Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b Binding Genes Reveals their Potential Role in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b Binding Genes Reveals their Potential Role in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b Binding Genes Reveals their Potential Role in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum Teame Gereziher, Yanchao Xu, Richard Odongo Magwanga, Joy Nyangasi Kirungu, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Cotton is an important commercial crop for its valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp failure because of abiotic stress influences, of significance is drought. Moreover, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms against the effects of several ways of abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold among others. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins among others have shown positive response in improving resistance to several forms of abiotic stress features. Results Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes was carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed in various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks values were less than one, and an indication of negative selection of the gene family. differential expression arrangement of genes was showed with the majority of the genes being highly upregulated in the root tissues in relative to leave and stem tissues. Moreover, more genes were induced in M85 a relative drought tolerant germplasm. Conclusion : The results provide proof of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton germplasms. Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics Cotton G. hirsutum LHC genes Gene expression Drought tolerance Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Introduction Over the course of the 21st century, food production has to match the increasing population (Beddington et al., 2012 ). However, Temperature increment and climate change have deepened the incidence and harshness of abiotic stresses that critically disturb the growth and development of crops (Nouri, Moumeni & Komatsu, 2015 ). Abiotic stress remains one of the key components of yield loss in plant production (Sasi et al., 2018 ). Moreover, abiotic stress has a major impact on plant growth and development compared to other forms of living organisms due to their immobility (He, He & Ding, 2018 ; Magwanga et al., 2018 , 2019 ; Xu et al., 2019 ). Among the various forms of abiotic stress factors drought, heat, toxicity, and salinity do cause over-reduction of the electron transport chain (ETC) resulting in photooxidation (Nishiyama & Murata, 2014 ). Furthermore, in the chloroplasts, drought, high light, salinity, or extreme temperatures stresses do trigger a diminishing in CO 2 assimilation rates which in turn induce an upsurge in reactive oxygen species creation, which eventually leads to yield damage (Pintó-marijuan & Munné-bosch, 2014 ). It has been reported that abiotic stresses account for over 50% of losses in crop production (Nath et al., 2013 ). Moreover, a decrease in photosynthesis results in a remarkable reduction in yield and yield quality in crops (Nouri, Moumeni & Komatsu, 2015 ). Drought exposure alters the photosynthetic apparatus in the plants, and thus plants have evolved numerous coping mechanisms, one of which is the evolution of various plant transcription factors.