Knowledge and Perception of Hypertension Among Academic Staff of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Knowledge and Perception of Hypertension Among Academic Staff of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Knowledge and Perception of Hypertension Among Academic Staff of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Precious Ebube Anyakorah, David Chinaecherem Innocent, Chiamaka Judith Ezenwa, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Discover Public Health → Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent chronic health condition that poses significant risks to individuals and public health. It is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes, and is associated with various complications. Academics, who play a crucial role in the education and development of students, are not exempted from the potential impact of hypertension on their health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and perception of hypertension among academic staff at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), in Imo State. A descriptive cross sectional study design was employed for the study, A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection of the study and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for the analysis of the study.A total of 333 participants were included in the study. The findings revealed that the majority of participants (95.0%) were familiar with the term "hypertension," and 78.4% correctly identified the normal range for blood pressure in adults as 120/80 mmHg. However, there were some misconceptions, with 10.4% providing an incorrect response. The perception of hypertension as a serious health condition was high, with 77.7% of participants agreeing or strongly agreeing. Participants recognized the potential complications of untreated hypertension (72.9%) and the importance of regular exercise (62.1%) and maintaining a healthy diet (61.3%) in managing hypertension. However, there were variations in the adoption of preventive practices, with only 33.5% reporting always consuming a healthy diet and 10.9% always engaging in regular exercise. The study also found a significant relationship between knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of hypertension (p = 0.0020). These findings highlight the importance of targeted educational programs and interventions to improve knowledge and promote healthy practices among academic staff at FUTO. Such initiatives can contribute to better hypertension prevention and management, leading to improved health outcomes among the academic community. Hypertension academic staff knowledge perception preventive practices awareness misconceptions FUTO Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 1.0 Introduction Commonly referred to as high blood pressure, hypertension is still a major public health issue confronting society globally. After smoking and hunger, it ranks third among all causes of death worldwide ( 1 ). The complex interaction of environmental and genetic elements determines the condition ( 2 ). Although the precise genetic causes are still mostly unknown, obesity, too much alcohol, physical inactivity, poor diets, and stress are among several well-known environmental and behavioural factors ( 3 ). The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that, based on a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥ 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hypertension affects around 86 million persons (34%), in the United States ( 4 ). Globally, increased blood pressure is thought to be responsible for 75 million deaths yearly ( 5 ). With lower rates of 35% found in high-income nations, the worldwide prevalence among individuals aged 25 years and above in 2008 was almost 40% ( 6 ). In Sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence ranges from 10.6% in Ethiopia to 26.9% in Ghana ( 7 ), while in Nigeria, it varies greatly from 8–46.4% depending on population and measuring parameters ( 8 ). Since knowledge is a fundamental need for efficient hypertension self-care, reliable assessment of hypertension knowledge is shown to be essential for determining those needing education ( 9 ). Many studies both locally and internationally have evaluated awareness levels. Oliveira et al. ( 10 ) found that although patients knew generally of hypertension as a disorder, they lacked thorough knowledge of its causes and treatment. According to Viera et al. ( 11 ), 26% of North Carolina's patients with hypertension were uninformed that the condition usually shows without symptoms. Comparatively, Mumtaz et al. ( 12 ) found that just 6% of people with hypertension knew about the disease's problems; Familoni et al. ( 13 ) noted that 24% of respondents were not aware of the causes of hypertension either. While participants in Imo State had good awareness, 53.3% of them thought the disease may be spiritually caused. Odelola et al. ( 14 ) reported in Nigeria just 37% of patients at a teaching hospital recognised that hypertension needs lifelong medication. Though generally good understanding of complications, Abudullahi and Amzat ( 15 ) also noted low knowledge of hypertension risk factors among university workers in Ibadan. Given this variable degree of knowledge, particularly among educated groups, information gaps and misconceptions around hypertension remain a major issue. Comprising professors, readers, senior lecturers, and lecturers between the ages of 25 and 60 years, the academic staff at Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) reflects a demographic most likely to lead sedentary lives and have higher risk of hypertension. Anecdotal accounts of mortality linked to hypertension among lecturers highlight even more the need of focused investigation in this group. While knowledge is the whole body of information and abilities gained from experience and education, perception is personal interpretation and meaning of health information. It is important to evaluate knowledge as well as perception since the latter greatly affects behaviour and inclination to follow preventive measures. Thus, the rationale for this study is the filling in the possible knowledge and perception gaps of hypertension among academic staff members of FUTO. Effective treatments and preventative actions abound, although Nigeria still suffers with inadequate control of hypertension, mostly due to low public knowledge ( 16 , 17 ). Achieving the Healthy People 2025 targets can remain elusive without better knowledge and education ( 18 ). This study aims to provide evidence that can direct the creation of focused health education and intervention programs to finally lower the prevalence and consequences of hypertension within this high-risk group by evaluating the present level of hypertension knowledge and awareness among FUTO academic staff. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge and perception of hypertension among academic staff in FUTO. 2.0 Methods 2.1 Study Design An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct this research. 2.2 Area of Study The study area was the Federal University of Technology Owerri. The Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) is a federal government university located in Owerri West, capital of Imo state. The University is bounded by the communities of Ihiagwa, Eziobodo and Umuchima. It is the premier federal university of technology in the South East and South-South parts of Nigeria. 2.3 Study Population The study was carried out among the Academic staff in FUTO. The population of all the staff in FUTO is 3993, but for the purpose of this study and to save cost too, it concentrated on the Academic staff of the university which was 1200. 2.4 Eligibility Criteria Inclusion Criteria i) Academic staff in FUTO who gave their consent for the study. ii) Academic staff of FUTO who has at least one year working experience. Exclusion Criteria i) Academics at FUTO who don’t have at least one year working experience during the time of the study. ii) Academics aged below 25 years . 2.5 Sample Size and Sampling Methods 2.5.1 Sample Size A sample size was calculated using the Taro Yamane formula This states that: Where; n =sample population N= total study population which 1200 e= error margin set at 5% which is 0.05 n=1200/1+ 1200(0.0025) n =1200/4 n= 300 The sample size was increased by 10% to avoid attrition bias occasioned by non-response nrr = n 1-nrr = 300 1-0.1 = 300 0.9 =333 Therefore, n = 333. Sampling Methods A multistage sampling technique was used for this study. S tage 1: There are nine (9) faculties in FUTO. The percentage that was used for this study was 44.4%, which consist of Four (4) faculties out of the total of nine (9) faculties in FUTO to give every faculty an equal chance of being selected through simple random sampling via balloting. Stage 2: Selection of Departments The total number of departments found in each faculty was obtained from the faculty portal to give every department an equal chance of being selected through simple random sampling via balloting. Stage 3: Selection of Respondents The total number of academic staff in each department that was selected for the study was obtained from the HOD’s office, which serves as the sampling frame to give every academic an equal chance of being selected via systematic random sampling. 2.6 Instruments for Data Collection The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire used to collect information on the knowledge and perception of FUTO academic staff towards hypertension. The questionnaire to the respondents. The questionnaire consists of four (4) sections which include; 2.7 Validity and Reliability of Instruments The study instrument was designed by the researcher, from a review of relevant litliterature (construct validity) and later submitted to the project supervisor for final review and correction to be made (face validity). This was done so that the instrument used for the study was appropriate and suitable for the phenomenon the study measured. A test-retest method was used to test for reliable the questionnaire is. The questionnaire was first be administered to 20 academic staff in another university, Imo State University to be precise which shares the same characteristics as the study area. This was done to check for reliability, appropriateness of format, wordings as well as time required to fill the questionnaire. The whole process was repeated one week later and the results w,ere scaled and cwilled for consistency using statistical software. At the end of the day, a reliability coefficient of 0.8 was obtained. 2.8 Method of Analysis The data obtained from the field during the course of the study was checked for completeness and consistency in response to the questions by the participants. The data was entered into the computer for data cleaning and consistency checks. The researcher edited, coded, classify and tabulate the data. The data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Statistical Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21. Descriptive data was presented as charts and simple frequency tables in percentages. 2.9 Ethical Consideration Ethical clearance was obtained from FUTO Department of Public Health Local Ethics Committee before this research was conducted. The purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and consent was obtained from them before inclusion in the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured. The confidentiality of the information they gave was also maintained. 3.0 Result A total of three hundred and fifty (350) copies of questionnaires were distributed for the study, three hundred and thirty-three (333) were retrieved. The retrieved copies of questionnaires were properly filled and cross-checked for correctness and were used for the purpose of this analysis. The response rate of this analysis was 97.9% (i.e. 333/350 *100) 3.