Endometriosis

Abstract Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic conditions in women of reproductive age. It is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus. It is often associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic scarring, and infertility, which often results in a marked reduction in a patient’s quality of life. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is complex and multifactorial. Inflammatory, hormonal, immunologic, and neurogenic mechanisms all play a role in the symptoms of pain and disease progression. Treatment options are primarily focused on hormonal suppression and surgical removal; however, recurrence of symptoms is common, and responses to treatment are often variable. There is growing support for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach that may include a combination of medical management, surgical care, pain interventions, physical therapy, and psychosocial support to best control symptoms, maximize function, and increase patient satisfaction.