Factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the App-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study

Factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the App-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the App-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study Benson Thomas M, Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R. Radhakrishnan, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of pain, discomfort, and injuries among app-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 app-based male food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu. The data was collected from June to July 2023 using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to assess physical pain, discomfort, and injuries. Results Among 425 food delivery riders chronic pain persisting over 12 months is prevalent among food delivery riders, notably affecting the lower back (49.18%), upper back (39.53%), neck (28.71%), and shoulders (26.12%). Short-term pain was reported by 56% of the respondents in the lower back in the last week. Substance use, dehydration, and work location are significantly associated with long- and short-term pains. The knees, Ankles and wrists are the most common body sites of injuries and skipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries. Conclusions Research in the area of assessing the pain and injuries among food delivery riders is minimal. The present study, notably, extends the understanding of the health impact of full-time food delivery work by revealing a high prevalence of physical pain, particularly in the lower back. Body pain Gig economy Injuries Online food delivery Third-party delivery platforms Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the food delivery industry due to shifting customer preferences, technological advancements, and the rise of third-party delivery services. [1] The global market for online food delivery is predicted to grow from $ 115.07 billion in 2020 to $ 223.77 billion in 2025, according to a 2022 Statista analysis. [2] The International Labor Organization Report 2021 states that the growth of the food delivery industry has given gig riders like food delivery riders new job opportunities. [3] The challenge of estimating the number of platform riders and the difficulties in formulating policies around them owing to a lack of data was brought forth by NITI Aayog in 2022. There has been much discussion about platform riders, particularly those who transport food, and their pay, benefits, employment status, social security, health insurance, and other benefits. [4] Mostly the food delivery riders do not get hired as full-time employees like any other sharing economy sector and are considered interchangeable or “gig riders” by food delivery companies. [5] According to Janata Daily, food delivery riders make between Rs. 15,000 and Rs. 20,000 a month. To make the high wage, these riders put in more than ten hours a day on average, six days a week. They must ride 150 kilometres a day to receive rewards, which forces them to put in more effort and stay on the road for extended periods. The incentives are also connected to how quickly those delivery personnel complete their tasks, which leads to reckless driving on their part and ultimately raises the risk of mishaps and injuries. [6] According to a study conducted on the prevalence of road traffic accidents among food delivery riders in southern Chennai, 32.36% (n = 56) of the riders met with an accident while on the job. [7] Food delivery riders also frequently have physical health issues, such as body aches. Long-term employment as a food delivery worker and continuous bike riding above 51 km per day may be the risk factors for the development of body pain in delivery riders, according to a study conducted in Shanghai, China. [8] A systematic review among a total pooled population of 18 882 professional drivers found the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain ranged between 43.1% and 93%. The most frequently reported body region was the lower back for musculoskeletal pain with a meta-prevalence rate of 53% (n = 9998). The other common regions with a high prevalence were neck, shoulder, and upper back. [9] With this background, a cross-sectional study was conducted among the food-delivery riders in Tamil Nadu to assess the factors and estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among them. Materials and Methods Study Design: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The Fig 1 depicts the timeline of the research. Study Setting: The study was conducted among food delivery riders across different parts of Tamil Nadu; Chennai, Coimbatore, Villupuram, and Cuddalore. Study sample: Food delivery riders aged 18-60 years providing service in Tamil Nadu. Fig no 1, Timeline of research Sample size: Prevalence is assumed to be 50 % since it is unknown with 95% CI, and 5% margin error Sample size (n) is calculated as, n = (z^2 * p * (1-p)) / (e^2) substituting, n = (1.96^2 * 0.5 * (1-0.5)) / (0.05^2) = 385 with an assumption of 10% rejection rate; n = 385 + 39 = 424 which rounded off to 425. Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Men who are aged 18-60 yearswith a minimum of 3 months of experience as a delivery rider with any of the app-based food delivery platforms were included in the study. The delivery riders who have a history of musculoskeletal disorders and are not using motorcycles for food delivery were excluded from the study. Study tool: The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used for this study. The questionnaire has two sections. Section 1 contains 40 forced-choice items that identify the areas of the body causing the musculoskeletal problems and the completion is aided by a body map to indicate nine symptom sites such as neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, low back, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, knees and ankles/feet. In this, the participants were asked if they had any musculoskeletal problems in the last year and last week which has prevented them from normal activities. Similarly, section 2 contains 25 forced-choice questions related to the neck, the shoulders and the lower back further detailing the relevant issues and eliciting any accidents affecting each area, functional impact at home and work (change of job or duties), duration of the problem, assessment by a health professional and musculoskeletal problems in the past 7 days. [10] Data collection method: The data collection was carried out by meeting the food delivery riders in person across different parts of Tamil Nadu. The study participants were briefed about the objectives of the study in the local language and informed consent was obtained from each of the study participants before the administration of the questionnaire. The investigators approached several food corners across study sites and the participants were recruited conveniently for this study. Timeline of data collection: The data collection was carried out during June- July 2023. Analysis: Data cleaning was done using Microsoft Excel and tables were constructed. Descriptive and Analytical tables were constructed in Excel. Further categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-Square test in STATA (SE Standard Edition-17, developed by STATA Cop, Texas 77845, USA). The chi-squared test was deemed appropriate due to the large sample size and categorical variables. It further helped to assess the independence. Ethical approval : The study proposal was approved on April 26, 2023, by the Institutional Ethical Committee of SRMIST (Deemed University). Written informed consent was obtained from each of the study participants. Results Of the 425 delivery riders, the mean (SD) age of the participants was 29.93(6.926) and the riders aged between 26 and 30 years formed the largest percentage (33.88%) followed by 18 to 25 years (30.12%). The marital status includes 46.8% married, 48.7% unmarried and 3.8% identified as Divorced/ Separated. Among the food delivery riders, 12.71% have less than one year of experience, the majority, comprising 47.76%, possess one to two years of experience, 34.59% have accumulated more than two years up to five years of experience, and a small fraction of 4.94% boasts over five years of experience Other demographic and occupational details of the study participants were represented in table 1. Table 1, Characteristics of the study participants (n=425) Name of the variable Categories (n) Percentages Age 25 & Below 128 30.1 26-29 107 25.2 30-34 101 23.8 35 & Above 89 20.9 Educational Status Secondary OR Below 58 13.7 Higher secondary OR Diploma 129 30.4 Graduate OR Post-graduate 238 56.0 Currently Student Yes 77 18.1 No 348 81.9 Marital Status Married 199 46.8 Other 226 53.2 Migrant Status Yes 222 52.2 No 203 47.8 Household Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.) 