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents Findings on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in the study were revealed in Table 1.0 below. In terms of age distribution, the majority of participants fell within the age groups of 45-54 (32.5%) and 35-44 (26.4%). Participants aged 25-34 accounted for 25.4% of the sample, while those aged 55 and above made up 15.5%. In terms of gender, the sample consisted of slightly more females (52.5%) than males (47.5%). Regarding ethnicity, the majority of participants identified as Igbo (75%), while smaller proportions identified as Yoruba (7.7%), Hausa (5.0%), Fulani (0%), or other ethnicities (12.3%). With respect to religion, Christianity was the predominant affiliation, with 83.4% of participants identifying as Christians. Muslim participants accounted for 9.3% of the sample, while a small percentage identified with other religions (5.6%) or traditional beliefs (1.7%). Majority of participants were married (81.4%), while a smaller proportion were single (10.2%), separated (2.2%), or widowed (6.1%). When considering rank or position, the distribution was as follows: Lecturer II (15.4%), Senior Lecturer (25.0%), Lecturer I (16.5%), Assistant Lecturer (24.7%), Professor (7.4%), and Reader (11.0%). Regarding healthcare insurance coverage, over half of the lecturers (52.9%) reported having a healthcare insurance plan, while 47.0% did not have such coverage. Table 1.0 Socio-demographic Characteristics Characteristics Frequency (n= 333 ) Percentage (%) Age 25 -34 85 25.4 35 – 44 88 26.4 45 – 54 108 32.5 55 and Above 52 15.5 Total 333 100 Gender Male 159 47.5 Female 174 52.5 Total 333 100 Ethnicity Igbo 249 75 Hausa 18 5.0 Yoruba 27 7.7 Fulani 0 0 Others 42 12.3 Total 333 100 Religion Christian 277 83.4 Muslim 31 9.3 Traditional 6 1.7 others 19 5.6 Total 333 100 Marital status Married 270 81.4 Single 33 10.2 Separated 6 2.2 Widowed 21 6.1 Total 333 100 Rank / Position Professor 25 7.4 Reader 37 11.0 Senior lecturer 83 25.0 Lecturer I 55 16.5 Lecturer II 51 15.4 Assistant Lecturer 82 24.7 Total 333 100 D o you have a Healthcare insurance plan? Yes 176 52.9 No 157 47.0 Total 333 100 3.2 Knowledge of Hypertension among Academic Staff in FUTO Table 2.0 below reveals that all participants in the study were familiar with the term "hypertension," indicating a 100% awareness of the condition. When asked to identify a common term for hypertension, the majority of participants (95.0%) identified "high blood pressure," while a small percentage (5.0%) said "low blood pressure" (Figure 1). In terms of the normal range for blood pressure in adults, the majority of participants (78.4%) correctly identified 120/80 mmHg as the normal range. A smaller percentage of participants provided incorrect responses, with 10.4% indicating 90/60 mmHg, 6.4% indicating 140/90 mmHg, and 4.8% indicating 160/100 mmHg. When asked if hypertension can be asymptomatic, the majority of participants (60.1%) correctly responded "yes," while a smaller proportion of participants (39.8%) responded "no." Regarding the awareness of hypertension-related complications, the majority of participants (79.5%) acknowledged that hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease and stroke, however, 20.4% did not agree. When asked to identify a medication that is not commonly prescribed for hypertension, the majority of participants (59.0%) identified "antibiotics," while smaller percentages identified "beta-blockers" (37.5%), "ACE inhibitors" (2.7%), or "calcium channel blockers" (0.6%) (figure 1). Regarding the frequency of blood pressure monitoring for individuals with hypertension, participants' responses varied. The largest percentage (40.2%) indicated that monitoring should be done as recommended by their healthcare provider, followed by once a week (37.2%) and once a month (21.5%). Only a small proportion (0.9%) indicated monitoring once a year. When asked if hypertension can be cured completely, the majority of participants (69.4%) correctly responded "false," 30.5% reported otherwise. Regarding attending educational programs or workshops on hypertension, the majority of participants (66.0%) indicated that they had attended such programs, while a smaller proportion (33.9%) indicated they had not. Participants primarily relied on healthcare professionals (42.8%) and online articles/websites (31.7%) as sources for staying updated on hypertension-related information. Medical journals (8.0%) and professional conferences/seminars (16.1%) were also mentioned as sources, albeit to a lesser extent. Table 2.0 Knowledge of Hypertension among Academic Staff in FUTO Variables Frequency (n= 333 ) Percentage (%) Are you familiar with the term "hypertension"? Yes 333 100 No 0 0.0 Total 333 100 Which of the following is a common term for hypertension? High blood pressure 318 95.0 Low blood pressure 15 5.00 Normal blood pressure 0 0.0 Total 333 100 What is the normal range for blood pressure in adults? 90/60 mmHg 36 10.4 120/80 mmHg 261 78.4 140/90 mmHg 21 6.4 160/100 mmHg 15 4.8 Total 333 100 Can hypertension be asymptomatic (without any noticeable symptoms)? Yes 201 60.1 No 132 39.8 Total 333 100 Hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease and stroke. True 264 79.5 False 69 20.4 Total 333 100 Which of the following is NOT a commonly prescribed medication for hypertension? ACE inhibitors 9 2.7 Beta-blockers 126 37.5 Antibiotics 198 59.0 Calcium channel blockers 3 0.6 Total 333 100 How often should individuals with hypertension monitor their blood pressure? Once a week 123 37.2 Once a month 72 21.5 Once a year 3 0.9 As recommended by their healthcare provider 135 40.2 Total 333 100 Hypertension can be cured completely. True 102 30.5 False 231 69.4 Total 333 100 Have you ever attended any educational programs or workshops on hypertension? Yes 219 66.0 No 114 33.9 Total 333 100 What sources do you primarily rely on for staying updated on hypertension-related information? (Select all that apply) Medical journals 27 8.0 Online articles and websites 105 31.7 Professional conferences and seminars 54 16.1 Healthcare professionals 144 42.8 Others 3 1.2 Total 333 100 3.3 Perception towards Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO Table 3.0 showed that when respondents were asked about the seriousness of hypertension as a health condition, the majority of participants (77.7%) either agreed or strongly agreed. Only a small percentage (15.8%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while a smaller proportion (6.3%) remained indifferent. Regarding the perception of hypertension leading to severe complications if left untreated, the majority of participants (72.9%) either agreed or strongly agreed, indicating an understanding of the potential consequences of untreated hypertension. A smaller percentage (11.5%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (15.6%) remained indifferent. In terms of awareness of the risk factors associated with hypertension, the majority of participants (67.8%) either agreed or strongly agreed. However, a small proportion (11.4%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (20.6%) remained indifferent. When considering the belief in the role of regular exercise in preventing and managing hypertension, the majority of participants (62.1%) either agreed or strongly agreed, indicating a belief in the positive impact of exercise. However, a small percentage (13.5%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (24.4%) remained indifferent. On the belief in the impact of maintaining a healthy diet on managing hypertension, the majority of participants (61.3%) either agreed or strongly agreed. Although a small percentage (21.3%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (17.4%) remained indifferent. When asked about the positive impact of stress management techniques on hypertension, the majority of participants (54.2%) either agreed or strongly agreed, 15.8% disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (29.8%) remained indifferent. In terms of the belief in the effectiveness of medication in managing hypertension, the majority of participants (71.6%) either agreed or strongly agreed, and 6.5% disagreed or strongly disagreed, 21.8% remained indifferent. Regarding the perception of the impact of hypertension on overall quality of life, the majority of participants (77.7%) either agreed or strongly agreed, only a small percentage (2.9%) disagreed or strongly disagreed (Figure 2). When asked about the importance of regular monitoring of blood pressure for individuals with hypertension, the majority of participants (73.4%) either agreed or strongly agreed, and a small percentage (14.6%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, 11.9% were indifferent. Regarding the belief in the permanent treatment of hypertension, the majority of participants (20.9%) either disagreed or strongly disagreed, only 4.7% agreed or strongly agreed, and 42.3% remained indifferent. Table 3.0 Perception towards Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO Variable Frequency (n= 333 ) Percentage (%) Hypertension is a serious health condition. Strongly Disagree 18 5.1 Disagree 36 10.7 Indifferent 21 6.3 Agree 132 39.6 Strongly Agree 126 38.1 Total 333 100 I believe that hypertension can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Strongly Disagree 12 3.6 Disagree 27 7.9 Indifferent 51 15.3 Agree 195 58.2 Strongly Agree 48 14.7 Total 333 100 I am aware of the risk factors associated with hypertension Strongly Disagree 15 4.8 Disagree 21 6.6 Indifferent 69 20.6 Agree 156 46.6 Strongly Agree 72 21.2 Total 333 100 Regular exercise can help in preventing and managing hypertension. Strongly Disagree 3 0.4 Disagree 45 13.1 Indifferent 81 24.2 Agree 141 42.7 Strongly Agree 66 19.4 Total 333 100 Maintaining a healthy diet can help in managing hypertension Strongly Disagree 30 9.0 Disagree 42 12.3 Indifferent 57 17.3 Agree 99 30.0 Strongly Agree 105 31.3 Total 333 100 Stress management technique can have a positive impact on hypertension Strongly Disagree 27 7.9 Disagree 27 7.9 Indifferent 99 29.8 Agree 45 13.5 Strongly Agree 135 40.7 Total 333 100 Hypertension can be effectively managed through medication. Strongly Disagree 12 3.8 Disagree 9 2.7 Indifferent 72 21.8 Agree 189 56.8 Strongly Agree 48 14.7 Total 333 100 Hypertension can have impact on the overall quality of life Strongly Disagree 3 0.8 Disagree 6 2.1 Indifferent 63 19.2 Agree 147 44.0 Strongly Agree 111 33.7 Total 333 100 Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for individual with hypertension. Strongly Disagree 24 6.8 Disagree 27 7.8 Indifferent 39 11.7 Agree 174 52.4 Strongly Agree 69 21.0 Total 333 100 Hypertension can be permanently treated. Strongly Disagree 45 13.2 Disagree 78 23.5 Indifferent 141 42.3 Agree 15 4.7 Strongly Agree 54 16.2 Total 333 100 3.4 Preventive Practices Adopted against Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO Table 4.0 below revealed that when the participants were asked about their consumption of healthy diets, the majority of participants (65.8%) reported sometimes, 33.5% reported ‘always’ and 0.6% reported ‘never’ consuming a healthy diet. Regarding the practice of adequate rest, the majority of participants (79.0%) reported sometimes getting adequate rest, while a smaller percentage (11.2%) reported always getting adequate rest. A small proportion (9.6%) reported never getting adequate rest. In terms of regular exercise, a significant number of participants (65.8%) reported sometimes engaging in regular exercise, while a smaller percentage (10.9%) reported always engaging in regular exercise (Figure 3). A notable proportion (23.2%) reported never engaging in regular exercise. When asked about stress management, a considerable percentage of participants (41.8%) reported sometimes practicing stress management techniques, while a slightly higher percentage (39.3%) reported always practicing stress management. A smaller proportion (18.8%) reported never practicing stress management. Regarding the practice of regular medical check-ups in the hospital, the majority of participants (93.9%) reported sometimes undergoing regular medical check-ups, while a very small percentage (5.1%) reported always undergoing regular medical check-ups. Only a negligible proportion (0.8%) reported never undergoing regular medical check-ups. When asked about the monitoring of blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, the majority of participants (71.8%) reported sometimes monitoring their blood pressure, while a significant proportion (21.8%) reported always monitoring their blood pressure. Only a small proportion (6.2%) reported never monitoring their blood pressure. In terms of the consumption of multivitamins, a notable percentage of participants (41.0%) reported always consuming multivitamins, while a similar percentage (39.4%) reported ‘sometimes’. A smaller proportion (19.4%) reported never consuming multivitamins. Regarding the maintenance of a