Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Structural Equation Modeling Approach 

Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Structural Equation Modeling Approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Structural Equation Modeling Approach Nevin GÜNAYDIN, Gaye YILDIRIM This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7972964/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensorimotor disorder associated with substantial impairments in sleep and quality of life. Psychological factors, particularly personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation, have been suggested as potential determinants of symptom severity, yet empirical evidence remains limited. This study investigated the relationships between personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity, and tested the potential mediating role of emotion regulation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 patients with clinically diagnosed RLS recruited from a neurology outpatient clinic in Türkiye. Data were collected using the International RLS Study Group Severity Rating Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Cervantes Personality Scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect relationships between personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity, while group differences were analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA. Results Participants reported moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms (M = 2.45 ± 0.58). Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were used more frequently than adaptive ones (M = 3.89 ± 0.67 vs. M = 2.84 ± 0.46). Women had significantly higher RLS severity and lower adaptive coping than men (p < 0.05). SEM results indicated that neuroticism and inconsistency/low conscientiousness predicted higher RLS severity (β = 0.110, p = 0.037; β = 0.152, p = 0.006). Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies also predicted increased severity (β = 0.120, p < 0.05), but no mediating effects were observed. Conclusions Personality traits and maladaptive emotion regulation directly influence RLS severity, independent of mediation effects. Incorporating psychological and personality assessment into clinical practice may enhance individualized treatment and strengthen adaptive regulation and resilience among RLS patients. Restless Legs Syndrome personality traits cognitive emotion regulation mediation structural equation modeling Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensory–motor disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, accompanied by unpleasant sensations. Symptoms typically worsen at rest and during the night, leading to substantial impairments in sleep quality, daily functioning, and overall quality of life [ 1 – 4 ]. The global prevalence of RLS ranges between 3% and 15%, yet diagnostic rates remain low, with women being two to three times more frequently affected than men [ 4 – 8 ]. Epidemiological studies in Turkey, despite methodological and regional variations, consistently highlight RLS as a significant public health concern. According to the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of RLS in individuals aged ≥ 18 years is estimated at 12.1%, rising to 15.3% in the 50–65 age group, whereas rates of diagnosis and medical consultation remain low [ 9 – 11 ]. Although dopaminergic dysfunction and genetic predisposition play a central role in the pathophysiology of RLS, increasing attention has been given in recent years to psychosocial and personality-related factors as potential determinants of symptom severity [ 12 – 16 ]. Consequently, RLS is no longer viewed as a purely physical condition but as one that encompasses significant psychiatric and neurocognitive dimensions [ 4 , 6 , 17 , 18 ]. Nevertheless, empirical studies specifically addressing these psychological aspects remain scarce. Notably, elevated neuroticism and reduced self-directedness have been found to be more prevalent among RLS patients, and these traits are associated with greater symptom severity [ 13 , 16 , 19 ]. in emotion regulation, alexithymia, heightened somatic sensitivity, and anger have also been positively linked to RLS severity [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 19 ]. Comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disturbances including depression, anxiety, attentional deficits, and impaired cognitive performance are frequently reported in RLS populations [ 17 , 18 , 21 , 22 ]. These psychological and neurocognitive burdens not only exacerbate the illness experience but may also undermine adherence to treatment [ 12 , 23 , 24 ]. Cognitive emotion regulation represents another psychological mechanism closely tied to personality traits. Personality dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are increasingly recognized as critical, yet underexplored, determinants of the course and severity of RLS [ 20 , 22 , 24 , 25 ]. Adaptive strategies, such as positive reappraisal and refocusing on planning, are associated with psychological resilience and reduced symptom burden, whereas maladaptive strategies—rumination, catastrophizing, and self-blame—are linked to greater distress and chronicity of symptoms [ 26 , 27 ]. In the context of RLS, maladaptive strategies may heighten emotional reactivity, intensify symptom perception, and weaken coping capacity [ 28 , 29 ]. Current treatment approaches, however, are predominantly pharmacological and symptom-focused, often overlooking psychological vulnerabilities [ 30 , 31 ]. (Consequently, there is a growing consensus on the need for a biopsychosocial perspective and the development of personalized intervention strategies in RLS management [ 24 , 30 , 32 ]. Despite increasing interest in the psychological aspects of RLS, few studies have simultaneously examined the combined role of personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in determining symptom severity. The majority of existing research has focused predominantly on biological correlates. Addressing this gap, the present study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect associations among personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity using a structural equation modeling approach. By adopting this framework, the study seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive and psychologically informed model of RLS, thereby supporting holistic disease management, individualized treatment strategies, and ultimately, improved quality of life among affected individuals. Study Aim and Research Questions StudyAim The aim of this study was to examine the associations between Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) severity, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and personality traits, and to test the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in these relationships. Research Questions To what extent do personality traits directly predict perceived RLS severity? Do adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity? Do maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity? How do personality traits influence RLS severity indirectly through adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies? Do these effects differ across subgroups of individuals diagnosed with RLS (e.g., based on demographic or clinical characteristics)? Methods Study Aim and Design The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation, and disease severity in individuals diagnosed with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). A cross-sectional, correlational design was adopted, employing a predictive relational model. Mediation pathways were tested within the framework of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Setting and Participants The study was conducted in the neurology outpatient clinic of a state hospital located in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. The target population consisted of individuals diagnosed with RLS within the previous year. Participants were recruited consecutively between July 15, 2020, and February 15, 2021. A total of 199 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Sample size adequacy was assessed using G*Power 3.1. Based on a multiple regression model with an assumed medium effect size (f² = 0.15), significance level (α) = 0.05, power (1–β) = 0.95, and four predictor variables, the required minimum sample was calculated as 129. The obtained sample of 199 participants exceeded this threshold, indicating sufficient statistical power for SEM analyses. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria were: (a) aged 18–65 years; (b) diagnosis of RLS according to the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria (≥ 4 points on the diagnostic questionnaire); (c) at least 6 months since diagnosis; (d) currently receiving standard pharmacological treatment for RLS; (e) at least primary school education, with the ability to read and understand informed consent; and (f) willingness to participate and provide signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria included comorbid conditions likely to significantly influence RLS assessment (e.g., severe cognitive impairment, neurological disorders other than RLS). Instruments Data were collected using the following measures: Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form – Developed by the researchers to obtain demographic (e.g., age, sex, marital status, education) and clinical characteristics (e.g., medication use, family history, comorbidities). IRLSSG Diagnostic Questionnaire – Used to confirm RLS diagnosis according to international criteria [ 1 , 33 ]. IRLSSG Severity Rating Scale – Developed in 2003 to assess symptom severity over the previous week, yielding total scores categorized as mild (0–10), moderate (11–20), severe (21–30), and very severe (31–40) [ 34 ]. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) – A 36-item self-report instrument measuring nine emotion regulation strategies [ 35 ]. The Turkish version (Onat & Otrar, 2010) has demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.94); in the present study, α = 0.87. Cervantes Personality Scale – A 20-item Likert-type instrument assessing three personality dimensions (Extraversion/Introversion, Emotional Stability/Neuroticism, and Consistency/Inconsistency) (Castelo-Branco et al., 2008). The Turkish adaptation [ 36 ]. was used, with scoring procedures following the original guidelines. Procedure Eligible patients receiving outpatient treatment were approached during routine clinical visits. After being informed about the study, those who provided verbal and written consent completed the diagnostic screening, followed by the severity rating, personality, and emotion regulation scales in a structured face-to-face interview. The average completion time was approximately 15 minutes. Data Analysis Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) were computed for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Internal consistency of the measurement instruments was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Between-group comparisons were examined using independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA. For hypothesis (Fig. 1 ) testing, SEM was performed using AMOS software to evaluate the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. Personality dimensions (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) were specified as exogenous variables, cognitive emotion regulation as mediators, and RLS severity as the endogenous outcome. Path coefficients (β) and significance levels (p-values) were reported, and model fit indices were evaluated. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of XXXXX University (Approval no: 91120269-050.02.04-E.00000490572/2020/56, dated March 26, 2020). Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results Participant Characteristics Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants are summarized in Table 1 . The majority were women (79.4%), married (76.4%), aged 41–60 years (55.2%), and primary school graduates (35.7%). A large proportion were homemakers or unemployed (65.8%). Regular medication use was reported by 71.4% of participants, and 83.4% had health insurance. Most participants perceived their income level as moderate (70.9%), while 57.3% reported a stable income. Comorbid medical conditions were present in 15.1%, and 7.5% reported a family history of RLS. Among regular medication users, the most common groups were thyroid drugs (33.3%), antidepressants (17.7%), and antihypertensives (13.5%). Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants (n = 199) Variable Category n % Variable Category n % Age < 30 11 5,5 Education Status Literate 41 20,6 31–40 44 22,1 Primary school 71 35,7 41–50 56 28,1 Secondary school 19 9,5 51–60 54 27,1 High school 48 24,1 61 and above 34 17,1 University 20 10,1 Gender Man 41 20,6 Occupation Housewife 131 65,8 Woman 158 79,4 Student/ unemployed 10 5,0 Marital status Married 152 76,4 Retired 16 8,0 Widowed 37 18,6 Self-employed 3 1,5 Single 10 5,0 Sivil servant 15 7,5 Type of Medication used Thyroid 32 33,3* Worker 24 12,1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 7 7,3* Perceived Income Level Low 58 29,1 Antidepressants 17 17,7* Medium 141 70,9 Hypertension (HT) 13 13,5* Regular Medication Use Yes 142 71,4 DM + HT 8 8,3* No 57 28,6 Migraine 3 3,1* Social security Yes 166 83,4 Cardiac 10 10,4* No 33 16,6 Cancer 2 2,1* Income status Yes 114 57,3 Polypharmacy 4 4,2* No 85 42,7 Presence of Comorbid Disease Yes 30 15,1 Is there anyone with RLS in your family? Yes 15 7,5 No 169 84,9 No 184 92,5 *İlaç türü verileri sadece ilaç kullanan 96 kişi üzerinden verilmiştir (%48,2). Bu nedenle yüzdeler bu alt örnekleme dayalıdır. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics for the study measures are presented in Table 2 . The mean RLS severity score was above the mid-point (M = 2.45 ± 0.58). Among cognitive emotion regulation strategies, maladaptive strategies showed the highest mean score (M = 3.89 ± 0.67), whereas adaptive strategies were lower (M = 2.84 ± 0.46). Regarding personality traits, introversion (M = 3.00 ± 0.74), neuroticism (M = 2.59 ± 0.97), and inconsistency (M = 1.66 ± 0.90) were the most prominent. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from .74 to .86, indicating acceptable internal consistency across all scales. Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for the Scales Variables N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Cronbach Alpha a Restless Legs Syndrome Severity 199 ,70 3,90 2,4518 ,58056 ,074 ,074 ,781 Cognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping 199 1,50 5.67 3.8899 .674 .178 .126 .866 Cognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping 199 .83 3.83 2.8432 .463 − .976 2.108 .759 Emotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality 199 ,71 5,00 3,0043 ,74852 -,110 ,753 ,745 Conscientious/Inconscientious Personality 199 ,14 5,00 2,5922 ,97647 -,092 -,165 ,754 Emotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality 199 ,00 5,00 1,6608 ,90413 ,411 ,206 ,762 Group Comparisons Group differences are presented in Table 3 . Women had significantly higher RLS severity than men (2.49 ± 0.56 vs. 2.29 ± 0.61; t = 2.015, p = 0.045). Women also reported lower adaptive coping (t = − 3.342, p = 0.001) and higher extraversion (t = 3.118, p = 0.002). Table 3 Comparison of Scale Scores by Demographic Variable Group n Restless Legs Syndrome Severity (M/SD) Cognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping (M/SD) Cognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping (M/SD) Extraverted/Introverted Personality Mean / SD Emotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality (M/SD) Consistent/Inconsistent Personality (M/SD) Gender Woman 158 2,4937 / 0,5667 3,8028 / 0,7899 2.6331/.4955 3,0868 / 0,7309 2,6157 / 0,9798 1,6456 / 0,8829 Man 41 2,2902 / 0,6119 3,9124 / 0,6451 2.8977/.4398 2,6864 / 0,7390 2,5017 / 0,9700 1,7195 / 0,9912 t / p 2,015 / 0,045 − .927 / 0,355 -3.342/.001 3,118 / 0,002 0,665 / 0,507 -0,466 / 0,642 Social security Yes 166 2,4807 / 0,5780 3,8740 / 0,6843 2.8502/.4846 3,0189 / 0,7738 2,5843 / 0,9867 1,6124 / 0,9100 No 33 2,3061 / 0,5804 3,9697 / 0,6263 2.8081/.3389 2,9307 / 0,6104 2,6320 / 0,9368 1,9040 / 0,8458 t / p 1,584 / 0,115 − .744 / 0.458 .476/.635 -0,617 / 0,538 -0,256 / 0,798 -1,700 / 0,091 Income Level Yes 114 2,4518 / 0,5339 3,8348 / 0,7072 2.7507/.4881 2,9211 / 0,7720 2,4962 / 0,9461 1,6096 / 0,9063 No 85 2,4518 / 0,6412 3,9637 / 0,6243 2.9672/.3973 3,1160 / 0,7049 2,7210 / 1,0070 1,7294 / 0,9019 t / p 0,000 / 1,000 -1.337 / 0,183 -3.344/.001 -1,828 / 0,069 -1,613 / 0,108 -0,924 / 0,357 Perceived Income Low 58 2,5931 / 0,67975 3,8003 / 0,7463 2.8226/.4926 3,0640 / 0,77287 2,5468 / 0,92044 1,4052 / 0,85903 Medium 141 2,3936 / 0,52620 3,9267 / 0,6418 2.8517/.4520 2,9797 / 0,73967 2,6109 / 1,00118 1,7660 / 0,90413 t / p 2,225/, 027 -1.203/.230 − .402/.688 ,721/,472 -,420/,675 -2,595/, 010 Regular Medication Use Yes 142 2,5556 / 0,5622 3,8744 / 0,67209 2.8239/.45499 3,0372 / 0,7929 2,6388 / 0,9869 1,5951 / 0,8742 No 57 2,1930 / 0,5480 3,9284 / 0,68473 2.8911/.48353 2,9223 / 0,6233 2,4762 / 0,9485 1,8246 / 0,9633 t / p 4,143 / 0,000 − .509/ 0,611 − .924/.356 0,979 / 0,329 1,063 / 0,289 -1,625 / 0,106 Presence of RLS in the Family Yes 15 2,6067 / 0,6713 3,7500 / 0,7169 2,6750/.6413 2,4476 / 1,0143 2,5619 / 1,1712 1,6556 / 1,0322 No 184 2,4391 / 0,5728 3,9013 / 0,6716 2.8569/.4451 3,0497 / 0,7071 2,5947 / 0,9626 1,6612 / 0,8961 t / p 1,075 / 0,284 -,835 / 0,405 -1.467/.144 -3,058 / 0,003 -0,125 / 0,901 -0,023 / 0,981 Presence of Comorbid Disease Yes 30 2,6200 / 0,5567 3,8583/ 0,8270 2.6819/.8270 2,7905 / 1,0272 2,8571 / 1,1392 1,6089 / 0,9893 No 169 2,4219 / 0,5812 3,8955/ 0,6464 2.8717/.6259 3,0423 / 0,6845 2,5452 / 0,9407 1,9826 / 0,8785 t / p 1,731 / 0,085 -,277 / 0,782 -2.087/.119 -1,706 / 0,090 1,619 / 0,107 2,177 / 0,031 Perceived income was associated with significant differences: participants with a regular income scored higher on adaptive coping (t = − 3.344, p = 0.001). Lower perceived income was linked to higher RLS severity (t = 2.225, p = 0.027), whereas higher perceived income was associated with consistency (t = − 2.595, p = 0.010). Regular medication users reported greater RLS severity (2.55 vs. 2.19; t = 4.143, p < 0.001). Family history of RLS was associated with higher introversion (t = − 3.058, p = 0.003), while comorbid medical conditions were linked to higher inconsistency (t = 2.177, p = 0.031). Findings by marital status, education, and occupation are summarized in Table 4 . Married participants reported higher RLS severity (F(2,197) = 4.408, p = 0.013) and adaptive coping scores (F(2,197) = 6.669, p = 0.002). University graduates reported lower RLS severity than primary school graduates (F(4,194) = 2.440, p = 0.048). High school graduates had significantly lower extraversion scores compared to illiterate participants (F(4,194) = 3.518, p = 0.008). Among occupational groups, homemakers, students, and unemployed participants exhibited the highest RLS severity (F(5,194) = 3.991, p = 0.002). Table 4 Comparison of Scale Scores by Demographic Variables Group n Restless Legs Syndrome Severity (M/SD) Cognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping (M/SD) Cognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping (M/SD) Extraverted/Introverted Personality Mean / SD Emotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality (M/SD) Consistent/Inconsistent Personality (M/SD) Age 15–30 11 2,00 / 0,82 3,8030/ 0,8056 2,9583/.2776 3,03 / 0,62 2,45 / 0,95 1,76 / 0,91 31–40 44 2,45 / 0,53 4,1326 / 0,6045 2,8769/5392 2,85 / 0,88 2,77 / 1,00 1,78 / 0,87 41–50 56 2,54 / 0,56 3,8482/ 0,7310 2,8170/4423 3,04 / 0,77 2,69 / 1,02 1,67 / 0,93 51–60 54 2,49 / 0,64 3,8719 / 0,6831 2,9267/.4265 3,04 / 0,67 2,47 / 0,93 1,50 / 0,95 61 and above 34 2,40 / 0,43 3,7010/0.5432 2,6728/.4670 3,08 / 0,72 2,44 / 0,96 1,73 / 0,83 F/p 2,177/ 0,073 2,256/ 0,065 1,897/.113 0,611/0,655 0,972/0,424 0,678/ 0,608 Post Hoc(LSD) Marital Status Married 152 2,4822 / 0,5618 3,8876/.6563 2,9054/.4275 3,0630 / 0,7067 2,6419 / 0,9903 1,6283 / 0,8992 Widowed 37 2,4676 / 0,5803 3,8423/.7248 2,6070/.5612 2,7992 / 0,8943 2,3668 / 0,9132 1,6396 / 0,8593 Single 10 1,9300 / 0,6734 4,1000/.7874 2,7708/.3038 2,8714 / 0,7045 2,6714 / 0,9643 2,2333 / 1,0399 F/p 4,408/ .013 .576/563 6.669/.002 2,034/ .134 1,218/ .298 2,138/.121 Post Hoc(LSD) Widowed < Married/Single Widowed < Married Education Status Literate 41 2,5195 / 0,6489 3.7947/.4809 2.8648/.3838 3,0767 / 0,6540 2,3310 / 0,8867 1,5488 / 0,8907 Primary school 71 2,5563 / 0,5664 3.9014/.7495 2.8028/.5310 3,2093 / 0,8192 2,7767 / 0,9441 1,6784 / 0,9130 Secondary school 19 2,2632 / 0,6103 3.9211/.6511 2.9737/.3804 2,8496 / 0,4554 2,6466 / 0,9717 1,6930 / 0,8449 High school 48 2,4292 / 0,4972 3.9410/.7044 2.8655/.4695 2,7232 / 0,7567 2,6190 / 0,9881 1,7049 / 0,8617 University 20 2,1750 / 0,5581 3.8917/.7260 2.7646/.4143 2,9500 / 0,6769 2,3571 / 1,1620 1,6917 / 1,1086 F/p 2,440/ .048 .284/.888 .702/.591 3,518/ .008 1,704/.151 0,201/.938 Post Hoc(LSD) University < Primary schooll High school < Literate Occupation Housewife 131 2,5542 / 0,5765 3.9103 2.9033 3,0992 / 0,7517 2,6467 / 0,9991 1,6489 / 0,8796 Student/ unemployed 16 2,4125 / 0,4992 3.6771 2.7214 2,8839 / 0,6308 2,1518 / 0,6791 1,6354 / 0,8349 Retired 3 2,2667 / 0,0577 3.8611 2.4861 3,0952 / 0,7047 3,4286 / 1,0000 2,8333 / 0,4410 Self-employed 15 2,3400 / 0,4154 4.0778 2.8056 2,8762 / 0,7728 2,8667 / 0,8596 1,6444 / 0,8928 Sivil servant 24 2,2667 / 0,5483 3.8899 2.6302 2,7738 / 0,7308 2,3274 / 1,0044 1,5417 / 1,0737 Worker 3.991 /.002 .738/.595 2.180/.058 1.469/.202 1.801/.114 1.165/.328 F/p Student/unemployd < housewife/unemployed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) The hypothesized model (see Fig. 2 ) was tested using AMOS 24.0, with personality traits (extraversion/introversion, emotional stability/neuroticism, consistency/inconsistency) as independent variables, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) as mediators, and RLS severity as the dependent variable. SEM results are presented in Tables 5 and 6 . The overall model demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data, with χ²/df = 2.15, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.94, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.062, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.048, indicating a satisfactory model fit according to conventional criteria. Table 5 The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Non-Matching) in the Relationships Between Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Consistency, and RLS Severity Dependent Independent Total effect(β) Direct effect(β) Inditerct effect (β) B (Estimate) SE CR p F5: Cognitive ER(Maladaptive) F1: Extraversion -0.144 -0.058 0.000 -0.058 0.057 -1.013 .311 F2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism 0.233 0.326 0.000 0.326 0.054 6.075 < .001*** F3: Conscientiousness / Un conscientiousness -0.065 0.046 0.000 0.046 0.057 0.804 .421 F4: RLS Severity F1: Extraversion/introversion -0.084 0.021 -0.008 0.021 0.056 0.377 .706 F2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism 0.021 0.066 0.042 0.066 0.056 1.167 .243 F3: Conscientiousness / Un conscientiousness -0.254 -0.156 0.006 0.156 0.055 2.841 .004** F5: Cognitive ER(Maladaptive) 0.015 0.130 0.000 0.120 0.069 1.898 .048* *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 Table 6 The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Adaptive) in the Relationships Between Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Consistency, and RLS Severity Dependent Independent Total effect(β) Direct effect(β) Inditerct effect (β) B (Estimate) SE CR p F6: Cognitive ER(Adaptive)) F1: Extraversion 0.138 0.138 0.000 0.138 0.044 3.147 .002** F2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism 0.068 0.068 0.000 0.068 0.041 1.655 .098 F3: Conscientiousness / Un conscientiousness -0.085 -0.085 0.000 -0.085 0.043 -1.957 .055 F4: RLS Severity F1: Extraversion/introversion 0.013 0.017 -0.003 0.017 0.057 0.289 .773 F2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism 0.108 0.110 -0.002 0.110 0.053 2.087 .037* F3: Conscientiousness / Un conscientiousness -0.150 -0.152 0.002 0.152 0.056 2.722 .006** F5: Cognitive ER(Adaptive) -0.023 -0.023 0.000 -0.023 0.091 -0.253 .801 *p < .05, **p < .01 Emotional stability was the strongest predictor of maladaptive strategies (β = 0.326, p < 0.001). Consistency/inconsistency positively predicted RLS severity (β = 0.156, p = 0.004). Maladaptive strategies were significantly associated with RLS severity (β = 0.120, p < 0.05), though they did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. Regarding adaptive strategies, extraversion positively predicted use (β = 0.138, p = 0.002), whereas consistency had a negative effect (β=–0.085, p = 0.055). Emotional stability (β = 0.110, p = 0.037) and consistency/inconsistency (β = 0.152, p = 0.006) significantly predicted RLS severity. However, mediation by adaptive strategies was not supported. Discussion The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies, and disease severity in individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that emotional stability/neuroticism and consistency/inconsistency were strong predictors of