Dealing with Wolves and Livestock Protection Measures in the Alps: Perspectives about Farmers and Shepherds Knowledge and Perceptions

Abstract The current study aims at understanding the reasons behind herd protection measures rejection or approval among shepherds and livestock farmers in selected regions of the Alps. Through semi-structured interviews, the study examines the sources of knowledge and perceptions of target groups toward wolves and livestock protection. Furthermore, the study explores the problems related to the implementation of herd protection measures and to the exercise of the shepherd’s profession. The results clearly show multiple challenges related to livestock protection and farming that go beyond the sole problem of wolf presence. Key results highlight the general distrust of farmers towards official authorities or NGOs and the importance of peer-to-peer information for experience-based knowledge creation. Additionally, the potential social pressure within groups, and the need to support farmers and shepherds willing to adapt protection measures on a larger scale must be considered in future management actions.