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.485\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.351\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.570\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.485\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB x IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect, Indirect and Moderating effect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResult\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP -\u0026gt; IQAC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJO -\u0026gt; IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.362\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUP -\u0026gt; IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccept\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTB x IQAC -\u0026gt; GEO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.952\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eNote. IQAC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Internal Quality Assurance Cell, JO\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Job Opportunities, TB\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Teacher\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eBehavior UP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;University Policy, GEO\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Graduate Employee Outcome\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows horizontal axis IQAC and vertical axis GEO. The three color line gradually proceeds separately that indicated, there are impactful relationship. Teacher Behavior moderately modify the relationship on IQAC and GEO, indicating that quality assurance motivates to produce stronger employability benefits when supported by positive teacher behavior. Moderating effect of TB on the relationship between IQAC and GEO. Graphical slope analysis further indicates that at higher levels of positive teacher behavior on the relationship between IQAC effectiveness and graduate employability becomes steeper, demonstrating an enhanced impact. At lower levels of teacher engagement, the relationship weakens, highlighting the critical human element in quality assurance systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe proposed model was tested using the two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e). First, the study assessed the measurement model to test the validity and reliability of the instruments following the recommendations by Hair et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Second, the structural model was examined to test the proposed hypotheses. For the measurement model, the loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), and the composite reliability (CR) were assessed. The loadings for all reflective items exceeded the threshold value of 0.7 (except 0.654, 0.695 and 0.697), the AVE is above the 0.70 threshold, and the CR was above 0.7 (Hair et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Since the study all are first order constructs, the validity and reliability were also valid and reliable. The factor weights were examined to validate the formative measures. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shown the formative indicators significantly contribute to their respective constructs as they are significant at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (Chin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). We then assessed the multicollinearity, and the results indicated that the variance inflation factor (VIF) was less than 5 (Hair et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe establishment of IQAC is a major step in pushing long-term quality standards. IQAC in any institution is a significant administrative body that is responsible for all quality academic matters. It is the top prime responsibility of IQAC to initiate, plan and supervise various policies that are necessary to bust-up the quality of the education imparted in an institution or university. The role of IQAC is to maintain the quality standards in UC, JSO and evaluation process. Therefore, the present research is undertaken on a smaller rank to determine the exact status and role of IQAC and its performance. H1 University Curriculum positively impacts on IQAC. The findings of this study indicate that the university curriculum policy is a significant and positively impact on IQAC. This result leads to aligns with quality assurance and well-structured in outcome-based curriculum design that strengthens IQAC performance. The positive and significant result also suggests that curriculum alignment through integration of e-learning tools, research tools, UIC, and outcomes -based education. To enhances IQAC\u0026rsquo;s performance for maintaining academic standards, an institution offers convenient curriculum and stakeholder (faculty, industry experts, alumni, and students), IQAC ensure its development more participatory with evidence-based. Theoretically, this relationship can be examining through TQM principles, where curriculum acts as an internal factor. IQAC functions as a review, monitoring and control mechanism that leads to improve academic performance and employability. This finding revealed consistent with prior studies from Aliu \u0026amp; Aigbavboa, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH2. Job Scholars Opportunities positively impacts on IQAC. This relationship demonstrates the strategically importance of employability and financial strategic support as critical indicators of institutional quality assurance performance. In perspective of a quality assurance, graduate employability and access to scholarships serve as desired outcomes of academic excellence and institutional credibility. In sense of higher scholarship facilities and job placement rates, that encourage to strong governance. IQAC is the part and parcel of internal governance can plays enormous processes to be more outcome-oriented mechanism (Singh, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH3. IQAC positively impacts on graduate employability outcomes. The IQAC that offering robust career services, industry collaboration, and merit-based financial assistance that enabling academic ecosystem. Such an ecosystem strengthens IQAC\u0026rsquo;s monitoring and evaluation capacity by providing reliable data related to graduate success, progression rates, and academic outcomes. In this way, enhances internal governance mechanisms, accreditation readiness, and strategic planning. Theoretically, this finding aligns with Human Capital Theory, which posits that educational institutions enhance