A Biomechanics Analysis of Diagnosing Chronic Lumbago

A Biomechanics Analysis of Diagnosing Chronic Lumbago | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Biomechanics Analysis of Diagnosing Chronic Lumbago Lih-jier Young, Yuanqing Chen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897235/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Lower back pain frequently occurs in modern humans for complex reasons. Some aspects of the mechanism are still not fully understood. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the causes of swelling, inflammation, and pain in the psoas muscles resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration (L3-L4) using the biomechanical theorem of hoop stress. The secondary aim is to convert these stress data into a pain index using granular computing. We organized and analyzed the psoas muscle stress (hoop stress) across different genders, weights, bending postures, and age groups. The pain factors are divided into 10 levels. Each patient's pain factor and condition are assessed after a medical examination. A total of 1400 patients are included in this research. The results show that up to 20 times the body weight acts on the psoas muscles during lumbar flexion. It also indicates that the PF (hoop stress) at the L4-L5 intervertebral disc is about 1.3 times larger than at L3-L4 for both males and females. psoas muscles hoop stress intervertebral disc degeneration granular computing pain factor (PF) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementaryfile.doc Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6897235","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":480790112,"identity":"95ef1eba-3337-463e-9bc6-c6aa10929c11","order_by":0,"name":"Lih-jier Young","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCCmYIzUO8ljNALWwkaWFsI0WLwfEes4df51nbbbjfwPjgbRuDvDlBLWfOmBvLbktP3nCMgdlwbhuD4c4GQlpu5JhJS247nGxwjIFNmreNIcHgAFFa5oC1sP8mWovkx4bDdiBbmInSInnmWJk0w7H0BMljic2Sc85JGG4gpIXvePM2yR811vZ8hw8f/PCmzEaeoC0KQAXMwOhIbGBgbADyJQioBwJ5oDrGHwwM9oSVjoJRMApGwYgFAJDlP7/6xHqzAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Dongguan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lih-jier","middleName":"","lastName":"Young","suffix":""},{"id":480790113,"identity":"da918e44-be6d-4686-bf2e-952eae377561","order_by":1,"name":"Yuanqing Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dongguan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuanqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-15 08:38:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897235/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897235/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94989223,"identity":"6e4aa639-36fc-44b1-9f9b-6fef24452551","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-03 07:12:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":862822,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ABiomechanicsAnalysisofDiagnosingChronicLumbago1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897235/v1_covered_55a5b88e-5915-4d97-9bf0-be9d4c6e8955.pdf"},{"id":87899036,"identity":"f9dd29ef-10d3-4c4e-8a42-9ad534dcb10d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-30 07:58:54","extension":"doc","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":76800,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementaryfile.doc","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6897235/v1/cc10c1fbd8ee17d037361059.doc"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Biomechanics Analysis of Diagnosing Chronic Lumbago","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"psoas muscles, hoop stress, intervertebral disc degeneration, granular computing, pain factor (PF)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897235/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6897235/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLower back pain frequently occurs in modern humans for complex reasons. 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