healthy weight, the majority of participants (58.2%) reported ‘always’, while a smaller proportion (30.8%) reported ‘sometimes’ and 10.8% reported ‘never’ maintaining a healthy weight. When asked about the practice of low salt/sodium consumption, a significant number of participants (50.4%) reported always consuming low salt/sodium, while a similar percentage (42.2%) reported sometimes consuming it. Only a small proportion (7.3%) reported never consuming low salt/sodium. Table 4.0 Preventive Practices Adopted against Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO Variables Frequency (n= 333 ) Percentage (%) Consumption of healthy diet Always 111 33.5 Sometimes 219 65.8 Never 3 0.6 Total 333 100 Adequate rest Always 39 11.2 Sometimes 264 79.0 Never 33 9.6 Total 333 100 Stress management Always 132 39.3 Sometimes 138 41.8 Never 63 18.8 Total 333 100 Regular medical check-ups in the hospital Always 18 5.1 Sometimes 312 93.9 Never 3 0.8 Total 333 100 Monitoring blood pressure with the sphygmomanometer Always 72 21.8 Sometimes 240 71.8 Never 21 6.2 Total 333 100 Consumption of multivitamins Always 138 41.0 Sometimes 132 39.4 Never 66 19.4 Total 333 100 Maintenance of healthy weight Always 195 58.2 Sometimes 102 30.8 Never 36 10.8 Total 333 100 Low salt/ sodium c onsumption Always 168 50.4 Sometimes 141 42.2 Never 24 7.3 Total 333 100 3.5 Relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive practices among Academic Staff of FUTO Table 5.0 below revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive practices among Academic Staff of FUTO (p= 0.0020). Table 5.0 Relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive practices among Academic Staff of FUTO Knowledge and Perception Preventive practices X2 P-value Decision High (%) low (%) Good 81.5% 18.6% 7.213 0.0020 S Poor 18.6% 81.5% NS * - Not Significant; S * - Significant 4.0 Discussion 4.1 Discussion of Findings The knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of hypertension among Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) academic staff were evaluated in this paper. The results showed that participants generally knew about hypertension really well; 100% of them knew the term and 95% of them appropriately identified "high blood pressure" as the common term. This is consistent with earlier research showing great degrees of awareness in many communities ( 9 , 19 ). Still, knowledge gaps abound, especially in areas like appropriate blood pressure levels and the silent, asymptomatic character of hypertension, with 60.1% of respondents admitting its asymptomatic character. This reflects Han et al. ( 20 ) who underlined the significance of teaching people on the usually quiet development of hypertension. Though a small minority (20.4%) remained ignorant, participants showed a decent knowledge of hypertension problems; 79.5% of them acknowledged its link to severe health outcomes such heart disease and stroke. This emphasizes how urgently more education on hypertension risks is needed ( 21 ). Knowledge of hypertension drugs was rather strong; 59% of respondents accurately pointed out antibiotics as not utilized for treating hypertension. Still, constant learning is essential to clear remaining misconceptions ( 13 ). Regarding preventive measures, the results revealed both notable discrepancies and good conduct. While 40.2% of participants said they tracked blood pressure as recommended by doctors, a worrisome 0.9% tracked just once a year. Early identification and control of blood pressure depend on regular monitoring ( 22 ). Most participants (69.4%) realized that hypertension cannot be completely cured, in line with the chronic character of the illness as recorded by Lewington et al. ( 23 ). Still, some responders' misunderstandings highlight how urgently public health messages are needed. Given 66% of participants attending seminars or programs, the active interest in hypertension education was a clear strength. Emphasizing the need of education in enhancing self-management, George et al. ( 24 ) and Maruf et al. ( 25 ) reinforce this favorable tendency. Reiterating the need of easily available and trustworthy health information, participants listed healthcare practitioners (42.8%) and online resources (31.7%) as their primary source of information. Consistent with previous studies ( 15 , 19 ), most participants showed a good opinion of hypertension seriousness (77.7%) and awareness of complications (72.9%), in terms of perception. Still, a small percentage of participants showed indifference or disagreement, implying ongoing misunderstandings needing specific education. Though it highlighted need for further health promotion, belief in the benefits of regular exercise (62.1%) and a good diet (61.3%) for hypertension treatment was positive. Similar gaps were noted in medication adherence views (71.6%) and stress management awareness (54.2%) pointed up areas for intervention ( 26 ). Adoption of preventive measures varied. Although 65.8% occasionally ate healthy foods and 79% claimed occasionally receiving enough rest, these numbers show the need of more consistency. Stress and sedentary lifestyles in academic settings are well-known, which helps to explain poor adherence to preventive policies ( 11 ). Though regular exercise has been shown to help reduce hypertension ( 26 ), just 65.8% sometimes engage in it. With 41.8% sometimes and 39.3% always using stress-reducing strategies, stress management measures were embraced inconsistantly. With regard to medical visits, 0.8% never attended; 93.9% said they occasionally attended, indicating a positive trend but still exposing gaps. Emphasizing the need of consistent self-monitoring techniques ( 27 ), blood pressure monitoring methods varied from 71.8% sometimes monitoring to 6.2% never monitoring. Though regular multivitamin use is not generally recommended for hypertension therapy, consumption of vitamins was somewhat high ( 21 ). Promoting nutrient-dense foods over supplements is absolutely vital. With 58.2% always maintaining a healthy weight and 50.4% consistently consuming low salt meals, both which are significant preventive actions, positive results were noted in weight control practices ( 28 ). Knowledge, perception, and preventative practices finally showed a statistically significant link (p = 0.0020). This supports data from Egan et al. ( 29 ) and Wu et al. ( 30 ) showing improved preventative behavior linked with increased knowledge levels and favourable health perspectives. These results underline the necessity of focused educational campaigns to improve awareness, clear misunderstandings, and encourage within academic staff a proactive attitude towards the prevention of hypertension. The results of this study have significant implications for practice, policy, and future research initiatives. For practice, the study emphasizes the need of improved health education programs among academic staff to solve knowledge gaps and misunderstandings found. Particularly university occupational health services, healthcare professionals should create focused initiatives encouraging frequent blood pressure monitoring, good lifestyle choices, and early hypertension screening. Customized health promotion initiatives could enhance adherence to preventative measures and self-care, hence lowering the load of hypertension in educational environments. From a policy standpoint, the findings underline the need of institutional and governmental action to include cardiovascular risk screening and hypertension education into regular workplace wellness programs. Universities should think about requiring regular health evaluations for employees and granting access to physical activity and stress-reducing activities. Policymakers could also use these results to support better health insurance coverage, therefore addressing the financial obstacles to preventative treatment noted among participants. Future studies could build on this work by extending the sample to include non-academic staff members and additional universities and using longitudinal approaches to investigate causal links. Including qualitative techniques could also offer more detailed understanding of the personal and sociocultural elements affecting hypertension awareness and behavior, directing more successful treatments. 4.2 Limitations Though this study offers insightful analysis, limitations have to be admitted. First of all, the cross-sectional form of the study restricts the capacity of the academic staff to prove causality among knowledge, perception, and preventive actions. The reliance on self-reported data through structured questionnaires may have introduced social desirability and recall biases, therefore maybe encouraging individuals to over-report desired behaviors including good dietary habits or exercise routines. Furthermore, albeit using multistage sampling, the study constrained to four of the nine faculties at FUTO, influencing the generalizability of the results to the whole academic staff population of the university. The exclusion of non-academic personnel and other colleges reduces the external validity of the findings even more. Moreover, the study neglected other possible confounding elements like co-morbidities, genetic inclination, or psychological effects that might have affected the knowledge and practices of the participants. The moderate sample size, in spite of the high response rate, significantly lowers the study's ability to identify more minor variations or correlations. Finally, the study lacked qualitative data, which would have helped to clarify the underlying causes of particular opinions and actions toward the control of hypertension. 4.3 Conclusion Results from this study revealed that academic staff at FUTO have a generally positive knowledge and perception of hypertension, but there are still some misconceptions and knowledge gaps. The participants demonstrated varying levels of adherence to preventive practices, with some engaging consistently and others inconsistently. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to improve knowledge, address misconceptions, and promote positive attitudes towards hypertension. There is a significant relationship between knowledge, perception, and preventive practices (p = 0.0020), highlighting the need for tailored educational programs and supportive environments. Collaborative efforts are required to enhance hypertension management among academic staff and reduce the burden of the condition. Declarations Authors Contribution All authors contributed to the review process. Precious Ebube Anyakorah : Conceptualization, Protocol development, Data Collection, Data analysis and presentation, Original draft preparation, Project coordination, and Writing - Review editing. David Chinaecherem Innocent : Supervision, Data Analysis, Writing - Review editing. Chiamaka Judith Ezenwa: Original draft preparation, Data Collection, Investigation, Writing - Review editing. Joakin Chidozie Nwaokoro: Investigation, Validation, Supervision Velly Alero Emina: Data Collection, Original draft preparation Final Approval of the Manuscript All authors Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate Ethical clearance was obtained from the FUTO Department of Public Health Local Ethics Committee before this research was conducted. The research was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines and standards set forth by the committee. The purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and consent was obtained from them before inclusion in the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured. The confidentiality of the information they gave was also maintained. Consent to Publish Not applicable Availability of Data and Materials Data will be made available upon request by the corresponding author. Competing Interests All authors have declared that they have no competing interests Funding No funds were received for this study Acknowledgements Not Applicable Clinical Trial Number Not Applicable References Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50(6):1012–8. Bonderman D, Lang IM. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease. 2011;1253–9. Sudano I, Suter P, Beuschlein F. Secondary hypertension as a cause of treatment resistance. Blood Press. 2023 Dec;32(1):2224898. Chorney MLA. Impact of American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline Toolkit on Blood Pressure. Grand Canyon University; 2023. Lackland DT, Weber MA. Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2015;31(5):569–71. World Health Organisation. Chronic disease and Health Promotion,. WHO Info Base.; 2017. Twagirumukiza M, De Bacquer D, Kips JG, de Backer G, Vander Stichele R, Van Bortel LM. Current and projected prevalence of arterial hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa by sex, age and habitat: an estimate from population studies. Journal of hypertension. 2011;29(7):1243–52. Adeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, Thompson JY, Obi FA. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hypertension. 2015;33(2):230–42. Mgbahurike A, Lelesi T. KNOWLEDGE attitude and perception of hypertension among staff of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2022; Oliveira-Dantas FF, Browne RAV, Oliveira RS, Cabral LLP, de Farias Junior LF, Costa EC. Effect of high-velocity resistance exercise on 24-h blood pressure in hypertensive older women. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;42(01):41–7. Viera AJ, Cohen LW, Mitchell CM, Sloane PD. High blood pressure knowledge among primary care patients with known hypertension: a North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) study. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2008;21(4):300–8. Alzahrani AA, Alqahtani AS, Vennu V, Bindawas SM. Feasibility and Efficacy of Low-to-Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training in Reducing Resting Blood Pressure in Sedentary Older Saudis with Hypertension Living in Social Home Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina. 2023;59(6):1171. Familoni BO, Ogun SA, Aina AO. Knowledge and awareness of hypertension among patients with systemic hypertension. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2004;96(5):620. Odelola OI, Akinpelu A, Idowu AO, Adesegun OA, Osibowale BT, Ehioghae O, et al. Hypertension: Predictors of Knowledge among Market Women in the Sub-Urban Town of Sagamu, South West Nigeria. African Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;34(4):526–36. Abdullahi AA, Amzat J. Knowledge of hypertension among the staff of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and epidemiology. 2011;3(5):204–9. AKINLADE AF. Knowledge and Perception about Hypertension and Its Risk Factors among Staff of Ibadan North Local Government, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2016; Ekwunife OI, Udeogaranya PO, Nwatu IL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a Nigerian population. 2010; Campbell NR, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang X. Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation‐specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2015;17(3):165–7. Iloh GUP, Amadi AN. Risk factors of dyslipidaemia in a cohort of geriatric Nigerians with essential hypertension in a rural hospital in eastern Nigeria. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2015;5(2):203–12. Han H, Chan K, Song H, Nguyen T, Lee J, Kim MT. Development and evaluation of a hypertension knowledge test for Korean hypertensive patients. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2011;13(10):750–7. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS. Acc/aha/aapa/abc/acpm/ags/APhA/ASH/ASPC/nma/pcna guideline for the prevention, Detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart Association. Task force on clinical practice guidelines//J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.-2017.-Nov 13. Почки. 2018;7(1):68–74. Bosu WK, Reilly ST, Aheto JMK, Zucchelli E. Hypertension in older adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2019;14(4):e0214934. Lewington S, Lacey B, Clarke R, Guo Y, Kong XL, Yang L, et al. The burden of hypertension and associated risk for cardiovascular mortality in China. JAMA internal medicine. 2016;176(4):524–32. GEORGE ST, AKPAN GE, DIMKPA GC, ISAAC H. KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES OF HYPERTENSION AMONG STAFF OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF UYO, NIGERIA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIA. 2024;7(1). Shaikh MA, Dur-e-Yakta S, Kumar R. Hypertension knowledge, attitude and practice in adult hypertensive patients at LUMHS. JLUMHS. 2012;11(02):113. Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for hypertension: a prescription update integrating existing recommendations with emerging research. Current hypertension reports. 2015;17:1–10. Krause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M, McCormack T, Williams B. Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance. Bmj. 2011;343. Gorostegi-Anduaga I, Corres P, MartinezAguirre-Betolaza A, Pérez-Asenjo J, Aispuru GR, Fryer SM, et al. Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(4):343–53. Egan BM, Lackland DT, Cutler NE. Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of older Americans about high blood pressure: implications for health care policy, education, and research. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003;163(6):681–7. Ataklte F, Erqou S, Kaptoge S, Taye B, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Kengne AP. Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2015;65(2):291–8. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6736623","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":496221080,"identity":"daac1b25-1cb3-4351-8c14-f0f39f684bd7","order_by":0,"name":"Precious Ebube Anyakorah","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQiVwMbeAKQMLEjQwsdzAKRFggQtchIJSFx8gF+6x+xxRUVdHpvk86sbfhRIMPC3dyfg1SI554y54Zkzh4vZpHPKbvYAHSZx5uwGvFoMbuSYSTa2HUhsk85Ju8ED1GIgkYtfiz1Yy7+6xDbJM2k3/xCjxUACpKWBObFNgv3YbaJskbhzrNyw4djhxDaeHLbbMgYSPAT9wj+7edvDhpq6xPntx5/dfPPHRo6/vRe/FgYGDjMog8cATBJQDgLsz2CMB0SoHgWjYBSMgpEIACdhRzygc6o+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Precious","middleName":"Ebube","lastName":"Anyakorah","suffix":""},{"id":496221081,"identity":"8fce9b2d-f297-4240-b14c-7228ab6566b7","order_by":1,"name":"David Chinaecherem Innocent","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of 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Nigeria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Velly","middleName":"Alero","lastName":"Emina","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-24 04:23:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01208-y","type":"published","date":"2026-03-28T16:10:34+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88754550,"identity":"f5156643-dec0-4bfc-99dc-ce2e06e975a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-11 07:08:46","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":22414,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommon term for hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6736623/v1/14e42524213f540e01b201c0.png"},{"id":88754560,"identity":"43e7df71-313b-4aff-ae20-e703e485dc98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-11 07:08:48","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":16803,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShowing responses for ‘hypertension can have impact on the overall quality of life’.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6736623/v1/a858c89a8c4eb5ec1b12d653.png"},{"id":88754562,"identity":"20d9a45d-e2b8-4ddb-9b76-a9557d077bb7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-11 07:08:50","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27867,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo you regularly exercise?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6736623/v1/a0ab368dbbb2e2866cbda222.png"},{"id":105755936,"identity":"c49328cd-2181-4785-aa32-aea18f55284c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-30 16:33:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2588367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6736623/v1/bc068e73-4127-4098-9ace-523d32acb302.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eKnowledge and Perception of Hypertension Among Academic Staff of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1.0 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCommonly referred to as high blood pressure, hypertension is still a major public health issue confronting society globally. After smoking and hunger, it ranks third among all causes of death worldwide (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The complex interaction of environmental and genetic elements determines the condition (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Although the precise genetic causes are still mostly unknown, obesity, too much alcohol, physical inactivity, poor diets, and stress are among several well-known environmental and behavioural factors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that, based on a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hypertension affects around 86\u0026nbsp;million persons (34%), in the United States (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Globally, increased blood pressure is thought to be responsible for 75\u0026nbsp;million deaths yearly (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). With lower rates of 35% found in high-income nations, the worldwide prevalence among individuals aged 25 years and above in 2008 was almost 40% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). In Sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence ranges from 10.6% in Ethiopia to 26.9% in Ghana (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e), while in Nigeria, it varies greatly from 8\u0026ndash;46.4% depending on population and measuring parameters (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince knowledge is a fundamental need for efficient hypertension self-care, reliable assessment of hypertension knowledge is shown to be essential for determining those needing education (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Many studies both locally and internationally have evaluated awareness levels. Oliveira et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e) found that although patients knew generally of hypertension as a disorder, they lacked thorough knowledge of its causes and treatment. According to Viera et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e), 26% of North Carolina's patients with hypertension were uninformed that the condition usually shows without symptoms. Comparatively, Mumtaz et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e) found that just 6% of people with hypertension knew about the disease's problems; Familoni et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e) noted that 24% of respondents were not aware of the causes of hypertension either. While participants in Imo State had good awareness, 53.3% of them thought the disease may be spiritually caused. Odelola et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e) reported in Nigeria just 37% of patients at a teaching hospital recognised that hypertension needs lifelong medication. Though generally good understanding of complications, Abudullahi and Amzat (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e) also noted low knowledge of hypertension risk factors among university workers in Ibadan.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven this variable degree of knowledge, particularly among educated groups, information gaps and misconceptions around hypertension remain a major issue. Comprising professors, readers, senior lecturers, and lecturers between the ages of 25 and 60 years, the academic staff at Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) reflects a demographic most likely to lead sedentary lives and have higher risk of hypertension. Anecdotal accounts of mortality linked to hypertension among lecturers highlight even more the need of focused investigation in this group. While knowledge is the whole body of information and abilities gained from experience and education, perception is personal interpretation and meaning of health information. It is important to evaluate knowledge as well as perception since the latter greatly affects behaviour and inclination to follow preventive measures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThus, the rationale for this study is the filling in the possible knowledge and perception gaps of hypertension among academic staff members of FUTO. Effective treatments and preventative actions abound, although Nigeria still suffers with inadequate control of hypertension, mostly due to low public knowledge (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). Achieving the Healthy People 2025 targets can remain elusive without better knowledge and education (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). This study aims to provide evidence that can direct the creation of focused health education and intervention programs to finally lower the prevalence and consequences of hypertension within this high-risk group by evaluating the present level of hypertension knowledge and awareness among FUTO academic staff. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge and perception of hypertension among academic staff in FUTO. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2.0 Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy Design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc377960263\"\u003e2.2 Area of Study\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study area was the Federal University of Technology Owerri. The Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO) is a federal government university located in Owerri West, capital of Imo state. The University is bounded by the communities of Ihiagwa, Eziobodo and Umuchima. It is the premier federal university of technology in the South East and South-South parts of Nigeria. \u003cstrong\u003e2.3\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStudy Population\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out among the Academic staff in FUTO. The population of all the staff in FUTO is 3993, but for the purpose of this study and to save cost too, it concentrated on the Academic staff of the university which was 1200.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.4 Eligibility Criteria\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc377960265\"\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ei) Academic staff in FUTO who gave their consent for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eii) Academic staff of FUTO who has at least one year working experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc125788423\"\u003eExclusion Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ei) Academics at FUTO who don\u0026rsquo;t have at least one year working experience during the time of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eii) Academics aged below 25 years .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc125788424\"\u003e2.5 Sample Size and Sampling Methods\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc125788425\"\u003e2.5.1 Sample Size\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sample size was calculated using the Taro Yamane formula\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis states that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" style=\"width: 88px; height: 53.3867px;\" width=\"88\" height=\"53.3867\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere; n =sample population\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN= total study population which 1200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ee= error margin set at 5% which is 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc377960269\"\u003en=1200/1+ 1200(0.0025)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en =1200/4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en= 300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size was increased by 10% to avoid attrition bias occasioned by non-response\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enrr = \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cu\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; n \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1-nrr\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e= \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003cu\u003e300 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1-0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e= \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cu\u003e300\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e=333\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, n = 333.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003cspan id=\"_Toc125788426\"\u003eSampling Methods\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA multistage sampling technique was used for this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS\u003cstrong\u003etage 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThere are nine (9) faculties in FUTO. The percentage that was used for this study was 44.4%, which consist of Four (4) faculties out of the total of nine (9) faculties in FUTO to give every faculty an equal chance of being selected through simple random sampling via balloting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStage 2: Selection of Departments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total number of departments found in each faculty was obtained from the faculty portal to give every department an equal chance of being selected through simple random sampling via balloting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStage 3: Selection of Respondents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total number of academic staff in each department that was selected for the study was obtained from the HOD\u0026rsquo;s office, which serves as the sampling frame to give every academic an equal chance of being selected\u0026nbsp;via systematic random sampling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc125788427\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.6 Instruments for Data Collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire used to collect information on the knowledge and perception of FUTO academic staff towards hypertension. The questionnaire to the respondents. The questionnaire consists of four (4) sections which include;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc125453858\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7 Validity and Reliability of Instruments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study instrument was designed by the researcher, from a review of relevant litliterature (construct validity) and later submitted to the project supervisor for final review and correction to be made (face validity). This was done so that the instrument used for the study was appropriate and suitable for the phenomenon the study measured. A test-retest method was used to test for reliable the questionnaire is. The questionnaire was first be administered to 20 academic staff in another university, Imo State University to be precise which shares the same characteristics as the study area. This was done to check for reliability, appropriateness of format, wordings as well as time required to fill the questionnaire. The whole process was repeated one week later and the results w,ere scaled and cwilled for consistency using statistical software. At the end of the day, a reliability coefficient of 0.8 was obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc63554312\"\u003e2.8 Method of Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data obtained from the field during the course of the study was checked for completeness and consistency in response to the questions by the participants. The data was entered into the computer for data cleaning and consistency checks. The researcher edited, coded, classify and tabulate the data. The data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Statistical Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21. Descriptive data was presented as charts and simple frequency tables in percentages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc125453862\"\u003e2.9 Ethical Consideration\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance was obtained from FUTO Department of Public Health Local Ethics Committee before this research was conducted. The purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and consent was obtained from them before inclusion in the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured. The confidentiality of the information they gave was also maintained.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3.0 Result","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of three hundred and fifty (350) copies of questionnaires were distributed for the study, three hundred and thirty-three (333) were retrieved. The retrieved copies of questionnaires were properly filled and cross-checked for correctness and were used for the purpose of this analysis. The response rate of this analysis was 97.9% \u0026nbsp;(i.e. 333/350 *100)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFindings on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in the study were revealed in Table 1.0 below. In terms of age distribution, the majority of participants fell within the age groups of 45-54 (32.5%) and 35-44 (26.4%). Participants aged 25-34 accounted for 25.4% of the sample, while those aged 55 and above made up 15.5%. In terms of gender, the sample consisted of slightly more females (52.5%) than males (47.5%). Regarding ethnicity, the majority of participants identified as Igbo (75%), while smaller proportions identified as Yoruba (7.7%), Hausa (5.0%), Fulani (0%), or other ethnicities (12.3%). With respect to religion, Christianity was the predominant affiliation, with 83.4% of participants identifying as Christians. Muslim participants accounted for 9.3% of the sample, while a small percentage identified with other religions (5.6%) or traditional beliefs (1.7%). Majority of participants were married (81.4%), while a smaller proportion were single (10.2%), separated (2.2%), or widowed (6.1%). When considering rank or position, the distribution was as follows: Lecturer II (15.4%), Senior Lecturer (25.0%), Lecturer I (16.5%), Assistant Lecturer (24.7%), Professor (7.4%), and Reader (11.0%). Regarding healthcare insurance coverage, over half of the lecturers (52.9%) reported having a healthcare insurance plan, while 47.0% did not have such coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.0 Socio-demographic Characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 -34\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 \u0026ndash; 44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 \u0026ndash; 54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55 and Above\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIgbo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHausa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYoruba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFulani\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eothers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeparated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRank / Position\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfessor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReader\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSenior lecturer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLecturer I\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLecturer II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAssistant Lecturer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eo you have a Healthcare insurance plan?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.2011%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.9295%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.8695%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc139210813\"\u003e3.2 Knowledge of Hypertension among Academic Staff in FUTO\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2.0 below reveals that all participants in the study were familiar with the term \u0026quot;hypertension,\u0026quot; indicating a 100% awareness of the condition. When asked to identify a common term for hypertension, the majority of participants (95.0%) identified \u0026quot;high blood pressure,\u0026quot; while a small percentage (5.0%) said \u0026quot;low blood pressure\u0026quot; (Figure 1). In terms of the normal range for blood pressure in adults, the majority of participants (78.4%) correctly identified 120/80 mmHg as the normal range. A smaller percentage of participants provided incorrect responses, with 10.4% indicating 90/60 mmHg, 6.4% indicating 140/90 mmHg, and 4.8% indicating 160/100 mmHg. When asked if hypertension can be asymptomatic, the majority of participants (60.1%) correctly responded \u0026quot;yes,\u0026quot; \u0026nbsp; while a smaller proportion of participants (39.8%) responded \u0026quot;no.