10000 & Below 215 50.6 10000-15000 92 21.7 15000 & Above 118 27.8 Substance Abuse Yes 200 47.1 No 225 52.9 Job Status Part-time 120 28.2 Full time 305 71.8 Years of Experience 1 Year & Below 128 30.1 1 Year - 2 Years 129 30.4 Above 2 Years 168 39.5 Skip Meal During Duty Hours Yes 284 66.8 No 141 33.2 Feel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform Yes 185 43.5 No 240 56.5 Feel Dehydration Yes 269 63.3 No 156 36.7 Tempted to Have Food Delivered Yes 276 64.9 No 149 35.1 Personal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.) 15000 & Below 154 36.2 15000 - 25000 119 28.0 25000 & Above 152 35.8 Place of Working (District) Chennai 316 74.4 Other 109 25.7 Burnout Low/Medium 379 89.2 High 46 10.8 Anxiety Minimal/Mild 271 63.8 Moderate 101 23.8 Severe 53 12.5 Depression Minimal/Mild 242 56.9 Moderate 114 26.8 Moderate Severe/Severe 69 16.2 To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain the study utilized a rigorously validated Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire, differentiating between chronic and acute manifestations of bodily pain. Furthermore, the research also delved into the rates of injuries sustained by food delivery riders. Figure 2 depicts the body map [11] of pain and injuries that the food delivery riders sustained in different body parts. Fig 3 illustrates the site of trouble due to short-term and long-term pain that prevented them from working because of pain. Fig 4 illustrates the prevalence of injuries at different sites of the body of the study participants. The prevalence of short-term and long-term pain along with the association of pain with socio-demographic, occupational and mental health variables is mentioned in Table 2. The educational status, substance abuse, job status, years of experience, dehydration, temptation to have food delivered, and place of work are significantly associated with long-term pain. Age, current student, marital status, substance abuse, dehydration, the temptation to have food delivered, place of work, and burnout are significantly associated with short-term pain. Similarly, substance use, feeling dehydrated and place of work are significantly associated with both long and short-term pains. Table 3 depicts the prevalence of injuries in which skipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries. Fig 2. Body map of musculoskeletal pain as assessed through the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire # Source: Iridiastadi dan Yassierli, 2015 Figure 3: Trouble suffered for the last 12 months & last 7 days (n= 425) Figure 4: Prevalence of injuries as per the sites of the body Table 2, Trouble in body parts because of short-term pain (last 7 days) Short term Pain Long Term pain Name of the variable Categories No Trouble Trouble on 1-4 sites of the body Trouble on 5-9 sites of the body Chi-2 P-Value No Trouble Trouble on 1-4 sites of the body Trouble on 5-9 sites of the body Chi-2 P-Value Age 25 & Below 22.66 65.63 11.72 9.34 0.155 35.16 55.47 9.38 22.20 0.001 26-29 29.91 59.81 10.28 36.45 57.01 6.54 30-34 17.00 65.00 18.00 15.84 72.28 11.88 35 & Above 17.98 62.92 19.10 17.98 65.17 16.85 Educational Status Secondary OR Below 22.41 60.34 17.24 10.57 0.032 20.69 67.24 12.07 3.22 0.522 H-Secondary OR Diploma 30.23 53.49 16.28 31.01 56.59 12.40 Graduate OR Post-graduate 17.72 69.62 12.66 26.89 63.45 9.66 Currently Student No 21.90 63.11 14.99 0.57 0.752 23.85 64.37 11.78 11.89 0.003 Yes 23.38 64.94 11.69 42.86 50.65 6.49 Marital Status Unmarried/Widowed/Other 23.01 64.16 12.83 1.01 0.605 33.19 58.41 8.41 9.68 0.008 Married 21.21 62.63 16.16 20.60 65.83 13.57 Migrant Status No 25.74 60.40 13.86 2.86 0.239 28.57 61.08 10.34 0.35 0.838 Yes 18.92 66.22 14.86 26.13 62.61 11.26 Household Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.) 10000 & Below 18.22 65.42 16.36 5.20 0.267 23.72 64.19 12.09 3.45 0.486 10000-15000 23.91 61.96 14.13 31.52 57.61 10.87 15000 & Above 27.97 61.02 11.02 30.51 61.02 8.47 Substance Abuse No 20.89 68.44 10.67 6.86 0.032 25.33 69.33 5.33 18.28 0.000 Yes 23.62 57.79 18.59 29.50 53.50 17.00 Job Status Part-time 11.67 78.33 10.00 16.42 0.000 29.17 65.00 5.83 4.32 0.115 Full time 26.32 57.57 16.12 26.56 60.66 12.79 Years of Experience 1 Year & Below 21.88 69.53 8.59 11.51 0.021 26.56 64.06 9.38 4.71 0.318 1 Year - 2 Years 26.36 62.02 11.63 33.33 57.36 9.30 Above 2 Years 19.16 59.88 20.96 23.21 63.69 13.10 Skip Meal During Duty Hours No 22.70 60.28 17.02 1.38 0.502 34.04 57.45 8.51 5.23 0.073 Yes 21.91 65.02 13.07 23.94 64.08 11.97 Feel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform No 22.18 64.02 13.81 0.16 0.925 25.00 62.92 12.08 1.97 0.374 Yes 22.16 62.70 15.14 30.27 60.54 9.19 Feel Dehydration No 30.13 60.26 9.62 11.35 0.003 37.82 61.54 0.64 33.62 0.000 Yes 17.54 65.30 17.16 21.19 62.08 16.73 Tempted to Have Food Delivered No 20.73 69.82 9.45 18.98 0.000 24.28 68.12 7.61 15.09 0.001 Yes 24.83 51.68 23.49 32.89 50.34 16.78 Personal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.) 15000 & Below 22.73 63.64 13.64 3.36 0.500 37.01 53.25 9.74 14.26 0.007 15000 - 25000 23.53 57.98 18.49 25.21 61.34 13.45 25000 & Above 20.53 67.55 11.92 19.08 71.05 9.87 Place of Work (District) Chennai 18.67 69.62 11.71 20.50 0.000 20.89 68.04 11.08 26.15 0.000 Other 32.41 45.37 22.22 45.87 44.04 10.09 Burnout Low/Medium 23.81 62.17 14.02 5.44 0.066 29.02 59.89 11.08 6.29 0.043 High 8.70 73.91 17.39 13.04 78.26 8.7 Anxiety Minimal/Mild 24.72 61.62 13.65 7.80 0.099 27.31 60.52 12.18 6.72 0.151 Moderate 23.00 63.00 14.00 32.67 61.39 5.94 Severe 7.55 73.58 18.87 16.98 69.81 13.21 Depression Minimal/Mild 21.99 64.32 13.69 1.08 0.898 26.86 62.81 10.33 2.95 0.567 Moderate 24.56 60.53 14.91 31.58 56.14 12.28 Moderate Severe/Severe 18.84 65.22 15.94 21.74 68.12 10.14 # The sites mentioned here are in chronological order as depicted in Fig 1. Table 3, Injury sustained during the last 12 months (n=425) Name of the variable Categories No Injury Injury on one site of the body Injury on Two and more sites of the body Chi-2 P-Value Age 25 & Below 71.9 14.1 14.1 2.89 0.823 26-29 73.8 12.2 14.0 30-34 66.3 18.8 14.9 35 & Above 67.4 14.6 18.0 Educational Status Secondary OR Below 72.4 13.8 13.8 0.41 0.982 Higher Secondary OR Diploma 68.2 15.5 16.3 Graduate OR Post-graduate 70.6 14.7 14.7 Currently Student No 69.5 13.8 16.7 4.76 0.092 Yes 72.7 19.5 7.8 Marital Status Unmarried/Widowed/Other 69.5 14.6 15.9 0.29 0.866 Married 70.9 15.1 14.1 Migrant Status No 68.0 15.8 16.3 0.85 0.652 Yes 72.1 14.0 14.0 Household Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.) 10000 & Below 71.6 13.5 14.9 6.17 0.187 10000-15000 75.0 9.8 15.2 15000 & Above 63.6 21.2 15.3 Substance Abuse No 69.8 14.7 15.6 0.09 0.954 Yes 70.5 15.0 14.5 Job Status Part-time 70.8 17.5 11.7 2.10 0.350 Full time 69.8 13.8 16.4 Years of Experience 1 Year & Below 74.2 18.0 7.8 9.43 0.051 1 Year - 2 Years 71.3 13.2 15.5 Above 2 Years 66.1 13.7 20.2 Skip Meal During Duty Hours No 70.2 19.9 9.9 7.30 0.026 Yes 70.1 12.3 17.6 Feel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform No 68.8 15.0 16.3 0.68 0.712 Yes 71.9 14.6 13.5 Feel Dehydration No 71.2 14.1 14.7 0.14 0.932 Yes 69.5 15.2 15.2 Tempted to Have Food Delivered No 70.3 13.0 16.7 3.04 0.219 Yes 69.8 18.1 12.1 Personal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.) 