Assessment of knowledge and perception of Rhesus incompatibility among expectant mothers attending antenatal clinic in selected hospitals in Jos Metropolis 

AbstractRhesus (Rh) incompatibility arises when a pregnant woman with Rh-negative blood carries an Rh-positive fetus, which may result in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn if not appropriately managed. Despite the availability of effective prophylaxis through Anti-D immunoglobulin, inadequate awareness and suboptimal preventive practices continue to contribute to preventable neonatal complications in many low- and middle-income settings, including Nigeria. This study examined the knowledge, perception, and preventive practices related to Rh incompatibility among expectant mothers attending antenatal clinics at Plateau State Specialist Hospital and Comprehensive Health Centre, Dadin Kowa. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, involving 221 pregnant women selected through multistage and systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, perception, and preventive practices. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis tested the association between knowledge and perception at a 5% significance level. The majority of respondents were aged 25–34 years, married, and had at least secondary education. Overall knowledge of Rh incompatibility was high, with most respondents correctly identifying the Rh factor, conditions for incompatibility, and the preventive role of Anti-D immunoglobulin. Perception towards Rh incompatibility was generally positive; however, uptake of preventive measures remained moderate. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed between knowledge and perception. Although expectant mothers demonstrated good awareness and favourable perceptions, gaps in preventive practices persist. Strengthening antenatal health education, improving counselling services, and ensuring consistent availability of Anti-D immunoglobulin are essential for preventing Rh sensitization and reducing neonatal morbidity. Keywords: Antenatal care; Anti-D immunoglobulin; knowledge; perception; preventive practices; Rhesus incompatibility.