\u0026quot; Regarding the awareness of hypertension-related complications, the majority of participants (79.5%) acknowledged that hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease and stroke, however, 20.4% did not agree. When asked to identify a medication that is not commonly prescribed for hypertension, the majority of participants (59.0%) identified \u0026quot;antibiotics,\u0026quot; while smaller percentages identified \u0026quot;beta-blockers\u0026quot; (37.5%), \u0026quot;ACE inhibitors\u0026quot; (2.7%), or \u0026quot;calcium channel blockers\u0026quot; (0.6%) (figure 1). Regarding the frequency of blood pressure monitoring for individuals with hypertension, participants\u0026apos; responses varied. The largest percentage (40.2%) indicated that monitoring should be done as recommended by their healthcare provider, followed by once a week (37.2%) and once a month (21.5%). Only a small proportion (0.9%) indicated monitoring once a year. When asked if hypertension can be cured completely, the majority of participants (69.4%) correctly responded \u0026quot;false,\u0026quot; 30.5% reported otherwise. Regarding attending educational programs or workshops on hypertension, the majority of participants (66.0%) indicated that they had attended such programs, while a smaller proportion (33.9%) indicated they had not. Participants primarily relied on healthcare professionals (42.8%) and online articles/websites (31.7%) as sources for staying updated on hypertension-related information. Medical journals (8.0%) and professional conferences/seminars (16.1%) were also mentioned as sources, albeit to a lesser extent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.0 Knowledge of Hypertension among Academic Staff in FUTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAre you familiar with the term \u0026quot;hypertension\u0026quot;?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhich of the following is a common term for hypertension?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh blood pressure\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow blood pressure \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal blood pressure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the normal range for blood pressure in adults?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90/60 mmHg\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120/80 mmHg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140/90 mmHg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160/100 mmHg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCan hypertension be asymptomatic (without any noticeable symptoms)?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease and stroke.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhich of the following is NOT a commonly prescribed medication for hypertension?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eACE inhibitors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBeta-blockers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntibiotics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCalcium channel blockers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow often should individuals with hypertension monitor their blood pressure?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs recommended by their healthcare provider\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension can be cured completely.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHave you ever attended any educational programs or workshops on hypertension? \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat sources do you primarily rely on for staying updated on hypertension-related information? (Select all that apply) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical journals\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnline articles and websites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfessional conferences and seminars\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealthcare professionals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.3 Perception towards Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3.0 showed that when respondents were asked about the seriousness of hypertension as a health condition, the majority of participants (77.7%) either agreed or strongly agreed. Only a small percentage (15.8%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while a smaller proportion (6.3%) remained indifferent. Regarding the perception of hypertension leading to severe complications if left untreated, the majority of participants (72.9%) either agreed or strongly agreed, indicating an understanding of the potential consequences of untreated hypertension. A smaller percentage (11.5%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (15.6%) remained indifferent. In terms of awareness of the risk factors associated with hypertension, the majority of participants (67.8%) either agreed or strongly agreed. However, a small proportion (11.4%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (20.6%) remained indifferent. When considering the belief in the role of regular exercise in preventing and managing hypertension, the majority of participants (62.1%) either agreed or strongly agreed, indicating a belief in the positive impact of exercise. However, a small percentage (13.5%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (24.4%) remained indifferent. On the belief in the impact of maintaining a healthy diet on managing hypertension, the majority of participants (61.3%) either agreed or strongly agreed. Although a small percentage (21.3%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (17.4%) remained indifferent. When asked about the positive impact of stress management techniques on hypertension, the majority of participants (54.2%) either agreed or strongly agreed, 15.8% disagreed or strongly disagreed, while some participants (29.8%) remained indifferent. In terms of the belief in the effectiveness of medication in managing hypertension, the majority of participants (71.6%) either agreed or strongly agreed, and 6.5% disagreed or strongly disagreed, 21.8% remained indifferent. Regarding the perception of the impact of hypertension on overall quality of life, the majority of participants (77.7%) either agreed or strongly agreed, only a small percentage (2.9%) disagreed or strongly disagreed (Figure 2). \u0026nbsp; When asked about the importance of regular monitoring of blood pressure for individuals with hypertension, the majority of participants (73.4%) either agreed or strongly agreed, and a small percentage (14.6%) disagreed or strongly disagreed, 11.9% were indifferent. Regarding the belief in the permanent treatment of hypertension, the majority of participants (20.9%) either disagreed or strongly disagreed, only 4.7% agreed or strongly agreed, and 42.3% remained indifferent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3.0 Perception towards Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension is a serious health condition.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI believe that hypertension can lead to severe complications if left untreated.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI am aware of the risk factors associated with hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegular exercise can help in preventing and managing hypertension.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaintaining a healthy diet can help in managing hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStress management technique can have a positive impact on hypertension\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension can be effectively managed through medication.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension can have impact on the overall quality of life\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for individual with hypertension.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHypertension can be permanently treated.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Agree\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.0986%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22.5352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.3662%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.4 Preventive Practices Adopted against Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.0 below revealed that when the participants were asked about their consumption of healthy diets, the majority of participants (65.8%) reported sometimes, 33.5% reported \u0026lsquo;always\u0026rsquo; and 0.6% reported \u0026lsquo;never\u0026rsquo; consuming a healthy diet. Regarding the practice of adequate rest, the majority of participants (79.0%) reported sometimes getting adequate rest, while a smaller percentage (11.2%) reported always getting adequate rest. A small proportion (9.6%) reported never getting adequate rest. In terms of regular exercise, a significant number of participants (65.8%) reported sometimes engaging in regular exercise, while a smaller percentage (10.9%) reported always engaging in regular exercise (Figure 3). A notable proportion (23.2%) reported never engaging in regular exercise. When asked about stress management, a considerable percentage of participants (41.8%) reported sometimes practicing stress management techniques, while a slightly higher percentage (39.3%) reported always practicing stress management. A smaller proportion (18.8%) reported never practicing stress management. Regarding the practice of regular medical check-ups in the hospital, the majority of participants (93.9%) reported sometimes undergoing regular medical check-ups, while a very small percentage (5.1%) reported always undergoing regular medical check-ups. Only a negligible proportion (0.8%) reported never undergoing regular medical check-ups. When asked about the monitoring of blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, the majority of participants (71.8%) reported sometimes monitoring their blood pressure, while a significant proportion (21.8%) reported always monitoring their blood pressure. Only a small proportion (6.2%) reported never monitoring their blood pressure. In terms of the consumption of multivitamins, a notable percentage of participants (41.0%) reported always consuming multivitamins, while a similar percentage (39.4%) reported \u0026lsquo;sometimes\u0026rsquo;. A smaller proportion (19.4%) reported never consuming multivitamins. Regarding the maintenance of a healthy weight, the majority of participants (58.2%) reported \u0026lsquo;always\u0026rsquo;, while a smaller proportion (30.8%) reported \u0026lsquo;sometimes\u0026rsquo; and 10.8% reported \u0026lsquo;never\u0026rsquo; maintaining a healthy weight. When asked about the practice of low salt/sodium consumption, a significant number of participants (50.4%) reported always consuming low salt/sodium, while a similar percentage (42.2%) reported sometimes consuming it. Only a small proportion (7.3%) reported never consuming low salt/sodium.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.0 Preventive Practices Adopted against Hypertension among Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(n=\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsumption of healthy diet\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdequate rest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStress management\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegular medical check-ups in the hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e312\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonitoring blood pressure with the sphygmomanometer\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsumption of multivitamins\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaintenance of healthy weight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow salt/ sodium\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eonsumption\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58.5538%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.7531%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e333\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21.6931%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.5 Relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive practices among Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5.0 below revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive\u0026nbsp;practices among Academic Staff of FUTO (p= 0.0020).