15000 & Below 68.2 16.9 14.9 2.51 0.643 15000 - 25000 68.9 16.8 14.3 25000 & Above 73.0 11.2 15.8 Place of Working (District) Chennai 71.5 13.3 15.2 2.31 0.315 Other 66.1 19.3 14.7 Burnout Low/Medium 70.5 15.3 14.3 2.13 0.345 High 67.4 10.9 21.7 Anxiety Minimal/Mild 73.1 15.1 11.8 6.30 0.178 Moderate 64.4 14.9 20.8 Severe 66.0 13.2 20.8 Depression Minimal/Mild 73.6 14.5 12.0 8.00 0.092 Moderate 70.2 14.0 15.8 Moderate Severe/Severe 58.0 17.4 24.6 Discussion The study estimated the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and injuries among app-based food delivery riders across several locations in Tamil Nadu India. These findings among motorcycle riders, particularly food delivery riders, align with several other studies conducted in various contexts around the world. However, studies assessing the factors and estimating the prevalence of Musculoskeletal pain are scarce. [8] The study found that the most frequent pain sites for both short and long-term food delivery riders are the lower back followed by the upper back and neck. Among the short- and long-distance industrial gas delivery drivers in Canada, the highest prevalence of long-term pain in the past 12 months was in the low back (21.1%), shoulders (20.3%), and neck (14.6%) and for the short-term pain the areas with the highest prevalence were also the low back (14.6%), shoulders (13.8%), and neck (8.9%). [12] The prevalence is less among these drivers compared to the current study which might be due to different driving experiences in trucks and two-wheelers and the postural difference as well. Another study in China among 137 takeaway food riders in the catering industry found that the incidence of Musculoskeletal pain was 67.9%, with the highest prevalence in the neck (35.8%, 49/137) and shoulders (35.8%, 49/137), followed by the lower back (34.3%, 47/137), waist and thigh (34.3%, 47/137) and knee (28.5%, 39/137). [13] A Shanghai-based study among 657 takeaway riders found the overall prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) at 54.91% (n=361) in which the top three regions with the highest prevalence were shoulder, neck and knee as joint pains and the top regions with muscle pain were shoulder, upper arm and neck. [8] The findings from the current study and other studies around the world suggest that MSD among the takeaway drivers is a significant public health problem. [8] The most severely affected areas, such as the shoulders and neck, are consistent with the results observed among food delivery riders in China [8] and Malaysia [14], highlighting the global prevalence of these issues. In addition, the highest prevalence of low back pain in the current study aligns with similar findings among short-haul delivery drivers, where lower back pain is common but typically of short duration. [15] Furthermore, the study found that in a comparison of research on other occupational groups, such as taxi drivers and rideshare drivers in San Diego, a common thread emerged - the prevalence of muscle or joint pain most commonly centred in the lower back and neck regions. [16] Ambulance nurses also experience a high prevalence of chronic low back pain, which is similar to this study. This signifies a connection with travelling and is not necessarily connected with self-ridings as in the case of these ambulance nurses in China and is most clearly related to posture. Moreover, the strenuous nature of long-term bike riding jobs contributes to chronic pain in areas like the upper back, neck, and shoulders. These findings are consistent with the challenges faced by ambulance nurses due to their physically demanding work. [17] The study also found that knees, ankles and wrists are the most common sites of injury among the food delivery riders. A similar study among 173 food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu found that 32.36% (n=56) met with accidents while on the job.[7] A study among 809 food delivery riders in Thailand found the prevalence of accidents at 35.1% (n=284) and found that the riders who ride more than 16 rounds per day are significantly associated with accidents. [18] A Chinese study among 32 food delivery riders who are completely dependent on this occupation reported the prevalence of injury at 90.6% (n=29) compared to those who are partially dependent (50%, 2 of 4). [19] A scoping review that assessed the injuries of food delivery riders found that the most common injuries are lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries and identified 23 key risk factors of injuries in which younger age, lack of driving experience, time-pressured work and lack of protective gear are the major factors. [20] Skipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries. A South Korean study also found similar findings in which temporary workers are more likely to skip meals than those of permanent workers, especially lunch. [21] It is commonly known that eating irregularly harms health because missing meals has been linked to poorer nutritional quality and fewer purchases of healthy foods. [22, 23] This results in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues. [24, 25] It's interesting to note that, when irregularity is further broken down, sporadic irregular eating patterns may contribute to a greater number of medical and psychological conditions by altering metabolic and anxiolytic characteristics, which in turn may have an impact on daily activity levels because food availability cannot be reliably predicted. [26] This understanding that irregular eating patterns might result in hypoglycaemia, electrolyte imbalance, psychological stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue [27], all of which are preludes to musculoskeletal injuries, was further supported by a research conducted on surgeons. These preliminary findings in workers must be validated in subsequent research. Thus, it is plausible that individual lifestyle choices, particularly adherence to a nutritious diet, have a substantial impact on the health of delivery drivers. As such, mandatory mealtime policies should be actively promoted to lower the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. The study further found that dehydration and substance use are significantly associated with long and short-term pains among these riders. Dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalance and is a predominant precursor of musculoskeletal pain. [28] Misuse of substances can also lead to chronic pain as found out through studies. Studies report a critical role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction, an overlapping brain area associated with the regulation of pain and stress which is affected by substance use and acts as a key risk factor of developing pain. [29] This probably explains the prevalence of both short and long-term pain among the food delivery riders in the current study. There are several limitations of this study. Firstly being a descriptive cross-sectional study it could not establish the causality. Secondly, the study used the standard (without customisation) Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the data were collected based on the participants’ self-reported responses, which posed a potential recall bias as participants were asked about their long-term pain histories. This might have led to the overestimation or underestimation of the association of exposure and outcome. Thirdly the study could not delve into the confounding factors and their impact owing to the descriptive nature of the study. Conclusion Research in the area of assessing the pain and injuries among food delivery riders is minimal and the present study, notably, extends the understanding of the health impact of full-time food delivery work by revealing a high prevalence of physical pain, particularly in the lower back. This underscores the urgent need to address these musculoskeletal issues to protect the well-being of workers in the industry. The consistency of these findings across various studies underscores the importance of prioritizing the health and safety of workers in professions that involve extended periods of driving or riding, both in the gig economy and other sectors. Declarations Funding : No funding was received for this research. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests : No conflict of interest. Data availability : Data can be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author Code availability : Not applicable. Authors' contributions : Concepts, design - Benson Thomas M, Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A, Krupalakshme M. Literature search, data Analysis - Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A, Krupalakshme M. Manuscript preparation - Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A, Krupalakshme M., Janmejaya Samal. 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Diet quality is lower for those who skip lunch among a sample of predominantly black adolescents. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2021;35(5):694–7. McCurley JL, Levy DE, Dashti HS, Gelsomin E, Anderson E, Sonnenblick R, Rimm EB, Thorndike AN. Association of employees’ meal skipping patterns with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and cardiometabolic risk: A secondary analysis from the ChooseWell 365 trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022;122(1):110–20. Tahara Y, Makino S, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Iwai T, Aono M, Shibata S. Association between irregular meal timing and the mental health of Japanese workers. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2775. Buyukkurt A, Bourguignon C, Antinora C, Farquhar E, Gao X, Passarella E, Sibthorpe D, Gou K, Saury S, Beaulieu S, Storch KF. Irregular eating patterns associate with hypomanic symptoms in bipolar disorders. Nutritional Neuroscience. 2021;24(1):23–34. Murphy M, Mercer JG. Intermittent Feeding Schedules—Behavioural Consequences and Potential Clinical Significance. Nutrients. 2014;6(3):985–1002. Hwang BY, Mampre D, Boesch JR, Huang J, Anderson WS. Total fasting and dehydration in the operating room: how can surgeons survive and thrive?. Journal of surgical education. 2021;78(4):1295–304. Cleary MA, Sitler MR, Kendrick ZV. Dehydration and symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness in normothermic men. Journal of athletic training. 2006;41(1):36. Schaffer J, Fogelman N, Seo D, Sinha R. Chronic pain, chronic stress and substance use: overlapping mechanisms and implications. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2023;4:1145934. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 22 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 17 Sep, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Sep, 2024 First submitted to journal 06 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5046748","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":385269864,"identity":"55b16a8e-5c50-40f5-b69d-236ab80889d8","order_by":0,"name":"Benson Thomas M","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benson","middleName":"Thomas","lastName":"M","suffix":""},{"id":385269865,"identity":"5eca7c77-89db-4aad-beab-72a878185833","order_by":1,"name":"Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Narrain","middleName":"Shree","lastName":"Sathiyarajeswaran","suffix":""},{"id":385269866,"identity":"04358b56-c7ac-47e3-ba0c-81e6d300ca38","order_by":2,"name":"R. Radhakrishnan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"","lastName":"Radhakrishnan","suffix":""},{"id":385269867,"identity":"4264b9a1-8006-4ec2-82e0-1cb03190baaf","order_by":3,"name":"Abdul Gaffoor A","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdul","middleName":"Gaffoor","lastName":"A","suffix":""},{"id":385269868,"identity":"5fbaa482-196d-4891-8b53-c4b9f4e4c02e","order_by":4,"name":"M. Krupalakshme","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"","lastName":"Krupalakshme","suffix":""},{"id":385269869,"identity":"7530f3ed-3a6a-4136-adcf-cd13d6ffa4ac","order_by":5,"name":"Janmejaya Samal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYQycPAwA+iExigZAIxWiQbwIoNCGuBA4MDEIqBoHrm9rNHN3yQsbM3Pn/26YYHf/4w8LPnGDA83IHHYT15aTdn8CQnbruRbnYjsc2AQbLnjQFD4hl8fskxu83Dw5xgdoON7UZigwGDwQ2gLYlteLT0vzG7/Yen3t64/xjbjYQ/Bgz2BLXMANrCwHOYcQNDGlALG9AWCYJa3pjd7OE5njjjBlBLYpsxj8SZZwUH8Gkx7M8xu/Gzp9qeH+iwmz/+yMnxtydvfPgTn5YGkFU9CAEeEHEAtwYGBnkw+QOfklEwCkbBKBjxAADZ+VOAhQEH5gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Janmejaya","middleName":"","lastName":"Samal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-07 02:51:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":72331812,"identity":"b80120e1-fd2f-44b5-b859-10404c6f87d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-25 14:40:11","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":164627,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTimeline of research\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5046748/v1/48e97a11bb48910ed4f33436.jpg"},{"id":72331810,"identity":"377db4f1-0675-4f30-bb49-e20bc9857423","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-25 14:40:11","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":14147,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBody map of musculoskeletal pain as assessed through the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5046748/v1/774716616134e843c599bf11.jpg"},{"id":72331811,"identity":"9e2331f1-0546-42d8-b0c2-80351053dd5d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-25 14:40:11","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":170123,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTrouble suffered for the last 12 months \u0026amp; last 7 days (n= 425)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5046748/v1/83671f0a14832aa994425e7a.jpg"},{"id":72332043,"identity":"d787a382-9a7e-441a-b5d1-4352617c121d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-25 14:48:11","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":127124,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrevalence of injuries as per the sites of the body\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5046748/v1/c00410623987f16caf1aae35.jpg"},{"id":72332335,"identity":"6832c956-6da5-44a4-83f0-cbf7d3fdf900","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-25 14:56:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1430533,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5046748/v1/b0dacdde-66f2-467d-9a91-894a994dd8d1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the App-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRecent years have seen a sharp increase in the food delivery industry due to shifting customer preferences, technological advancements, and the rise of third-party delivery services.\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c/sup\u003e The global market for online food delivery is predicted to grow from \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e115.07\u0026nbsp;billion in 2020 to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e223.77\u0026nbsp;billion in 2025, according to a 2022 Statista analysis.\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c/sup\u003e The International Labor Organization Report 2021 states that the growth of the food delivery industry has given gig riders like food delivery riders new job opportunities.\u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c/sup\u003e The challenge of estimating the number of platform riders and the difficulties in formulating policies around them owing to a lack of data was brought forth by NITI Aayog in 2022. There has been much discussion about platform riders, particularly those who transport food, and their pay, benefits, employment status, social security, health insurance, and other benefits.\u003csup\u003e[4]\u003c/sup\u003e Mostly the food delivery riders do not get hired as full-time employees like any other sharing economy sector and are considered interchangeable or \u0026ldquo;gig riders\u0026rdquo; by food delivery companies.\u003csup\u003e[5]\u003c/sup\u003e According to Janata Daily, food delivery riders make between Rs. 15,000 and Rs. 20,000 a month. To make the high wage, these riders put in more than ten hours a day on average, six days a week. They must ride 150 kilometres a day to receive rewards, which forces them to put in more effort and stay on the road for extended periods. The incentives are also connected to how quickly those delivery personnel complete their tasks, which leads to reckless driving on their part and ultimately raises the risk of mishaps and injuries.