RLS severity, while maladaptive CER strategies were positively associated with symptom severity. In contrast, CER strategies did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. These results suggest that RLS severity is directly influenced by specific personality traits, and although emotion regulation processes are associated with symptom perception, they do not serve as mediators. Similar findings in the literature have also emphasized the predominance of direct over indirect effects [ 37 ]. Sociodemographic Differences This study found that women reported significantly higher RLS severity compared to men (p < .05). This result is consistent with previous studies using validated scales such as IRLS and RLS-6 [ 7 , 8 , 38 ]. Biological factors such as hormonal fluctuations, low ferritin levels, and pregnancy history may account for this gender difference [ 39 – 42 ]. Furthermore, sensory symptoms are reported to be more prominent in women, whereas motor symptoms predominate in men [ 38 , 40 , 43 ]. These findings highlight the importance of gender-specific approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of RLS. Married participants reported higher RLS severity and greater use of adaptive CER strategies (p < .05). This finding reflects the dual role of marriage in both providing social support and increasing stress [ 7 , 44 ]. Previous clinical research has also reported higher RLS prevalence and severity among married individuals, potentially explained by aging, comorbid conditions, increased responsibilities, and stress levels [ 44 , 45 ]. Thus, the coexistence of high RLS severity and greater use of adaptive coping in married individuals suggests that marriage may serve as both a risk and a protective factor. Educational level was inversely associated with RLS severity (p < .05); higher education was linked to lower symptom severity and lower introversion. This pattern likely reflects the protective influence of greater health literacy and coping skills [ 45 , 46 ]. Epidemiological evidence also identifies low education as a risk factor and high education as a buffer against RLS severity [ 47 ]. Accordingly, higher education appears to function as an important protective factor in RLS prevention and management. RLS severity also varied significantly across occupational groups (F(5,194) = 3.991, p = .002), with homemakers, students, and unemployed participants reporting the highest scores. These findings are consistent with evidence linking RLS to psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants, such as low physical activity, social isolation, psychological stress, and limited access to health care [ 47 , 48 ]. Given the negative impact of RLS on quality of life and its frequent comorbidity with depression and anxiety [ 49 , 50 ], early diagnosis, psychosocial support, and lifestyle interventions are particularly critical in these vulnerable groups. Personality Traits and RLS Severity One of the most notable findings was the positive association between neuroticism and RLS severity. This supports previous evidence suggesting that neuroticism weakens stress-coping ability and heightens symptom perception [ 10 , 51 ]. Patients with RLS have been shown to score higher on neuroticism compared with healthy controls, and given its strong links with depression and anxiety, neuroticism may also exert indirect effects via comorbid psychopathology [ 52 – 54 ]. Low self-directedness has also been reported as a risk factor for poor RLS management [ 20 ]. Thus, emotional stability emerges as a critical personality dimension influencing both the clinical course of RLS and coping processes. The present study also demonstrated that consistency/inconsistency significantly predicted RLS severity (p < .05). This is consistent with evidence linking inconsistency to low self-directedness, poor problem-solving capacity, anger, and alexithymia [ 10 , 20 , 51 , 55 , 56 ]. Conversely, meta-analyses highlight conscientiousness as protective [ 57 – 60 ]. Accordingly, consistency may mitigate symptom severity, while inconsistency may serve as a risk factor. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Participants reported higher mean scores for maladaptive CER strategies (M = 3.89 ± 0.67) compared to adaptive strategies (M = 2.84 ± 0.46). Maladaptive strategies significantly predicted RLS severity (p < .05), consistent with prior evidence linking them to greater symptom severity across psychopathologies [ 48 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Specifically in RLS, maladaptive strategies have been associated with greater symptom severity and poorer quality of life [ 64 , 65 ]. These findings underscore maladaptive CER as a key psychosocial target for interventions aimed at reducing symptom perception and severity. In contrast, adaptive CER strategies did not significantly predict RLS severity. This aligns with studies suggesting that adaptive strategies exert less consistent effects on symptom reduction compared to maladaptive strategies [ 61 , 62 ]. Instead, adaptive strategies may play a more salient role in psychological well-being, subjective health perception, and social adjustment rather than in symptom severity per se. Mediation Effects SEM analyses indicated that CER strategies did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. This finding is consistent with literature suggesting that the biologically rooted neurobehavioral nature of RLS may limit the indirect impact of psychological processes on symptom severity [ 3 , 4 ]. Similarly, studies on chronic pain and somatic symptom disorders have reported that cognitive reappraisal exerts indirect rather than direct effects on symptom severity. Recent findings further suggest that CER strategies may be more relevant to psychological well-being than to disease severity itself [ 67 , 68 ]. Moreover, research indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation explain a substantial proportion of RLS severity, whereas personality traits and CER strategies do not mediate this relationship meaningfully [ 6 , 20 ]. Together, these findings support the view that personality traits exert direct effects on RLS severity, while CER strategies may not serve as mediators in this pathway. Clinical and Theoretical Contributions In this study, participants reported moderate-to-severe levels of RLS severity (M = 2.45 ± 0.58), consistent with clinical research indicating that RLS often presents with moderate or severe intensity [ 47 , 64 , 65 , 69 – 71 ]. Current AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine) guidelines recommend individualized disease management that integrates biomedical and psychosocial approaches for patients with moderate-to-severe RLS [ 21 , 72 ]. The present findings support this perspective, highlighting the role of not only biomedical but also psychological and personality-based determinants in shaping RLS severity. Targeting maladaptive CER strategies may provide promising opportunities for psychological interventions aimed at reducing symptom perception and improving quality of life. Accordingly, our study emphasizes that a holistic approach integrating biomedical, psychological, and personality-related factors consistent with AASM guideline recommendations is indispensable in the management of RLS. From a clinical perspective, incorporating psychological screening into the routine evaluation of RLS patients may help identify individuals at risk for heightened symptom perception and poor treatment adherence. Addressing maladaptive emotion regulation and personality-related vulnerabilities through brief psychosocial or cognitive-behavioral interventions could complement pharmacologic therapy and enhance overall disease management. Developing personalized treatment protocols that integrate psychological and neurological perspectives may ultimately improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Limitations and Future Directions This study has several limitations. First, the sample was recruited from a single neurology outpatient clinic, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to broader RLS populations. Second, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences regarding the relationships among personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and disease severity. Additionally, all measures were based on self-report instruments, which may be subject to response bias. Future multi-center and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore the potential causal pathways underlying the observed associations. Conclusion RLS severity is strongly influenced by personality traits and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, independent of mediation effects. Sociodemographic factors further shape symptom burden. These findings highlight the necessity of integrating psychological assessment into RLS management and underscore the potential benefits of individualized psychosocial interventions aimed at strengthening adaptive regulation and resilience. Integrating routine assessments of personality and emotion regulation into clinical practice could optimize pharmacological response, enhance treatment adherence, and inform tailored psychosocial support in patients with RLS. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the [name of ethics committee, blinded for review (approval no: 91120269-050.02.04-E.00000490569/2020/55, dated:26/03/2020). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Availability of data The data that support the findings of this study are available on re-quest from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly avail-able due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Competing Interest The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The researcher did not receive any financial support. Author contributions NG: Data collection, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing; Conceptualization, Writing – reviewing; supervision. GY: Data collection, Formal analysis Acknowledgments We would like to thank all participants for their interest and contributions to the study. References Allen RP. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":46690,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResearch Model\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7972964/v1/2723fd635b751be09ca5f930.png"},{"id":96252176,"identity":"6b7da2ab-ffdf-4234-ac4c-3aa9022f022d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:40:36","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":35703,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResearch Model Amos Output\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eF1: Extraversion F2: Emotional Stability F3: Consistency F4: Cognitive Emotion Regulation F5: RLS Severity\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7972964/v1/e64e70e8798a72517b1bfd15.png"},{"id":98623232,"identity":"f60f04e3-f9ca-4ce1-857d-a27b90289808","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-19 17:05:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2118326,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7972964/v1/0a9e649b-dc77-45ac-bfd0-f61953cf9b5c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Structural Equation Modeling Approach ","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRestless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensory\u0026ndash;motor disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, accompanied by unpleasant sensations. Symptoms typically worsen at rest and during the night, leading to substantial impairments in sleep quality, daily functioning, and overall quality of life [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The global prevalence of RLS ranges between 3% and 15%, yet diagnostic rates remain low, with women being two to three times more frequently affected than men [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5 CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Epidemiological studies in Turkey, despite methodological and regional variations, consistently highlight RLS as a significant public health concern. According to the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of RLS in individuals aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years is estimated at 12.1%, rising to 15.3% in the 50\u0026ndash;65 age group, whereas rates of diagnosis and medical consultation remain low [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough dopaminergic dysfunction and genetic predisposition play a central role in the pathophysiology of RLS, increasing attention has been given in recent years to psychosocial and personality-related factors as potential determinants of symptom severity [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13 CR14 CR15\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Consequently, RLS is no longer viewed as a purely physical condition but as one that encompasses significant psychiatric and neurocognitive dimensions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, empirical studies specifically addressing these psychological aspects remain scarce.