(Hussain et al., 2018 ). The known plants genes with net effects on plant photosynthetic process includes, Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) (Berry & Yerramsetty, 2013 ), Cytochrome f (petA) (Xing et al., 2016 ), light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) (Zhao et al., 2020a ), cytochrome p450 genes (Magwanga, Lu & Kirungu, 2019 ) among others. In crops, the LHCA and LHCB sub-families, which encode proteins founding the light-harvesting complex of photosystems I and II in LHC gene family (Fanna et al., 2016 ). The LHC proteins are the apoproteins of the Light-Harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII), outer antenna complex which is perhaps the utmost ample membrane proteins in nature (Kró et al., 1995 ; Horton & Ruban, 2005 ; Xu et al., 2012 ). Moreover, studies have shown that LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, LHCB4, LHCB5, or LHCB6, affects stomatal responsiveness to abscisic acid (ABA) influx, and therefore lowers the plant’s tolerance level to drought stress during their down-regulation (Xu et al., 2012 ). Furthermore, downregulation of the LHCB genes does cause ABA insensitive phenotypes in seed germination and post-germination growth (Liu et al., 2013a). In the recognition of the proteins encoded by the LHCB genes, 28 have been identified in Papaya carica (Zou et al., 2020a ), 17 in Hordeum vulgare L.(Qin et al., 2017 ), 25 in Camellia sinensis (Li et al., 2020 ), and 35 genes in Manihot esculenta (Zou & Yang, 2019 ), However, the role of this important plant gene family concerning abiotic stress factors in cotton have not been studied. The complete sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum (Hu et al., 2019 ), Gossypium arboreum (Huang et al., 2020 ), and Gossypium raimondii (Wang et al., 2012 ; Agricultural et al., 2019 ), provided the needed information to carry out functional analysis of the proteins encoded by the LHC genes in the three cotton genomes. Materials And Methods Plant material and Hydroponics The experiment was laid out in CRD design with three biological replications in Green house. A seed of Marie-galante 85 (M85), a race developed from Gossypium hirsutum species and comparatively tolerant to Abiotic stress (Chen et al., 2018 ). The seeds were treated by water soaking for one night and sow them in absorbent paper for germination, after a week then transplanted to a hydroponic set up that have Hoagland nutrient solution (Gene & Consortium, 2000 ), in the greenhouse, with 16 h/8h light-dark and temperature at 28 °C day/25 °C night (Zhao et al., 2020b ). At three leaf stage, drought stress was imposed by supplementing the nutrient solution with 17% of PEG-6000 (Liu et al., 2013b ). The leaf, stem, and root tissues were then collected for RNA extractions at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, and 24 h after stress exposure. Identification of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind Proteins in Cotton Species The Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b bind domain number PF00504 was used as to search for the identifications of the cotton proteins encoded by the LHC genes. The LHC proteins for G. hirsutum , G. raimondii and G. arboreum were downloaded from the cotton functional genomics database ( www.cottonfgd.org ), while those for Arabidopsis thaliana , and Theobroma cacao were downloaded from phytozome ( https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov ). The HMM profiles of the LHC functional domain PF00504 were retrieved from the Pfam database ( http://pfam.xfam.org ) and used for the identification of the putative ALDH proteins with the best domain e-value cutoffs f < 1 × 10 − 4 (El-Gebali et al., 2019 ). Moreover, To get the, physicochemical traits of the gene family like Protein length (PL) molecular weight (MW) and molecular charge, isoelectric point (pI) and GRAVY value using the website of CottonFGD ( www.cottonfgd.org ). Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis Protein sequences of these three cotton species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Theobroma cacao were aligned by ClustalX in MEGA 7.0 for phylogenetic tree construction. We use Neighbor-joining (NJ) method to know the evolution distance, Jones–Taylor–Thornton (JTT) as substitution model of 1000 bootstrap replication (Tamura et al., 2011 ). To categorize the homologous genes of cotton species, the protein sequences of G. hirsutum were exposed to a BlastP search alongside the protein database of G. arboreum and G. raimondii; hits with E-values ≤ 1 × 10 − 5 and ≥ 90% similarity were enabled significant. The GFF3 file, linked file, and Gene ID were applied to construct the Collinearity analysis by TBtools software (Chen et al., 2018 ). Homologous genes of G. hirsutum, G. raimondii and G. arboreum were known from CottonFGD employing BLASTp with a threshold of > 80% match and at least an 80% alignment ratio based on the protein length. Chromosome mapping, Gene Ontology, and Cis-regulatory elements analysis To know the distribution of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes in all the chromosomes of A, D, and AD cotton genomes, we used the GFF3 file from CottonFGD ( www.cottonfgd.org ) and gene ID of the genes. Then employed the TBtools software to show the genes on chromosome via amazing gene location from Gene Transfer Format/General Feature Format (GTF/GFF). Cellular component (CC), biological process (BP) and molecular functions (MF) was used to determine the functional classification of genes by an online tool AgriGO ( www.bioinfo.cau.edu.cn/agriGO ) (Gene & Consortium, 2000 ). Analysis of the gene structure of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes in G. hirsutum , G. arboreum , and G. raimondii was done by means of the Gene Structure Display Server – GSDS 2.0 ( http://gsds.cbi.pku.edu.cn ) online tool. While for the motif identification, an online tool MEME was employed ( http://meme-suite.org/ ). The 2000-bp upstream sequences of CAB genes of cotton species were downloaded from CottonFGD ( http://www.cottonfgd.org/ ) to identify the cis-regulatory elements in the putative promoter regions. Thus the fasta file of the upstream sequence was submitted to Plant Care search ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11752327 ) for identifying the putative cis–regulatory elements among the promoter sequences (Lescot et al., 2002 ). The structure was visualized by TBtools. RNA extraction and RT-qPCR analysis At three leaf stages, drought stresses were forced by adding the nutrient solutions with 17% PEG-6000 solution as previously adopted by Magwanga et al [36,37]. Samples were then collected for RNA extraction at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h hand 24 h of post stress treatment. Total RNA was extracted using TIANGEN, RNA preppure plant plus kit ( www.tiangen.com ) according to the manufacturer guidelines. Nano Drop 2000 was used to check the quality and concentration of RNA extracted with a standard of 260/280 which must be between 1.80–2.1 (Joshi et al., 2016 ). Thus, we convert the RNA to cDNA using TransGen Biotech kit Beijing, China ( www.Transgen.com.cn ), following the kit instructions. From the LHC gene family, we select 27 genes for RT-qPCR and design the primers (Table S1) using NCBI website (www). For the RT-qPCR analysis, we use 7500 fast real time system with 2µL, 2µL 6µL, and 10µL of cDNA, forward and reverse Primers, RNA free water, and SYBR solution respectively. Three biological and technical replications were used in the whole analysis with Ghactin7 as control. E = 2 -ΔΔCt . formula uses to calculate the gene expression. (Schmittgen & Livak, 2008 ) Results Identification of the Cotton LHC proteins 109 proteins translated by the LHC genes were recognized in the three sequenced cotton genomes, with 55, 27, and 27 proteins in G. hirsutum (AD), G. raimondii (D) and G. arboreum (A), respectively (Table S2). The amounts of the proteins found in the LHC genes in the two diploid cotton species, G. raimondii and G. arboreum were less by one compare with the number of LHC proteins in G. hirsutum , may be due to AD emerged in the whole genome duplications between A and D genomes. The evaluation of the physicochemical properties G. hirsutum of the Chloro a/b binding protein genes, the protein lengths for the G. hirsutum proteins stretched from 62 aa to 644 aa, molecular weights reached from 