Simultaneous Power and Data Transfer over Common Bus Using Talkative Bidirectional Flyback Converters for Battery Equalization 

Simultaneous Power and Data Transfer over Common Bus Using Talkative Bidirectional Flyback Converters for Battery Equalization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Simultaneous Power and Data Transfer over Common Bus Using Talkative Bidirectional Flyback Converters for Battery Equalization Jiting Wang, Bingkun Zeng, Lingyu Li, Jiande Wu, Yan Deng, Xiangning He, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8868304/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cell inconsistency is inevitable for lithium-ion batteries during long-term operation, necessitating the use of battery equalization systems (BESs). In such systems, real-time data communication is essential for ensuring accurate system coordination and effective equalization performance. This paper proposes a distributed BES based on the talkative power converter (TPC) technique, employing a bidirectional flyback converter as the core equalization unit. In the proposed approach, the converter not only transfers energy among distributed battery modules but also modulates data signals for communication. This dual-function design eliminates the need for additional communication hardware or dedicated signal transmission circuits, thereby reducing the overall system complexity. On this basis, a distributed equalization system and its communication channel model are developed. The system noise sources are then analyzed and a noise suppression strategy is proposed to improve the communication reliability. Furthermore, a time-division communication protocol tailored to the distributed architecture is designed. Finally, a hardware prototype is constructed and tested, achieving real-time data communication at a rate of 8.33 kb/s. The results verify the feasibility of using switching-ripple-based power and signal dual modulation for communication within distributed BESs. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Physics Talkative Power Converter (TPC) Power and Signal Dual Modulation (PSDM) Battery Equalization System (BES) Bidirectional Flyback Converter Frequency Hopping-Differential Phase Shift Keying Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 25 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 20 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 19 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8868304","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597217204,"identity":"d563850c-697d-4ca2-a56a-ee82c47d808d","order_by":0,"name":"Jiting Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiting","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":597217205,"identity":"d4636a37-ebe8-4a30-922f-b765ddae6c50","order_by":1,"name":"Bingkun Zeng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bingkun","middleName":"","lastName":"Zeng","suffix":""},{"id":597217206,"identity":"1ea6faa6-1c61-4739-b882-6ddf288bd67e","order_by":2,"name":"Lingyu Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lingyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":597217207,"identity":"9e5288a9-915e-490b-bed2-be456544979a","order_by":3,"name":"Jiande Wu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACA54KBmYQQ4IELWdI1cLA2wahidPCz95jUPB2Xh27wQHmg7d5GOzyCGqR7DljYDh3GxuzwQG2ZGsehuRigloMbuRuMObdxgPUwmMmzcNwILGBkBb7+2+BWuZIALXwfyNOi4EEL1BLgwHIFjbitEicyf9gOOdYArPkYTZjyzkGyYS18LcfSzN4U1OXzHe8+eGNNxV2hLUAAZsBkEiGRKYBEeqBgPkBkLAjTu0oGAWjYBSMSAAAssY0gzzD1R0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiande","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":597217208,"identity":"5041b86c-7009-4d97-8112-b4723d183121","order_by":4,"name":"Yan Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":597217209,"identity":"a9ed294b-0875-4cfe-9dcc-6a4608cf77c7","order_by":5,"name":"Xiangning He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiangning","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":597217210,"identity":"216684fa-9fad-43cb-94a4-91f82b3d83f6","order_by":6,"name":"BT Maharaj","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Pretoria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"BT","middleName":"","lastName":"Maharaj","suffix":""},{"id":597217211,"identity":"00b22a1f-7369-4495-8972-c9ba8eb0b025","order_by":7,"name":"R.C. 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In such systems, real-time data communication is essential for ensuring accurate system coordination and effective equalization performance. This paper proposes a distributed BES based on the talkative power converter (TPC) technique, employing a bidirectional flyback converter as the core equalization unit. In the proposed approach, the converter not only transfers energy among distributed battery modules but also modulates data signals for communication. This dual-function design eliminates the need for additional communication hardware or dedicated signal transmission circuits, thereby reducing the overall system complexity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn this basis, a distributed equalization system and its communication channel model are developed. The system noise sources are then analyzed and a noise suppression strategy is proposed to improve the communication reliability. Furthermore, a time-division communication protocol tailored to the distributed architecture is designed. Finally, a hardware prototype is constructed and tested, achieving real-time data communication at a rate of 8.33 kb/s. 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