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotably, elevated neuroticism and reduced self-directedness have been found to be more prevalent among RLS patients, and these traits are associated with greater symptom severity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. in emotion regulation, alexithymia, heightened somatic sensitivity, and anger have also been positively linked to RLS severity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disturbances including depression, anxiety, attentional deficits, and impaired cognitive performance are frequently reported in RLS populations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. These psychological and neurocognitive burdens not only exacerbate the illness experience but may also undermine adherence to treatment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation represents another psychological mechanism closely tied to personality traits. Personality dimensions and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are increasingly recognized as critical, yet underexplored, determinants of the course and severity of RLS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Adaptive strategies, such as positive reappraisal and refocusing on planning, are associated with psychological resilience and reduced symptom burden, whereas maladaptive strategies\u0026mdash;rumination, catastrophizing, and self-blame\u0026mdash;are linked to greater distress and chronicity of symptoms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. In the context of RLS, maladaptive strategies may heighten emotional reactivity, intensify symptom perception, and weaken coping capacity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Current treatment approaches, however, are predominantly pharmacological and symptom-focused, often overlooking psychological vulnerabilities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. (Consequently, there is a growing consensus on the need for a biopsychosocial perspective and the development of personalized intervention strategies in RLS management [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite increasing interest in the psychological aspects of RLS, few studies have simultaneously examined the combined role of personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in determining symptom severity. The majority of existing research has focused predominantly on biological correlates. Addressing this gap, the present study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect associations among personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity using a structural equation modeling approach. By adopting this framework, the study seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive and psychologically informed model of RLS, thereby supporting holistic disease management, individualized treatment strategies, and ultimately, improved quality of life among affected individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Aim and Research Questions\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudyAim\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to examine the associations between Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) severity, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and personality traits, and to test the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in these relationships.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResearch Questions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo what extent do personality traits directly predict perceived RLS severity?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eDo adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eDo maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow do personality traits influence RLS severity indirectly through adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eDo these effects differ across subgroups of individuals diagnosed with RLS (e.g., based on demographic or clinical characteristics)?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy Aim and Design\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation, and disease severity in individuals diagnosed with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). A cross-sectional, correlational design was adopted, employing a predictive relational model. Mediation pathways were tested within the framework of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSetting and Participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in the neurology outpatient clinic of a state hospital located in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. The target population consisted of individuals diagnosed with RLS within the previous year. Participants were recruited consecutively between July 15, 2020, and February 15, 2021. A total of 199 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample size adequacy was assessed using G*Power 3.1. Based on a multiple regression model with an assumed medium effect size (f\u0026sup2; = 0.15), significance level (α)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05, power (1\u0026ndash;β)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.95, and four predictor variables, the required minimum sample was calculated as 129. The obtained sample of 199 participants exceeded this threshold, indicating sufficient statistical power for SEM analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion and Exclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/b\u003e were: (a) aged 18\u0026ndash;65 years; (b) diagnosis of RLS according to the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4 points on the diagnostic questionnaire); (c) at least 6 months since diagnosis; (d) currently receiving standard pharmacological treatment for RLS; (e) at least primary school education, with the ability to read and understand informed consent; and (f) willingness to participate and provide signed informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/b\u003e included comorbid conditions likely to significantly influence RLS assessment (e.g., severe cognitive impairment, neurological disorders other than RLS).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInstruments\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected using the following measures:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSociodemographic and Clinical Information Form\u003c/b\u003e \u0026ndash; Developed by the researchers to obtain demographic (e.g., age, sex, marital status, education) and clinical characteristics (e.g., medication use, family history, comorbidities).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIRLSSG Diagnostic Questionnaire\u003c/b\u003e \u0026ndash; Used to confirm RLS diagnosis according to international criteria [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIRLSSG Severity Rating Scale\u003c/b\u003e \u0026ndash; Developed in 2003 to assess symptom severity over the previous week, yielding total scores categorized as mild (0\u0026ndash;10), moderate (11\u0026ndash;20), severe (21\u0026ndash;30), and very severe (31\u0026ndash;40) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)\u003c/b\u003e \u0026ndash; A 36-item self-report instrument measuring nine emotion regulation strategies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. The Turkish version (Onat \u0026amp; Otrar, 2010) has demonstrated strong internal consistency (α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.94); in the present study, α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.87.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCervantes Personality Scale\u003c/b\u003e \u0026ndash; A 20-item Likert-type instrument assessing three personality dimensions (Extraversion/Introversion, Emotional Stability/Neuroticism, and Consistency/Inconsistency) (Castelo-Branco et al., 2008). The Turkish adaptation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. was used, with scoring procedures following the original guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProcedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEligible patients receiving outpatient treatment were approached during routine clinical visits. After being informed about the study, those who provided verbal and written consent completed the diagnostic screening, followed by the severity rating, personality, and emotion regulation scales in a structured face-to-face interview. The average completion time was approximately 15 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) were computed for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Internal consistency of the measurement instruments was assessed using Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients. Between-group comparisons were examined using independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor hypothesis (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) testing, SEM was performed using AMOS software to evaluate the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. Personality dimensions (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) were specified as exogenous variables, cognitive emotion regulation as mediators, and RLS severity as the endogenous outcome. Path coefficients (β) and significance levels (p-values) were reported, and model fit indices were evaluated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of XXXXX University (Approval no: 91120269-050.02.04-E.00000490572/2020/56, dated March 26, 2020). Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eParticipant Characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The majority were women (79.4%), married (76.4%), aged 41\u0026ndash;60 years (55.2%), and primary school graduates (35.7%). A large proportion were homemakers or unemployed (65.8%). Regular medication use was reported by 71.4% of participants, and 83.4% had health insurance. Most participants perceived their income level as moderate (70.9%), while 57.3% reported a stable income. Comorbid medical conditions were present in 15.1%, and 7.5% reported a family history of RLS. Among regular medication users, the most common groups were thyroid drugs (33.3%), antidepressants (17.7%), and antihypertensives (13.5%).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;199)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20,6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35,7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61 and above\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20,6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65,8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79,4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudent/ unemployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76,4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetired\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18,6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSivil servant\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"8\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eType of Medication used\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThyroid\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33,3*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes Mellitus (DM)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,3*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePerceived Income Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntidepressants\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17,7*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70,9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHypertension (HT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13,5*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRegular Medication Use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71,4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDM\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;HT\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,3*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28,6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMigraine\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,1*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial security\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83,4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCardiac\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,4*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16,6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCancer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,1*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57,3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypharmacy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,2*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42,7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of Comorbid Disease\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15,1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs there anyone with RLS in your family?