A New Centrality Measure and Visualization Technique Using Multiple-Parent Nodes of Earthquakes Based on Correlation-Metric

In this paper, we address the problem of earthquake declus-tering, and propose a k-nearest neighbors approach based on the selection of multiple-parent nodes with respect to each of the given earthquakes , which can be regarded as a natural extension of the conventional correlation-metric method based on the selection of a single-parent node. Based on this approach, we develop a new centrality measure that exploits link weight assigned by a logarithmic-distance scheme and a new technique of individually visualizing each set of child nodes with respect to given target earthquakes. For experimental evaluation, we used an earthquake catalog covering Japan and selected 24 earthquakes that caused considerable damage or casualties. We first show that our proposed centrality measure using a logarithmic-distance scheme can rank these 24 major earthquakes higher than four link-weighting schemes (i.e., uniform, magnitude, inverse-distance, and normalized-inverse-distance weighting) and conventional single-parent selection. We then show that unlike the conventional approach to simultaneously visualizing all the events in the catalog, our proposed technique can produce a naturally interpretable classification result for these 24 major earthquakes, by individually visualizing each set of the first to k-th child nodes with different colored markers plotted in the directly interpretable spatio and temporal metrics. As a consequence, we confirm that our approach based on multiple-parent selection is vital and promising.