individual productivity and economic value through knowledge and skill development (Bstieler, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH4. IQAC mediates the relationship between University Curriculum and graduate employability outcomes. The results of this study empirically relevant while \u003cb\u003eIQAC\u003c/b\u003e significantly mediates the relationship between university curriculum and graduate employability outcomes. According to Thakur, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2026\u003c/span\u003e) argued curriculum design is not only sufficiently to enhance employability, but also needed it\u0026rsquo;s effectively evaluated, monitored, and continuously improved through \u003cb\u003eIQAC\u003c/b\u003e mechanisms. Theoretically, HCT effect on structural input of knowledge and competencies. IQAC operates as governance mechanism to the process-oriented that ensures alignment between curricular policy and current job market demands. Empirically, the direct effect of curriculum on employability becomes stronger and more statistically meaningful when IQAC is introduced as a mediator on the model specification.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH5. IQAC mediates the relationship between JSO and graduate employability outcomes. JSO directly contribute to enhancing students\u0026rsquo; career prospects on employability outcomes through structured quality assurance processes embedded within the institution. Conceptually, JSO represent institutional support mechanisms that enhance students\u0026rsquo; exposure to job markets, professional networks, and financial stability. However, without systematic monitoring, evaluation, and alignment with academic objectives, these opportunities may remain fragmented or underutilized. IQAC serves as the internal governance and quality enhancement framework that integrates JSO into the broader academic strategy, ensuring coherence between academic programs, and stakeholder expectations career services.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH6. Teacher Behavior plays significant role as moderating effect on IQAC and graduate\u0026rsquo;s employability outcome of UIC. The findings of this study demonstrate that teacher behavior plays a statistically significant, particularly, the strength and direction of the association between IQAC effectiveness and employability outcomes depending on the quality of teacher behavior, indicating a conditional interaction effect. The moderating effect suggests that teacher behavior manifested through pedagogical commitment, industry engagement, mentoring practices, responsiveness to feedback, and innovative teaching strategies. In institutions where teachers actively align classroom delivery with industry expectations, IQAC-driven reforms translate more efficiently into graduate competencies and graduate\u0026rsquo;s readiness. From a theoretical view this interaction can be explained through TQM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Theoretical Implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIQAC acts as the internal governance mechanism of an educational institutions ensuring that academic processes, quality benchmarks and institutional standards. It also leads to enhance economic value and individual productivity through knowledge and skill development. () argued IQAC operates as the process-oriented governance mechanism and framework that ensures alignment between curricular activities and job related scholarship opportunities in the competitive market demands. As a theoretical standpoint, the study interaction through HCT and TQM framework. In this framework HCT and TQM are interconnected, whereas, employability outcomes emerge as the final output of a systematically monitored and quality-assured academic process. The JSO provides opportunities for skill development and academic advancement, while the university curriculum represents the structural input of knowledge, skills and competencies values designs to achieve specific educational outcomes. In sense of JSO, represent simultaneously TQM posits that systematic monitoring and continuous feedback loops to improve organizational outputs in this case, graduate employability leads to continuously improvement in the fie of UIC.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e5.2 Practical Implication\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe University Grants Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh is an autonomous institution to guide outcome base education and its outcomes to the Bangladeshi higher educational institutions. According to guidance of UGC, IQAC units are mandated to conduct structured monitoring activities like Self-Assessment Reports (SARs) and continuous quality improvement mechanism. These structured monitoring activities enable to identify institution\u0026rsquo;s gaps between intended learning outcomes and employer expectations, thereby refining dynamic curriculum implementation key performance indicators (KPIs). As KPIs such as academic audits, stakeholder consultations, outcome-based evaluation, graduate employment rates, internship outcomes, and scholarship achievements are often incorporated. Therefore, IQAC acts as a structured accountability mechanism that strengthens the JSO and academic curriculum on competitive global market outcomes. Therefore, a well-functioning IQAC strengthens institutional accountability and promotes a results-oriented academic culture.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Conclusion, limitations, and direction for future research","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study measured the role of the IQAC in ensuring quality standards in curriculum activities design, scholars\u0026rsquo; job opportunities, and teacher behavior in developing strong UIC relationships in higher education institutions in Bangladesh. The quantitative findings reveal that IQAC plays a significant role in maintain academic quality and improving GEO. The results indicate that effective IQAC practices contribute positively to the development of industry-based curriculum activities design, which helps align academic programs with job market demands. By regularly monitoring and evaluating curriculum quality, IQAC ensures that universities incorporate practical knowledge, technological advancement, and industry requirements into their academic infrastructures. This alignment enhances students\u0026rsquo; capabilities and prepares readiness them to meet the expectations of employers. Furthermore, the findings reveal that IQAC initiatives direct and indirect significantly improve scholars\u0026rsquo; job opportunities and GEO by promoting collaborations, internship opportunities, career counseling, and skill development with industry partners. Such mandates strengthen the initiates between UIC, enabling graduate\u0026rsquo;s employability in the modern uneven job market.