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84,9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92,5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e*İla\u0026ccedil; t\u0026uuml;r\u0026uuml; verileri sadece ila\u0026ccedil; kullanan 96 kişi \u0026uuml;zerinden verilmiştir (%48,2). Bu nedenle y\u0026uuml;zdeler bu alt \u0026ouml;rnekleme dayalıdır.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDescriptive Statistics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics for the study measures are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The mean RLS severity score was above the mid-point (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58). Among cognitive emotion regulation strategies, maladaptive strategies showed the highest mean score (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67), whereas adaptive strategies were lower (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46). Regarding personality traits, introversion (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.74), neuroticism (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.97), and inconsistency (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.90) were the most prominent. Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficients ranged from .74 to .86, indicating acceptable internal consistency across all scales.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive Statistics for the Scales\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinimum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaximum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStd. Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkewness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKurtosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCronbach Alpha a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestless Legs Syndrome Severity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4518\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,58056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,074\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,074\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,781\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8899\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.674\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.178\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.866\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8432\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.463\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.976\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.759\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,74852\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,753\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,745\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConscientious/Inconscientious Personality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5922\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,97647\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,092\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,754\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6608\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,90413\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,411\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,206\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,762\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eGroup Comparisons\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup differences are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Women had significantly higher RLS severity than men (2.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56 vs. 2.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61; t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.015, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.045). Women also reported lower adaptive coping (t = \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.342, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and higher extraversion (t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.118, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Scale Scores by Demographic Variable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestless Legs Syndrome Severity (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtraverted/Introverted Personality Mean / SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsistent/Inconsistent Personality (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4937 / 0,5667\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8028 / 0,7899\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6331/.4955\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0868 / 0,7309\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6157 / 0,9798\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6456 / 0,8829\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,2902 / 0,6119\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9124 / 0,6451\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8977/.4398\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6864 / 0,7390\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5017 / 0,9700\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,7195 / 0,9912\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,015 / \u003cb\u003e0,045\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.927 / 0,355\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-3.342/.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,118 / \u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,665 / 0,507\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,466 / 0,642\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial security\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4807 / 0,5780\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8740 / 0,6843\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8502/.4846\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0189 / 0,7738\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5843 / 0,9867\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6124 / 0,9100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3061 / 0,5804\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9697 / 0,6263\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8081/.3389\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9307 / 0,6104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6320 / 0,9368\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,9040 / 0,8458\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,584 / 0,115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.744 / 0.458\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.476/.635\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,617 / 0,538\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,256 / 0,798\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1,700 / 0,091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4518 / 0,5339\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8348 / 0,7072\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7507/.4881\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9211 / 0,7720\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4962 / 0,9461\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6096 / 0,9063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4518 / 0,6412\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9637 / 0,6243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9672/.3973\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,1160 / 0,7049\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7210 / 1,0070\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,7294 / 0,9019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,000 / 1,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.337 / 0,183\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-3.344/.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1,828 / 0,069\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1,613 / 0,108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,924 / 0,357\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePerceived Income\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5931 / 0,67975\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8003 / 0,7463\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8226/.4926\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0640 / 0,77287\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5468 / 0,92044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,4052 / 0,85903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3936 / 0,52620\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9267 / 0,6418\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8517/.4520\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9797 / 0,73967\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6109 / 1,00118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,7660 / 0,90413\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,225/,\u003cb\u003e027\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.203/.230\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.402/.688\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e,721/,472\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,420/,675\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2,595/,\u003cb\u003e010\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRegular Medication Use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5556 / 0,5622\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8744 / 0,67209\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8239/.45499\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0372 / 0,7929\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6388 / 0,9869\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,5951 / 0,8742\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,1930 / 0,5480\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9284 / 0,68473\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8911/.48353\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9223 / 0,6233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4762 / 0,9485\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,8246 / 0,9633\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,143 \u003cb\u003e/ 0,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.509/ 0,611\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.924/.356\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,979 / 0,329\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,063 / 0,289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1,625 / 0,106\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of RLS in the Family\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6067 / 0,6713\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,7500 / 0,7169\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6750/.6413\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4476 / 1,0143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5619 / 1,1712\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6556 / 1,0322\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4391 / 0,5728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,9013 / 0,6716\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8569/.4451\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0497 / 0,7071\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5947 / 0,9626\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6612 / 0,8961\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,075 / 0,284\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,835 / 0,405\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.467/.144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3,058 / \u003cb\u003e0,003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,125 / 0,901\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0,023 / 0,981\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of Comorbid