Fabrication of the reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon composite modified by PbSO 4 as ternary additive to negative plate of lead acid battery

Fabrication of the reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon composite modified by PbSO 4 as ternary additive to negative plate of lead acid battery | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fabrication of the reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon composite modified by PbSO 4 as ternary additive to negative plate of lead acid battery Chung-Nam Ri, Jin-Chon Ri, Min-Ung Jon This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4640920/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this paper reduced graphene oxide/Activated Carbon(rGO/AC, GAC) composite modified by PbSO 4 (PbSO 4 -rGO/AC, PGAC) as the additive to Negative Active Material(NAM) of Lead Acid Battery(LAB) was fabricated and its effect on High Rate Partial State of Charge(HRPSoC) cycle life was investigated. To fabricate PGAC, the powder of AC was added to graphene oxide suspension and reduced by glucose. GAC powder was immersed in Pb 2+ solution to allow ion exchange and the final product PGAC composite was obtained. X ray Diffration (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) was used for the structural characterization of the PGAC and electrochemical measurement was carried out by using Cyclic Voltametry(CV), Linear Sweep Voltametry(LSV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge(GCD). The results showed that the addition of PGAC composite(PbSO4:GAC= 26:74 wt. ratio) to NAM at 2wt.% increased HRPSoC cycle life by 343% from 14768 to 65477. reduced graphene oxide activated carbon Negative Active Material HRPSoC cycle life hydrogen evolution inhibitor Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4640920","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":322962916,"identity":"741b5a16-80b5-4509-aef5-1273f636c387","order_by":0,"name":"Chung-Nam Ri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABB0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSD+UIEpmIBXC+OMM6RqYeZtI0UL/+zmoxt4591L7Jduv/bgZ06dvDkD88HbPAxpeTgtuXMs7YbktuLEmXPOlBv2bjtsuLOBLdmahyGnGJcWA4kcsxuG2xISN9zISZPg3XaAccMBHjNpHoaKxAacWvK/3UicA9Ei+Xdbnf2GA/zfCGjJYbtxsAGkJf2YNO825kSgLWxALTk4tUjcSDO72XAswXjmjBw2adlth5M3HGYztpxjkIbTL/wzkp/d/lOTINsvkf5M8u22OtsNx5sf3nhTkYwzxGDAsYGBxwDCZAY7GF9cQoA9AwP7AxQRglpGwSgYBaNgxAAAYyZdWI0F2IMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Kim Il-sung University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chung-Nam","middleName":"","lastName":"Ri","suffix":""},{"id":322962917,"identity":"3d5d7d48-b100-4e26-aa66-34691771a485","order_by":1,"name":"Jin-Chon Ri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kim Il-sung University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin-Chon","middleName":"","lastName":"Ri","suffix":""},{"id":322962918,"identity":"9737f5ab-1e02-4ad8-aa1c-5dffa7344eb0","order_by":2,"name":"Min-Ung Jon","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kim Il-sung University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Min-Ung","middleName":"","lastName":"Jon","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-26 07:58:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4640920/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4640920/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64926042,"identity":"e4b6dfb6-346b-4597-9f6a-748a24c65f41","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-20 12:50:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1127925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RiManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4640920/v1_covered_9dee0df6-a919-47ae-a228-43a6a76ce0e5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Fabrication of the reduced graphene oxide/activated carbon composite modified by PbSO 4 as ternary additive to negative plate of lead acid battery","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"reduced graphene oxide, activated carbon, Negative Active Material, HRPSoC, cycle life, hydrogen evolution inhibitor","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4640920/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4640920/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this paper reduced graphene oxide/Activated Carbon(rGO/AC, GAC) composite modified by PbSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e(PbSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e-rGO/AC, PGAC) as the additive to Negative Active Material(NAM) of Lead Acid Battery(LAB) was fabricated and its effect on High Rate Partial State of Charge(HRPSoC) cycle life was investigated. To fabricate PGAC, the powder of AC was added to graphene oxide suspension and reduced by glucose. GAC powder was immersed in Pb\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e solution to allow ion exchange and the final product PGAC\u003csub\u003e \u003c/sub\u003ecomposite was obtained. X ray Diffration (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) was used for the structural characterization of the PGAC and electrochemical measurement was carried out by using Cyclic Voltametry(CV), Linear Sweep Voltametry(LSV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge(GCD). 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