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeacher behavior also emerged as an important factor in strengthening the effectiveness of IQAC initiatives. Supportive, innovative, and industry- based teaching approaches encourage sharing between universities and its external stakeholders. Teachers who actively engage in teaching materials, sound class room maintain, research based lesson, professional practice, and industry interaction contribute to accommodating sustainable university industry relationships.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the study concludes that IQAC role as a critical mechanism for motivating quality standards and facilitating collaboration between academia and industry. By integrating quality assurance practices with curriculum development, employment-based programs, and positive teacher behavior, higher education institutions in Bangladesh can significantly enhance graduate readiness employability and institutional competitiveness. Therefore, university administrators and policymakers should strengthen structural IQAC frameworks to initiates supportive collaboration with industry to maintain sustainable procurement in the higher education sector.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. \u0026nbsp; All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of Ethics Committee:\u003c/strong\u003e Ethical Research Committee of WUB\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Swapan Kumar Sarkar,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMember secretariat, Ethical Research Committee of World University of Bangladesh\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmail: [email protected]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed Consent:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For participants were not under the age of 16, informed consent no needed to obtain from a parent or legal guardian.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were informed that the data collected would be used for academic and research publication purposes. No identifiable personal information is disclosed in this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure of interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Statement:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis publication paper is funded by Authors oneself\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure of interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData is available upon request from the authors. Contact Person\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Md. Mohidul Islam \u0026nbsp;[email protected]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contribution:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Md. Mohidul Islam: Conceptualization writing \u0026ndash; Introduction and methodology.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Mohammad Shahabuddin: Conceptualization, data analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Md. Jafor ali: Conclusion and recommendation \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImrose Afrine: Literature review and Hypothesis development\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMahabuba Sarker Shama: Literature review and Hypothesis development\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement:\u003c/strong\u003e Not Applicable for this study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAliu, J. and Aigbavboa, C.O., 2021. Structural determinants of graduate employability: impact of university and industry collaborations. 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Applied Measurement in Education, 18(2), pp.163-183.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Graduate employability, Pedagogy, JSO, University Curriculum, UIC","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) in developing University Curriculum (UC) and Job Scholars Opportunities (JSO) on Graduate Employability Outcomes (GEO) regarding university industry collaborations (UIC) mechanism. This study adopted a quantitative approach where data was obtained from academician, experts and directors who are related with industry and university within the Bangladeshi UIC. A total of 305 questionnaires were administered to these professionals to provide information regarding the subject matter under scope. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine possible relationships among identified factors that were obtained from a review of extant literature. The final model revealed that GEO can be improved through UIC. The UIC whereas, as effective monitoring, reviewing and supervising role of IQAC that contribution to design quality UC and JSO relevance in the long run. To continuously enhance the graduate employability outcome of students before graduation, IQAC maintain quality standards in curriculum activities, scholar\u0026rsquo;s job opportunities that leads to become crucial graduate readiness outcomes. There have been several generalized statements as to which of the UIC activities contribute to graduate employability. The intervention effect both IQAC and TB on employability. Therefore, measurement model to test the validity and reliability of the instruments following the recommendations. Through the use of SEM using smart pls, it was possible to state precisely the UIC constructs that are statistically significant and contribute to graduate employability outcome.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"IQAC maintains mediating role to ensure Graduates Employability Outcomes based on University-Industry collaboration: Evidence from Bangladesh","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-07 12:55:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9323452/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ea1a7036-aef6-4473-9bb6-16f560841ab1","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 7th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":65735609,"name":"Educational Philosophy and Theory"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T12:55:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-07 12:55:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9323452","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9323452","identity":"rs-9323452","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}