Disease\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6200 / 0,5567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8583/ 0,8270\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6819/.8270\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7905 / 1,0272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8571 / 1,1392\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6089 / 0,9893\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e169\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4219 / 0,5812\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8955/ 0,6464\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8717/.6259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0423 / 0,6845\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5452 / 0,9407\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,9826 / 0,8785\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et / p\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,731 / 0,085\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-,277 / 0,782\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-2.087/.119\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1,706 / 0,090\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,619 / 0,107\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,177 / \u003cb\u003e0,031\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerceived income was associated with significant differences: participants with a regular income scored higher on adaptive coping (t = \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.344, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001). Lower perceived income was linked to higher RLS severity (t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.225, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.027), whereas higher perceived income was associated with consistency (t = \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.595, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.010).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegular medication users reported greater RLS severity (2.55 vs. 2.19; t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.143, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Family history of RLS was associated with higher introversion (t = \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.058, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003), while comorbid medical conditions were linked to higher inconsistency (t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.177, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.031).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFindings by marital status, education, and occupation are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Married participants reported higher RLS severity (F(2,197)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.408, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.013) and adaptive coping scores (F(2,197)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.669, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). University graduates reported lower RLS severity than primary school graduates (F(4,194)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.440, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048). High school graduates had significantly lower extraversion scores compared to illiterate participants (F(4,194)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.518, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008). Among occupational groups, homemakers, students, and unemployed participants exhibited the highest RLS severity (F(5,194)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.991, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Scale Scores by Demographic Variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestless Legs Syndrome Severity (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation maladaptive coping (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive emotion regulation adaptive coping (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtraverted/Introverted Personality Mean / SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional Stability/Neuroticism Personality (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsistent/Inconsistent Personality (M/SD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,00 / 0,82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8030/ 0,8056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9583/.2776\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,03 / 0,62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,45 / 0,95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,76 / 0,91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,45 / 0,53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,1326 / 0,6045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8769/5392\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,85 / 0,88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,77 / 1,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,78 / 0,87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,54 / 0,56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8482/ 0,7310\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8170/4423\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,04 / 0,77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,69 / 1,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,67 / 0,93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,49 / 0,64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8719 / 0,6831\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9267/.4265\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,04 / 0,67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,47 / 0,93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,50 / 0,95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61 and above\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,40 / 0,43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,7010/0.5432\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6728/.4670\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,08 / 0,72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,44 / 0,96\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,73 / 0,83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF/p\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,177/ 0,073\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,256/ 0,065\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,897/.113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,611/0,655\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,972/0,424\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,678/ 0,608\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost Hoc(LSD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4822 / 0,5618\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8876/.6563\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9054/.4275\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0630 / 0,7067\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6419 / 0,9903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6283 / 0,8992\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4676 / 0,5803\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,8423/.7248\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6070/.5612\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7992 / 0,8943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3668 / 0,9132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6396 / 0,8593\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,9300 / 0,6734\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,1000/.7874\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7708/.3038\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8714 / 0,7045\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6714 / 0,9643\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,2333 / 1,0399\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF/p\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,408/\u003cb\u003e.013\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.576/563\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.669/.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,034/ .134\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,218/ .298\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,138/.121\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost Hoc(LSD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWidowed\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Married/Single\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWidowed\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Married\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5195 / 0,6489\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7947/.4809\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8648/.3838\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0767 / 0,6540\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3310 / 0,8867\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,5488 / 0,8907\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5563 / 0,5664\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9014/.7495\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8028/.5310\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,2093 / 0,8192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7767 / 0,9441\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6784 / 0,9130\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,2632 / 0,6103\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9211/.6511\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9737/.3804\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8496 / 0,4554\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6466 / 0,9717\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6930 / 0,8449\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4292 / 0,4972\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9410/.7044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8655/.4695\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7232 / 0,7567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6190 / 0,9881\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,7049 / 0,8617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,1750 / 0,5581\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8917/.7260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7646/.4143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,9500 / 0,6769\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3571 / 1,1620\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6917 / 1,1086\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF/p\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,440/\u003cb\u003e.048\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.284/.888\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.702/.591\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,518/\u003cb\u003e.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,704/.151\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,201/.938\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost Hoc(LSD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Primary schooll\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh school\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;Literate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,5542 / 0,5765\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9103\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9033\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0992 / 0,7517\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,6467 / 0,9991\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6489 / 0,8796\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudent/ unemployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,4125 / 0,4992\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.6771\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7214\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8839 / 0,6308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,1518 / 0,6791\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6354 / 0,8349\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetired\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,2667 / 0,0577\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8611\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4861\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,0952 / 0,7047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,4286 / 1,0000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8333 / 0,4410\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3400 / 0,4154\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0778\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8762 / 0,7728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,8667 / 0,8596\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,6444 / 0,8928\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSivil servant\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,2667 / 0,5483\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8899\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6302\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,7738 / 0,7308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,3274 / 1,0044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,5417 / 1,0737\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorker\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.991\u003cb\u003e/.