\u003csup\u003e[6]\u003c/sup\u003e According to a study conducted on the prevalence of road traffic accidents among food delivery riders in southern Chennai, 32.36% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;56) of the riders met with an accident while on the job.\u003csup\u003e[7]\u003c/sup\u003e Food delivery riders also frequently have physical health issues, such as body aches. Long-term employment as a food delivery worker and continuous bike riding above 51 km per day may be the risk factors for the development of body pain in delivery riders, according to a study conducted in Shanghai, China. \u003csup\u003e[8]\u003c/sup\u003e A systematic review among a total pooled population of 18 882 professional drivers found the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain ranged between 43.1% and 93%. The most frequently reported body region was the lower back for musculoskeletal pain with a meta-prevalence rate of 53% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9998). The other common regions with a high prevalence were neck, shoulder, and upper back. \u003csup\u003e[9]\u003c/sup\u003e With this background, a cross-sectional study was conducted among the food-delivery riders in Tamil Nadu to assess the factors and estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among them.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Design:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The Fig 1 depicts the timeline of the research.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Setting:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe study was conducted among food delivery riders across different parts of Tamil Nadu;\u0026nbsp;Chennai, Coimbatore, Villupuram, and\u0026nbsp;Cuddalore. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy sample:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eFood delivery riders\u0026nbsp;aged\u0026nbsp;18-60\u0026nbsp;years providing service in Tamil Nadu.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig no 1,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTimeline of research\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample size:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePrevalence is assumed to be 50 % since it is unknown with 95% CI, and 5% margin error Sample size (n) is calculated as,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;(z^2\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;p\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;(1-p))\u0026nbsp;/ (e^2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esubstituting,\u0026nbsp;n\u0026nbsp;=\u0026nbsp;(1.96^2\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;0.5\u0026nbsp;*\u0026nbsp;(1-0.5))\u0026nbsp;/\u0026nbsp;(0.05^2)\u0026nbsp;= 385\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ewith an assumption of 10% rejection rate; n = 385 + 39 = 424 which rounded off\u0026nbsp;to 425.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion and exclusion criteria:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e Men\u0026nbsp;who\u0026nbsp;are\u0026nbsp;aged\u0026nbsp;18-60\u0026nbsp;yearswith a minimum of 3 months of experience as a delivery rider with any of the app-based food delivery platforms were included in the study. The delivery riders who have a history of musculoskeletal disorders and are not using motorcycles for food delivery were excluded from the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy tool:\u003c/strong\u003e The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used for this study. The questionnaire has two sections. Section 1 contains 40 forced-choice items that identify the areas of the body causing the musculoskeletal problems and the completion is aided by a body map to indicate nine symptom sites such as neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, low back, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, knees and ankles/feet. In this, the participants were asked if they had any musculoskeletal problems in the last year and last week which has prevented them from normal activities. Similarly, section 2 contains 25 forced-choice questions related to the neck, the shoulders and the lower back further detailing the relevant issues and eliciting any accidents affecting each area, functional impact at home and work (change of job or duties), duration of the problem, assessment by a health professional and musculoskeletal problems in the past 7 days.\u003csup\u003e[10]\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData collection method: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe data collection was carried out by meeting the food delivery riders in person across different parts of Tamil Nadu. The study participants were briefed about the objectives of the study in the local language and informed consent was obtained from each of the study participants before the administration of the questionnaire. The investigators approached several food corners across study sites and the participants were recruited conveniently for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTimeline of data collection:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe data collection was carried out during June- July 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData cleaning was done using Microsoft Excel and tables were constructed. Descriptive and Analytical tables were constructed in Excel. Further categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-Square test in STATA (SE Standard Edition-17, developed by STATA Cop, Texas 77845, USA). The chi-squared test was deemed appropriate due to the large sample size and categorical variables. It further helped to assess the independence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e: The study proposal was approved on April 26, 2023, by the Institutional Ethical Committee of SRMIST (Deemed University). Written informed consent was obtained from each of the study participants.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOf the 425 delivery riders, the mean (SD) age of the participants was 29.93(6.926) and the riders aged between 26 and 30 years formed the largest percentage (33.88%) followed by 18 to 25 years (30.12%). The marital status includes 46.8% married, 48.7% unmarried and 3.8% identified as Divorced/ Separated. Among the food delivery riders, 12.71% have less than one year of experience, the majority, comprising 47.76%, possess one to two years of experience, 34.59% have accumulated more than two years up to five years of experience, and a small fraction of 4.94% boasts over five years of experience Other demographic and occupational details of the study participants were represented in table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCharacteristics of the study participants (n=425)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"557\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategories\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentages\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30-34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducational Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary OR Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher secondary OR Diploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduate OR Post-graduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrently Student\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMigrant Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000-15000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubstance Abuse\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJob Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePart-time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFull time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears of Experience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year - 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkip Meal During Duty Hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Dehydration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTempted to Have Food Delivered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 - 25000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of Working (District)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChennai\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurnout\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow/Medium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e271\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 198px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate Severe/Severe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain the study utilized a rigorously validated Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire, differentiating between chronic and acute manifestations of bodily pain. Furthermore, the research also delved into the rates of injuries sustained by food delivery riders. Figure 2 depicts the body map [11] of pain and injuries that the food delivery riders sustained in different body parts. Fig 3 illustrates the site of trouble due to short-term and long-term pain that prevented them from working because of pain. Fig 4 illustrates the prevalence of injuries at different sites of the body of the study participants. \u0026nbsp;The prevalence of short-term and long-term pain along with the association of pain with socio-demographic, occupational and mental health variables is mentioned in Table 2. The educational status, substance abuse, job status, years of experience, dehydration, temptation to have food delivered, and place of work are significantly associated with long-term pain. Age, current student, marital status, substance abuse, dehydration, the temptation to have food delivered, place of work, and burnout are significantly associated with short-term pain. Similarly, substance use, feeling dehydrated and place of work are significantly associated with both long and short-term pains. Table 3 depicts the prevalence of injuries in which skipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig 2.\u003c/strong\u003e Body map of musculoskeletal pain as assessed through the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e# Source: Iridiastadi dan Yassierli, 2015\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 3:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTrouble suffered for the last 12 months \u0026amp; last 7 days (n= 425)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 4:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePrevalence of injuries as per the sites of the body\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2,\u003c/strong\u003e Trouble in body parts because of short-term pain (last 7 days)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"985\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 378px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShort term Pain\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 314px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLong Term pain\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategories\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo Trouble\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrouble on 1-4 sites of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrouble on 5-9 sites of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChi-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-Value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo Trouble\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrouble on 1-4 sites of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrouble on 5-9 sites of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChi-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-Value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30-34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducational Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary OR Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.032\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH-Secondary OR Diploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduate OR Post-graduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrently Student\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Widowed/Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMigrant Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.838\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000-15000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubstance Abuse\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.032\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJob Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePart-time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFull time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears of Experience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.021\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year - 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkip Meal During Duty Hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.925\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.374\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Dehydration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTempted to Have Food Delivered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.007\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 - 25000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of Work (District)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChennai\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurnout\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow/Medium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.043\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 165px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate Severe/Severe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e#\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe sites mentioned here are in chronological order as depicted in Fig 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eInjury sustained during the last 12 months (n=425)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"669\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the variable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategories\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo Injury\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInjury on one site of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInjury on Two and more sites of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChi-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-Value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.823\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30-34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducational Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary OR Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.982\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher Secondary OR Diploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduate OR Post-graduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrently Student\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnmarried/Widowed/Other\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.866\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMigrant Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.652\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold Monthly Per Capita Income (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000-15000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubstance Abuse\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJob Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePart-time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFull time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears of Experience\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 Year - 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 2 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSkip Meal During Duty Hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.026\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Discomfort at Wearing Uniform\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeel Dehydration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTempted to Have Food Delivered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePersonal Monthly Income from Food Delivery (in Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 \u0026amp; Below\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15000 - 25000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25000 \u0026amp; Above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlace of Working (District)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChennai\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBurnout\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow/Medium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.345\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimal/Mild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate Severe/Severe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study estimated the prevalence of\u0026nbsp;musculoskeletal pain and injuries among app-based food delivery riders across several locations in Tamil Nadu India. These\u0026nbsp;findings among motorcycle riders, particularly food delivery riders, align with several other studies conducted in various contexts around the world. However, studies assessing the factors and estimating the prevalence of Musculoskeletal pain are scarce. [8] \u0026nbsp; The study found that the most frequent pain sites for both short and long-term food delivery riders are the lower back followed by the upper back and neck. Among the short- and long-distance\u0026nbsp;industrial gas delivery drivers in Canada, the highest prevalence of long-term pain in the past 12 months was in the low back (21.1%), shoulders (20.3%), and neck (14.6%) and for the short-term pain the areas with the highest prevalence were also the low back (14.6%), shoulders (13.8%), and neck (8.9%). [12] The prevalence is less among these drivers compared to the current study which might be due to different driving experiences in trucks and two-wheelers and the postural difference as well. Another study in China among 137 takeaway food riders in the catering industry found that the incidence of\u0026nbsp;Musculoskeletal pain was 67.9%, with the highest prevalence in the neck (35.8%, 49/137) and shoulders (35.8%, 49/137), followed by the lower back (34.3%, 47/137), waist and thigh (34.3%, 47/137) and knee (28.5%, 39/137). [13] A Shanghai-based study among 657 takeaway riders found the overall prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) at 54.91% (n=361) in which the top three regions with the highest prevalence were shoulder, neck and knee as joint pains and the top regions with muscle pain were shoulder, upper arm and neck. [8] The findings from the current study and other studies around the world suggest that MSD among the takeaway drivers is a significant public health problem. [8]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most severely affected areas, such as the shoulders and neck, are consistent with the results observed among food delivery riders in China [8] and\u0026nbsp;Malaysia [14], highlighting the global prevalence of these issues.\u0026nbsp;In addition, the highest prevalence of low back pain in the current study aligns with similar findings among short-haul delivery drivers, where lower back pain is common but typically of short duration. [15] Furthermore, the study found that in a comparison of research on other occupational groups, such as taxi drivers and\u0026nbsp;rideshare drivers in San\u0026nbsp;Diego,\u0026nbsp;a common thread\u0026nbsp;emerged - the prevalence\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;muscle\u0026nbsp;or joint pain\u0026nbsp;most commonly\u0026nbsp;centred\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;the lower\u0026nbsp;back\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;neck\u0026nbsp;regions. [16]\u0026nbsp;Ambulance\u0026nbsp;nurses\u0026nbsp;also\u0026nbsp;experience a\u0026nbsp;high prevalence of chronic\u0026nbsp;low back\u0026nbsp;pain, which is similar to this study. This signifies a connection with travelling and is not necessarily connected with self-ridings as in the case of these ambulance nurses in China and is most clearly related to posture. \u0026nbsp; Moreover, \u0026nbsp;the strenuous nature of long-term bike riding jobs contributes to chronic pain in areas like the upper back, neck, and shoulders. These\u0026nbsp;findings\u0026nbsp;are consistent with the challenges faced by\u0026nbsp;ambulance nurses due to their physically\u0026nbsp;demanding work. [17]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study also found that knees, ankles and wrists are the most common sites of injury among the food delivery riders. A similar study among 173 food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu found that 32.36% (n=56) met with accidents while on the job.[7] \u0026nbsp;A study among 809 food delivery riders in Thailand found the prevalence of accidents at 35.1% (n=284) and found that the riders who ride more than 16 rounds per day are significantly associated with accidents. [18] A Chinese study among 32 food delivery riders who are completely dependent on this occupation reported the prevalence of injury at 90.6% (n=29) compared to those who are partially dependent (50%, 2 of 4). [19] A scoping review that assessed the injuries of food delivery riders found that the most common injuries are lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries and identified 23 key risk factors of injuries in which younger age, lack of driving experience, time-pressured work and lack of protective gear are the major factors. [20]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSkipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries. A South Korean study also found similar findings in which temporary workers are more likely to skip meals than those of permanent workers, especially lunch. [21] It is commonly known that eating irregularly harms health because missing meals has been linked to poorer nutritional quality and fewer purchases of healthy foods. [22, 23] This results in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental health issues. [24, 25] It\u0026apos;s interesting to note that, when irregularity is further broken down, sporadic irregular eating patterns may contribute to a greater number of medical and psychological conditions by altering metabolic and anxiolytic characteristics, which in turn may have an impact on daily activity levels because food availability cannot be reliably predicted. [26] This understanding that irregular eating patterns might result in hypoglycaemia, electrolyte imbalance, psychological stress, sleep deprivation, and fatigue [27], all of which are preludes to musculoskeletal injuries, was further supported by a research conducted on surgeons. These preliminary findings in workers must be validated in subsequent research. Thus, it is plausible that individual lifestyle choices, particularly adherence to a nutritious diet, have a substantial impact on the health of delivery drivers. As such, mandatory mealtime policies should be actively promoted to lower the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. The study further found that dehydration and substance use are significantly associated with long and short-term pains among these riders. Dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalance and is a predominant precursor of musculoskeletal pain. [28] Misuse of substances can also lead to chronic pain as found out through studies. Studies report a critical role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction, an overlapping brain area associated with the regulation of pain and stress which is affected by substance use and acts as a key risk factor of developing pain. [29] This probably explains the prevalence of both short and long-term pain among the food delivery riders in the