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5.0 Relationship between the knowledge and perception of Hypertension and their preventive practices\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eamong Academic Staff of FUTO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"630\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge and Perception\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 237px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreventive practices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eX2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecision\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elow (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 78px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.213\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNS\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e- Not Significant; S\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e- Significant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4.0 Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1 Discussion of Findings\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of hypertension among Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) academic staff were evaluated in this paper. The results showed that participants generally knew about hypertension really well; 100% of them knew the term and 95% of them appropriately identified \"high blood pressure\" as the common term. This is consistent with earlier research showing great degrees of awareness in many communities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). Still, knowledge gaps abound, especially in areas like appropriate blood pressure levels and the silent, asymptomatic character of hypertension, with 60.1% of respondents admitting its asymptomatic character. This reflects Han et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e) who underlined the significance of teaching people on the usually quiet development of hypertension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThough a small minority (20.4%) remained ignorant, participants showed a decent knowledge of hypertension problems; 79.5% of them acknowledged its link to severe health outcomes such heart disease and stroke. This emphasizes how urgently more education on hypertension risks is needed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Knowledge of hypertension drugs was rather strong; 59% of respondents accurately pointed out antibiotics as not utilized for treating hypertension. Still, constant learning is essential to clear remaining misconceptions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). Regarding preventive measures, the results revealed both notable discrepancies and good conduct. While 40.2% of participants said they tracked blood pressure as recommended by doctors, a worrisome 0.9% tracked just once a year. Early identification and control of blood pressure depend on regular monitoring (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). Most participants (69.4%) realized that hypertension cannot be completely cured, in line with the chronic character of the illness as recorded by Lewington et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). Still, some responders' misunderstandings highlight how urgently public health messages are needed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven 66% of participants attending seminars or programs, the active interest in hypertension education was a clear strength. Emphasizing the need of education in enhancing self-management, George et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e) and Maruf et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e) reinforce this favorable tendency. Reiterating the need of easily available and trustworthy health information, participants listed healthcare practitioners (42.8%) and online resources (31.7%) as their primary source of information. Consistent with previous studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e), most participants showed a good opinion of hypertension seriousness (77.7%) and awareness of complications (72.9%), in terms of perception. Still, a small percentage of participants showed indifference or disagreement, implying ongoing misunderstandings needing specific education. Though it highlighted need for further health promotion, belief in the benefits of regular exercise (62.1%) and a good diet (61.3%) for hypertension treatment was positive. Similar gaps were noted in medication adherence views (71.6%) and stress management awareness (54.2%) pointed up areas for intervention (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdoption of preventive measures varied. Although 65.8% occasionally ate healthy foods and 79% claimed occasionally receiving enough rest, these numbers show the need of more consistency. Stress and sedentary lifestyles in academic settings are well-known, which helps to explain poor adherence to preventive policies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). Though regular exercise has been shown to help reduce hypertension (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e), just 65.8% sometimes engage in it. With 41.8% sometimes and 39.3% always using stress-reducing strategies, stress management measures were embraced inconsistantly. With regard to medical visits, 0.8% never attended; 93.9% said they occasionally attended, indicating a positive trend but still exposing gaps. Emphasizing the need of consistent self-monitoring techniques (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e), blood pressure monitoring methods varied from 71.8% sometimes monitoring to 6.2% never monitoring. Though regular multivitamin use is not generally recommended for hypertension therapy, consumption of vitamins was somewhat high (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Promoting nutrient-dense foods over supplements is absolutely vital. With 58.2% always maintaining a healthy weight and 50.4% consistently consuming low salt meals, both which are significant preventive actions, positive results were noted in weight control practices (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). Knowledge, perception, and preventative practices finally showed a statistically significant link (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0020). This supports data from Egan et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e) and Wu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e) showing improved preventative behavior linked with increased knowledge levels and favourable health perspectives. These results underline the necessity of focused educational campaigns to improve awareness, clear misunderstandings, and encourage within academic staff a proactive attitude towards the prevention of hypertension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study have significant implications for practice, policy, and future research initiatives. For practice, the study emphasizes the need of improved health education programs among academic staff to solve knowledge gaps and misunderstandings found. Particularly university occupational health services, healthcare professionals should create focused initiatives encouraging frequent blood pressure monitoring, good lifestyle choices, and early hypertension screening. Customized health promotion initiatives could enhance adherence to preventative measures and self-care, hence lowering the load of hypertension in educational environments. From a policy standpoint, the findings underline the need of institutional and governmental action to include cardiovascular risk screening and hypertension education into regular workplace wellness programs. Universities should think about requiring regular health evaluations for employees and granting access to physical activity and stress-reducing activities. Policymakers could also use these results to support better health insurance coverage, therefore addressing the financial obstacles to preventative treatment noted among participants. Future studies could build on this work by extending the sample to include non-academic staff members and additional universities and using longitudinal approaches to investigate causal links. Including qualitative techniques could also offer more detailed understanding of the personal and sociocultural elements affecting hypertension awareness and behavior, directing more successful treatments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2 Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThough this study offers insightful analysis, limitations have to be admitted. First of all, the cross-sectional form of the study restricts the capacity of the academic staff to prove causality among knowledge, perception, and preventive actions. The reliance on self-reported data through structured questionnaires may have introduced social desirability and recall biases, therefore maybe encouraging individuals to over-report desired behaviors including good dietary habits or exercise routines. Furthermore, albeit using multistage sampling, the study constrained to four of the nine faculties at FUTO, influencing the generalizability of the results to the whole academic staff population of the university. The exclusion of non-academic personnel and other colleges reduces the external validity of the findings even more. Moreover, the study neglected other possible confounding elements like co-morbidities, genetic inclination, or psychological effects that might have affected the knowledge and practices of the participants. The moderate sample size, in spite of the high response rate, significantly lowers the study's ability to identify more minor variations or correlations. Finally, the study lacked qualitative data, which would have helped to clarify the underlying causes of particular opinions and actions toward the control of hypertension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.3 Conclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults from this study revealed that academic staff at FUTO have a generally positive knowledge and perception of hypertension, but there are still some misconceptions and knowledge gaps. The participants demonstrated varying levels of adherence to preventive practices, with some engaging consistently and others inconsistently. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to improve knowledge, address misconceptions, and promote positive attitudes towards hypertension. There is a significant relationship between knowledge, perception, and preventive practices (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0020), highlighting the need for tailored educational programs and supportive environments. Collaborative efforts are required to enhance hypertension management among academic staff and reduce the burden of the condition.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors Contribution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the review process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrecious Ebube Anyakorah\u003c/strong\u003e: Conceptualization, Protocol development, Data Collection, Data analysis and presentation, Original draft preparation, Project coordination, and Writing - Review editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDavid Chinaecherem Innocent\u003c/strong\u003e: Supervision, Data Analysis, Writing - Review editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChiamaka Judith Ezenwa:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOriginal draft preparation, Data Collection, Investigation, Writing - Review editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJoakin Chidozie Nwaokoro:\u003c/strong\u003e Investigation, Validation, Supervision\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVelly Alero Emina:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData Collection, Original draft preparation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinal Approval of the Manuscript\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance was obtained from the FUTO Department of Public Health Local Ethics Committee before this research was conducted. The research was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical guidelines and standards set forth by the committee. \u0026nbsp;The purpose of the research was explained to each respondent, and consent was obtained from them before inclusion in the study. Also, the anonymity of the respondents was assured. The confidentiality of the information they gave was also maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be made available upon request by the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have declared that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funds were received for this study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial Number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAddo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50(6):1012\u0026ndash;8. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBonderman D, Lang IM. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease. 2011;1253\u0026ndash;9. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSudano I, Suter P, Beuschlein F. Secondary hypertension as a cause of treatment resistance. Blood Press. 2023 Dec;32(1):2224898. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChorney MLA. Impact of American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline Toolkit on Blood Pressure. Grand Canyon University; 2023. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLackland DT, Weber MA. Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2015;31(5):569\u0026ndash;71. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organisation. Chronic disease and Health Promotion,. WHO Info Base.; 2017. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwagirumukiza M, De Bacquer D, Kips JG, de Backer G, Vander Stichele R, Van Bortel LM. Current and projected prevalence of arterial hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa by sex, age and habitat: an estimate from population studies. Journal of hypertension. 2011;29(7):1243\u0026ndash;52. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, Thompson JY, Obi FA. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hypertension. 2015;33(2):230\u0026ndash;42. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMgbahurike A, Lelesi T. KNOWLEDGE attitude and perception of hypertension among staff of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2022; \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOliveira-Dantas FF, Browne RAV, Oliveira RS, Cabral LLP, de Farias Junior LF, Costa EC. Effect of high-velocity resistance exercise on 24-h blood pressure in hypertensive older women. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;42(01):41\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViera AJ, Cohen LW, Mitchell CM, Sloane PD. High blood pressure knowledge among primary care patients with known hypertension: a North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) study. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2008;21(4):300\u0026ndash;8. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlzahrani AA, Alqahtani AS, Vennu V, Bindawas SM. Feasibility and Efficacy of Low-to-Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training in Reducing Resting Blood Pressure in Sedentary Older Saudis with Hypertension Living in Social Home Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina. 2023;59(6):1171. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamiloni BO, Ogun SA, Aina AO. Knowledge and awareness of hypertension among patients with systemic hypertension. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2004;96(5):620. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOdelola OI, Akinpelu A, Idowu AO, Adesegun OA, Osibowale BT, Ehioghae O, et al. Hypertension: Predictors of Knowledge among Market Women in the Sub-Urban Town of Sagamu, South West Nigeria. African Journal of Health Sciences. 2021;34(4):526\u0026ndash;36. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdullahi AA, Amzat J. Knowledge of hypertension among the staff of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and epidemiology. 2011;3(5):204\u0026ndash;9. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAKINLADE AF. Knowledge and Perception about Hypertension and Its Risk Factors among Staff of Ibadan North Local Government, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2016; \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEkwunife OI, Udeogaranya PO, Nwatu IL. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a Nigerian population. 2010; \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCampbell NR, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang X. Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation‐specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2015;17(3):165\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIloh GUP, Amadi AN. Risk factors of dyslipidaemia in a cohort of geriatric Nigerians with essential hypertension in a rural hospital in eastern Nigeria. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2015;5(2):203\u0026ndash;12. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHan H, Chan K, Song H, Nguyen T, Lee J, Kim MT. Development and evaluation of a hypertension knowledge test for Korean hypertensive patients. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2011;13(10):750\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS. Acc/aha/aapa/abc/acpm/ags/APhA/ASH/ASPC/nma/pcna guideline for the prevention, Detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart Association. Task force on clinical practice guidelines//J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.-2017.-Nov 13. Почки. 2018;7(1):68\u0026ndash;74. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBosu WK, Reilly ST, Aheto JMK, Zucchelli E. Hypertension in older adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2019;14(4):e0214934. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLewington S, Lacey B, Clarke R, Guo Y, Kong XL, Yang L, et al. The burden of hypertension and associated risk for cardiovascular mortality in China. JAMA internal medicine. 2016;176(4):524\u0026ndash;32. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGEORGE ST, AKPAN GE, DIMKPA GC, ISAAC H. KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES OF HYPERTENSION AMONG STAFF OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF UYO, NIGERIA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIA. 2024;7(1). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShaikh MA, Dur-e-Yakta S, Kumar R. Hypertension knowledge, attitude and practice in adult hypertensive patients at LUMHS. JLUMHS. 2012;11(02):113. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for hypertension: a prescription update integrating existing recommendations with emerging research. Current hypertension reports. 2015;17:1\u0026ndash;10. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M, McCormack T, Williams B. Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance. Bmj. 2011;343. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGorostegi-Anduaga I, Corres P, MartinezAguirre-Betolaza A, P\u0026eacute;rez-Asenjo J, Aispuru GR, Fryer SM, et al. Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(4):343\u0026ndash;53. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEgan BM, Lackland DT, Cutler NE. Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of older Americans about high blood pressure: implications for health care policy, education, and research. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003;163(6):681\u0026ndash;7. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtaklte F, Erqou S, Kaptoge S, Taye B, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Kengne AP. Burden of undiagnosed hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2015;65(2):291\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hypertension, academic staff, knowledge, perception, preventive practices, awareness, misconceptions, FUTO","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent chronic health condition that poses significant risks to individuals and public health. It is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes, and is associated with various complications. Academics, who play a crucial role in the education and development of students, are not exempted from the potential impact of hypertension on their health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and perception of hypertension among academic staff at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), in Imo State. A descriptive cross sectional study design was employed for the study, A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection of the study and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for the analysis of the study.A total of 333 participants were included in the study. The findings revealed that the majority of participants (95.0%) were familiar with the term \"hypertension,\" and 78.4% correctly identified the normal range for blood pressure in adults as 120/80 mmHg. However, there were some misconceptions, with 10.4% providing an incorrect response. The perception of hypertension as a serious health condition was high, with 77.7% of participants agreeing or strongly agreeing. Participants recognized the potential complications of untreated hypertension (72.9%) and the importance of regular exercise (62.1%) and maintaining a healthy diet (61.3%) in managing hypertension. However, there were variations in the adoption of preventive practices, with only 33.5% reporting always consuming a healthy diet and 10.9% always engaging in regular exercise. The study also found a significant relationship between knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of hypertension (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.0020). These findings highlight the importance of targeted educational programs and interventions to improve knowledge and promote healthy practices among academic staff at FUTO. Such initiatives can contribute to better hypertension prevention and management, leading to improved health outcomes among the academic community.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge and Perception of Hypertension Among Academic Staff of Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-11 07:08:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6736623/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-19T20:39:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-12T17:59:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-10T07:32:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-05T18:42:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"38759750020349777887450120090277757757","date":"2025-09-03T13:31:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"157692291989812832737282944922743789789","date":"2025-09-03T11:52:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"140980249468404428920152449048180287327","date":"2025-09-03T11:15:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-02T20:55:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"296661366812576825464006433111581794927","date":"2025-09-02T14:29:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"50268933033543051745570324433822670527","date":"2025-08-29T14:30:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-05T21:14:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"272905863860162085749979460294698769118","date":"2025-08-03T16:06:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177153589139366303465438002317745077753","date":"2025-08-02T11:00:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-01T15:08:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-10T12:52:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-02T12:15:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Public Health","date":"2025-07-02T12:12:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fc1a8015-b16c-4e47-81d4-5c35ea66d451","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T16:29:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6736623","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01208-y","journal":{"identity":"discover-public-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Discover Public Health"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-28 16:10:34","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 28th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-11 07:08:19","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12982-025-01208-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-01208-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6736623","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6736623","identity":"rs-6736623","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}