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.738/.595\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.180/.058\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.469/.202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.801/.114\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.165/.328\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF/p\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudent/unemployd\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;housewife/unemployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStructural Equation Modeling (SEM)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe hypothesized model (see Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) was tested using AMOS 24.0, with personality traits (extraversion/introversion, emotional stability/neuroticism, consistency/inconsistency) as independent variables, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) as mediators, and RLS severity as the dependent variable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSEM results are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. The overall model demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data, with χ\u0026sup2;/df\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.15, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.96, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.94, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.062, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048, indicating a satisfactory model fit according to conventional criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Non-Matching) in the Relationships Between Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Consistency, and RLS Severity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDependent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndependent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal effect(β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect effect(β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInditerct effect (β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB (Estimate)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCR\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF5: Cognitive ER(Maladaptive)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF1: \u003cem\u003eExtraversion\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.058\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.058\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.311\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.075\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001***\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF3: \u003cem\u003eConscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003eUn\u003cem\u003econscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.065\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.421\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF4: RLS Severity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF1: Extraversion/introversion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.084\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.706\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.167\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF3: \u003cem\u003eConscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003eUn\u003cem\u003econscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.254\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.841\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.004**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF5: \u003cb\u003eCognitive ER(Maladaptive)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.898\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.048*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.01, ***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Adaptive) in the Relationships Between Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Consistency, and RLS Severity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDependent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndependent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal effect(β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirect effect(β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInditerct effect (β)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB (Estimate)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCR\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF6: Cognitive ER(Adaptive))\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF1: \u003cem\u003eExtraversion\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.147\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.002**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.655\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.098\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF3: \u003cem\u003eConscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003eUn\u003cem\u003econscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.085\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.085\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.085\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1.957\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.055\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF4: RLS Severity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF1: Extraversion/introversion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.773\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF2: Emotional Stability/Neuroticism\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.087\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.037*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF3: \u003cem\u003eConscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003cb\u003e/\u003c/b\u003eUn\u003cem\u003econscientiousness\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.150\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.722\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.006**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF5: \u003cb\u003eCognitive ER(Adaptive)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.253\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e.801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05, **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.01\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmotional stability was the strongest predictor of maladaptive strategies (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.326, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Consistency/inconsistency positively predicted RLS severity (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.156, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004). Maladaptive strategies were significantly associated with RLS severity (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.120, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), though they did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding adaptive strategies, extraversion positively predicted use (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.138, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), whereas consistency had a negative effect (β=\u0026ndash;0.085, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.055). Emotional stability (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.110, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.037) and consistency/inconsistency (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.152, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006) significantly predicted RLS severity. However, mediation by adaptive strategies was not supported.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies, and disease severity in individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that emotional stability/neuroticism and consistency/inconsistency were strong predictors of RLS severity, while maladaptive CER strategies were positively associated with symptom severity. In contrast, CER strategies did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. These results suggest that RLS severity is directly influenced by specific personality traits, and although emotion regulation processes are associated with symptom perception, they do not serve as mediators. Similar findings in the literature have also emphasized the predominance of direct over indirect effects [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSociodemographic Differences\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study found that women reported significantly higher RLS severity compared to men (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05). This result is consistent with previous studies using validated scales such as IRLS and RLS-6 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Biological factors such as hormonal fluctuations, low ferritin levels, and pregnancy history may account for this gender difference [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR40 CR41\" citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, sensory symptoms are reported to be more prominent in women, whereas motor symptoms predominate in men [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings highlight the importance of gender-specific approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of RLS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried participants reported higher RLS severity and greater use of adaptive CER strategies (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05). This finding reflects the dual role of marriage in both providing social support and increasing stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. Previous clinical research has also reported higher RLS prevalence and severity among married individuals, potentially explained by aging, comorbid conditions, increased responsibilities, and stress levels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, the coexistence of high RLS severity and greater use of adaptive coping in married individuals suggests that marriage may serve as both a risk and a protective factor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducational level was inversely associated with RLS severity (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05); higher education was linked to lower symptom severity and lower introversion. This pattern likely reflects the protective influence of greater health literacy and coping skills [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Epidemiological evidence also identifies low education as a risk factor and high education as a buffer against RLS severity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]. Accordingly, higher education appears to function as an important protective factor in RLS prevention and management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRLS severity also varied significantly across occupational groups (F(5,194)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.991, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.002), with homemakers, students, and unemployed participants reporting the highest scores. These findings are consistent with evidence linking RLS to psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants, such as low physical activity, social isolation, psychological stress, and limited access to health care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e]. Given the negative impact of RLS on quality of life and its frequent comorbidity with depression and anxiety [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e], early diagnosis, psychosocial support, and lifestyle interventions are particularly critical in these vulnerable groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003ePersonality Traits and RLS