current study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are several limitations of this study. Firstly being a descriptive cross-sectional study it could not establish the causality. Secondly, the study used the standard (without customisation) Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the data were collected based on the participants\u0026rsquo; self-reported responses, which posed a potential recall bias as participants were asked about their long-term pain histories. \u0026nbsp;This might have led to the overestimation or underestimation of the association of exposure and outcome. Thirdly the study could not delve into the confounding factors and their impact owing to the descriptive nature of the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eResearch in the area of assessing the pain and injuries among food delivery riders is minimal and the present study, notably, extends the understanding of the health impact of full-time food delivery work by revealing a high prevalence of physical pain, particularly in the lower back. This underscores the urgent need to address these musculoskeletal issues to protect the well-being of workers in the industry. The consistency of these findings across various studies underscores the importance of prioritizing the health and safety of workers in professions that involve extended periods of driving or riding, both in the gig economy and other sectors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e: No funding was received for this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest/Competing interests\u003c/strong\u003e: No conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;Data can be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode availability\u003c/strong\u003e: Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcepts, design\u003c/strong\u003e - Benson Thomas M, Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A,\u0026nbsp;Krupalakshme M.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiterature search, data Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e - Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A,\u0026nbsp;Krupalakshme M.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManuscript preparation\u003c/strong\u003e- Narrain Shree Sathiyarajeswaran, R.Radhakrishnan, Abdul Gaffoor A,\u0026nbsp;Krupalakshme M., Janmejaya Samal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eManuscript editing, and manuscript review\u003c/strong\u003e-\u0026nbsp;Benson Thomas M, Janmejaya Samal\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMeena P, Kumar G. 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Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST). 2022;5(2):52\u0026ndash;60.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkunribido OO, Magnusson M, Pope M. Delivery drivers and low-back pain: a study of the exposures to posture demands, manual materials handling and whole-body vibration. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2006;36(3):265\u0026ndash;73.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCaban-Martinez AJ, Santiago KM, Feliciano PL, Ogunsina K, Kling H, Griffin K, Solle NS. Acute musculoskeletal pain reported among rideshare drivers in the health/safety investigation among non-standard workers in the gig economy (HINGE) pilot study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2020;62(5):e236-9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang Q, Dong H, Zhu C, Liu G. 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Intermittent Feeding Schedules\u0026mdash;Behavioural Consequences and Potential Clinical Significance. Nutrients. 2014;6(3):985\u0026ndash;1002.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHwang BY, Mampre D, Boesch JR, Huang J, Anderson WS. Total fasting and dehydration in the operating room: how can surgeons survive and thrive?. Journal of surgical education. 2021;78(4):1295\u0026ndash;304.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCleary MA, Sitler MR, Kendrick ZV. Dehydration and symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness in normothermic men. Journal of athletic training. 2006;41(1):36.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchaffer J, Fogelman N, Seo D, Sinha R. Chronic pain, chronic stress and substance use: overlapping mechanisms and implications. Frontiers in Pain Research. 2023;4:1145934.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-social-science-and-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diss","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Social Science and Health](https://www.springer.com/journal/44155)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Social Science and Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Body pain, Gig economy, Injuries, Online food delivery, Third-party delivery platforms","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of pain, discomfort, and injuries among app-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 app-based male food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu. The data was collected from June to July 2023 using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to assess physical pain, discomfort, and injuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong 425 food delivery riders chronic pain persisting over 12 months is prevalent among food delivery riders, notably affecting the lower back (49.18%), upper back (39.53%), neck (28.71%), and shoulders (26.12%). Short-term pain was reported by 56% of the respondents in the lower back in the last week. Substance use, dehydration, and work location are significantly associated with long- and short-term pains. The knees, Ankles and wrists are the most common body sites of injuries and skipping meals during duty hours is significantly associated with injuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch in the area of assessing the pain and injuries among food delivery riders is minimal. The present study, notably, extends the understanding of the health impact of full-time food delivery work by revealing a high prevalence of physical pain, particularly in the lower back.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the App-based food delivery riders in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-25 14:40:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5046748/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-12-02T16:01:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-01T12:08:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"33526127370064335351676148203696908843","date":"2024-11-29T00:12:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-23T03:41:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"261474587963136687010657159709846496905","date":"2024-11-18T02:56:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"7479744325765005474937306296508423664","date":"2024-11-16T11:50:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"226406626983703779136870673963624425376","date":"2024-10-30T11:22:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-10-30T03:38:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-09-17T06:51:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-09-14T08:40:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Social Science and Health","date":"2024-09-07T02:49:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-social-science-and-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"diss","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Social Science and Health](https://www.springer.com/journal/44155)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Social Science and Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"49483e80-8ddd-4635-ac81-6cbb4552032e","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 25th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-03T05:38:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-25 14:40:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5046748","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5046748","identity":"rs-5046748","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}