Severity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne of the most notable findings was the positive association between neuroticism and RLS severity. This supports previous evidence suggesting that neuroticism weakens stress-coping ability and heightens symptom perception [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e]. Patients with RLS have been shown to score higher on neuroticism compared with healthy controls, and given its strong links with depression and anxiety, neuroticism may also exert indirect effects via comorbid psychopathology [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR53\" citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. Low self-directedness has also been reported as a risk factor for poor RLS management [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, emotional stability emerges as a critical personality dimension influencing both the clinical course of RLS and coping processes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe present study also demonstrated that consistency/inconsistency significantly predicted RLS severity (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05). This is consistent with evidence linking inconsistency to low self-directedness, poor problem-solving capacity, anger, and alexithymia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e]. Conversely, meta-analyses highlight conscientiousness as protective [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR58 CR59\" citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]. Accordingly, consistency may mitigate symptom severity, while inconsistency may serve as a risk factor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants reported higher mean scores for maladaptive CER strategies (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67) compared to adaptive strategies (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46). Maladaptive strategies significantly predicted RLS severity (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05), consistent with prior evidence linking them to greater symptom severity across psychopathologies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e]. Specifically in RLS, maladaptive strategies have been associated with greater symptom severity and poorer quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings underscore maladaptive CER as a key psychosocial target for interventions aimed at reducing symptom perception and severity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, adaptive CER strategies did not significantly predict RLS severity. This aligns with studies suggesting that adaptive strategies exert less consistent effects on symptom reduction compared to maladaptive strategies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e]. Instead, adaptive strategies may play a more salient role in psychological well-being, subjective health perception, and social adjustment rather than in symptom severity per se.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMediation Effects\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSEM analyses indicated that CER strategies did not mediate the relationship between personality traits and RLS severity. This finding is consistent with literature suggesting that the biologically rooted neurobehavioral nature of RLS may limit the indirect impact of psychological processes on symptom severity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, studies on chronic pain and somatic symptom disorders have reported that cognitive reappraisal exerts indirect rather than direct effects on symptom severity. Recent findings further suggest that CER strategies may be more relevant to psychological well-being than to disease severity itself [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, research indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation explain a substantial proportion of RLS severity, whereas personality traits and CER strategies do not mediate this relationship meaningfully [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Together, these findings support the view that personality traits exert direct effects on RLS severity, while CER strategies may not serve as mediators in this pathway.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eClinical and Theoretical Contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, participants reported moderate-to-severe levels of RLS severity (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58), consistent with clinical research indicating that RLS often presents with moderate or severe intensity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR70\" citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e]. Current AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine) guidelines recommend individualized disease management that integrates biomedical and psychosocial approaches for patients with moderate-to-severe RLS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e]. The present findings support this perspective, highlighting the role of not only biomedical but also psychological and personality-based determinants in shaping RLS severity. Targeting maladaptive CER strategies may provide promising opportunities for psychological interventions aimed at reducing symptom perception and improving quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccordingly, our study emphasizes that a holistic approach integrating biomedical, psychological, and personality-related factors consistent with AASM guideline recommendations is indispensable in the management of RLS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom a clinical perspective, incorporating psychological screening into the routine evaluation of RLS patients may help identify individuals at risk for heightened symptom perception and poor treatment adherence. Addressing maladaptive emotion regulation and personality-related vulnerabilities through brief psychosocial or cognitive-behavioral interventions could complement pharmacologic therapy and enhance overall disease management. Developing personalized treatment protocols that integrate psychological and neurological perspectives may ultimately improve patient outcomes and quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eLimitations and Future Directions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, the sample was recruited from a single neurology outpatient clinic, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to broader RLS populations. Second, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences regarding the relationships among personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and disease severity. Additionally, all measures were based on self-report instruments, which may be subject to response bias. Future multi-center and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore the potential causal pathways underlying the observed associations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eRLS severity is strongly influenced by personality traits and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, independent of mediation effects. Sociodemographic factors further shape symptom burden. These findings highlight the necessity of integrating psychological assessment into RLS management and underscore the potential benefits of individualized psychosocial interventions aimed at strengthening adaptive regulation and resilience. Integrating routine assessments of personality and emotion regulation into clinical practice could optimize pharmacological response, enhance treatment adherence, and inform tailored psychosocial support in patients with RLS.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe study was approved by the [name of ethics committee, blinded for review (approval no: 91120269-050.02.04-E.00000490569/2020/55, dated:26/03/2020). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are available on re-quest from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly avail-able due to privacy or ethical restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe researcher did not receive any financial support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNG: Data collection, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing; Conceptualization, Writing \u0026ndash; reviewing; supervision. GY: Data collection, Formal analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank all participants for their interest and contributions to the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllen RP. Restless legs syndrome/Willis Ekbom disease: evaluation and treatment. \u003cem\u003eInt Rev Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e. 2014;26(2):248-62. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2014.904279.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGupta R, Gupta R, Kumar N, Rawat VS, Ulfberg J, Allen RP. Restless legs syndrome among subjects having chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. \u003cem\u003eSleep Med Rev\u003c/em\u003e. 2021;58:101463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101463.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrenkwalder C, et al. 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J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(1):153-99.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Restless Legs Syndrome, personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation, mediation, structural equation modeling","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7972964/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7972964/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensorimotor disorder associated with substantial impairments in sleep and quality of life. Psychological factors, particularly personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation, have been suggested as potential determinants of symptom severity, yet empirical evidence remains limited. This study investigated the relationships between personality traits, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity, and tested the potential mediating role of emotion regulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 patients with clinically diagnosed RLS recruited from a neurology outpatient clinic in T\u0026uuml;rkiye. Data were collected using the International RLS Study Group Severity Rating Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Cervantes Personality Scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect relationships between personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, and RLS severity, while group differences were analyzed with t-tests and ANOVA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants reported moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58). Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were used more frequently than adaptive ones (M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.67 vs. M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46). Women had significantly higher RLS severity and lower adaptive coping than men (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). SEM results indicated that neuroticism and inconsistency/low conscientiousness predicted higher RLS severity (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.110, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.037; β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.152, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006). Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies also predicted increased severity (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.120, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), but no mediating effects were observed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePersonality traits and maladaptive emotion regulation directly influence RLS severity, independent of mediation effects. Incorporating psychological and personality assessment into clinical practice may enhance individualized treatment and strengthen adaptive regulation and resilience among RLS patients.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Restless Legs Syndrome: Insights from a Structural Equation Modeling Approach ","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-18 16:39:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7972964/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"57b44d73-de42-4266-819d-8be5c31a726a","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-17T10:54:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-18 16:39:33","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7972964","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7972964","identity":"rs-7972964","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}