6.88 kDa to 72.66 kDa were scored respectively in Gh_Sca017783G01 and Gh_A02G1068 , a charge ranged from − 8.5 ( Gh_A01G0519 ) to 7( Gh_A02G1068 ), the isoelectric point ( pI ) ranged from 4.701 ( Gh_D06G2350 ) to 10.228 ( Gh_D04G1505 ) and finally the grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY) ranged from − 0.529 ( Gh_A01G0519 ) to 0.233 ( Gh_D06G2350 ) (Table 1 ). Table 1 Physiochemical properties of LHC proteins in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii Species Gene ID PL (aa) MW(KDa) Charge IEP GRAVY Gh_D11G1504 272 29.46 4.5 9.273 -0.089 Gh_A05G2108 291 30.991 -2.5 5.416 -0.005 Gh_A06G1447 279 30.514 -1.5 5.793 -0.002 Gh_A01G0976 268 29.312 5 7.942 0.051 Gh_A10G0361 264 28.182 -4.5 4.904 -0.004 Gh_A04G0961 260 27.85 4 9.316 0.053 Gh_D07G1663 265 28.609 -3.5 5.084 -0.001 Gh_D07G1659 265 28.609 -3.5 5.084 -0.001 Gh_A07G2182 265 28.608 -2.5 5.335 -0.001 Gh_D06G1791 282 30.791 -1.5 5.793 -0.02 Gh_A04G0218 262 28.483 -4.5 4.89 0.023 Gh_D01G1508 291 31.443 0 6.504 0.11 Gh_D05G1429 265 28.101 -2.5 5.329 0.027 Gh_D02G1996 259 27.33 2 8.425 0.126 Gh_D05G3484 262 28.449 -4.5 4.89 0.026 Gh_D01G1028 268 29.391 6 8.203 0.01 Gh_A01G1349 297 32.139 1.5 7.004 0.097 Gh_A11G2259 166 18.205 2 8.741 0.07 Gh_A07G2184 265 28.764 -1.5 5.756 -0.036 Gh_D01G2232 285 31.101 -3 5.378 -0.048 Gh_D04G1505 240 25.65 9 10.228 0.037 Gh_A07G1725 265 28.407 -3.5 5.071 0.036 Gh_D01G0531 261 28.405 -4.5 4.89 0.011 Gh_D12G1495 304 33.898 7 8.922 0.037 Gh_A10G0616 285 30.716 -1.5 5.805 0.021 Gh_D07G0661 252 27.857 2.5 7.551 -0.128 Gh_D05G2361 291 31.003 -2.5 5.416 0.013 Gh_A10G2108 273 29.857 -1.5 5.793 -0.059 Gh_A07G0594 252 27.841 2.5 7.551 -0.118 Gh_A12G1617 252 27.946 3.5 7.968 -0.117 Gh_D10G0369 264 28.21 -3.5 5.085 -0.008 Gh_D07G1929 265 28.407 -3.5 5.071 0.036 Gh_D05G0860 247 26.797 0.5 6.675 -0.116 Gh_A13G0222 246 26.76 0.5 6.675 -0.164 Gh_A05G1261 265 28.101 -2.5 5.329 0.027 Gh_D12G1757 252 27.953 2.5 7.5 -0.124 Gh_D10G0784 288 31.051 -0.5 6.294 -0.022 Gh_A01G1972 285 31.107 -3 5.378 -0.071 Gh_D13G0236 246 26.744 0.5 6.675 -0.153 Gh_A05G0725 247 26.797 0.5 6.675 -0.116 Gh_D03G0610 349 38.293 2.5 7.543 0.084 Gh_D10G2385 273 29.883 -1.5 5.789 -0.073 Gh_Sca123119G01 90 9.881 -0.5 5.795 -0.397 Gh_Sca053293G01 143 15.811 -3 5.138 0.158 Gh_Sca017783G01 62 6.884 -1 4.879 0.105 Gh_D06G2350 192 20.154 -4 4.701 0.233 Gh_D06G2351 265 28.165 -2.5 5.329 0.014 Gh_A07G2366 281 31.181 -1 6.128 0.064 Gh_A03G2154 259 27.423 2 8.428 0.107 Gh_D07G0125 261 28.763 -2 5.7 -0.029 Gh_A11G1357 272 29.45 4.5 9.273 -0.086 Gh_A13G1282 166 18.169 2.5 8.417 0.051 Gh_D06G2120 151 16.501 0.5 7.256 -0.041 Gh_A01G0519 466 51.35 -8.5 5.178 -0.529 Gh_A02G1068 644 72.664 7 7.727 -0.2 Ga01G0731 482 53.372 -6 5.503 -0.377 Ga01G1437 265 28.978 2.5 7.705 0.035 Ga02G0756 610 68.741 9 8.188 -0.241 Ga02G1050 270 29.006 2 7.45 0.008 Ga03G2284 228 24.599 -1.5 5.716 0.084 Ga04G1033 114 12.823 5.5 9.897 -0.255 Ga05G0924 247 26.797 0.5 6.675 -0.116 Ga05G1596 265 28.101 -2.5 5.329 0.027 Ga05G2647 291 30.991 -2.5 5.416 -0.005 Ga05G4015 262 28.449 -4.5 4.89 0.026 Ga05G4018 262 28.495 -4.5 4.89 0.042 Ga06G2006 282 30.819 -1.5 5.793 -0.011 Ga06G2455 167 18.453 4 8.634 -0.057 Ga07G0172 261 28.86 1.5 7.045 -0.048 Ga07G0768 252 27.841 2.5 7.551 -0.118 Ga07G1916 265 28.665 -2.5 5.335 -0.02 Ga07G1918 265 28.607 -0.5 6.271 -0.002 Ga07G2205 265 28.407 -3.5 5.071 0.036 Ga10G0035 273 29.897 -1.5 5.793 -0.073 Ga10G2236 271 29.226 -1.5 5.791 0.043 Ga10G2674 264 28.182 -4.5 4.904 -0.004 Ga11G2486 272 29.477 4.5 9.273 -0.096 Ga12G1052 252 27.946 3.5 7.968 -0.117 Ga12G1366 300 32.84 6.5 8.712 -0.079 Ga13G0254 200 21.273 3.5 9.544 0.167 Ga13G0268 246 26.76 0.5 6.675 -0.164 Ga14G0061 285 31.03 -2 5.724 -0.083 Gorai.001G016400 261 28.749 -2 5.696 -0.029 Gorai.001G074300 252 27.857 2.5 7.551 -0.128 Gorai.001G192000 265 28.575 -3.5 5.084 0.003 Gorai.001G192300 265 28.609 -3.5 5.084 -0.001 Gorai.001G220900 265 28.393 -3.5 5.071 0.035 Gorai.002G076400 262 28.505 -4.5 4.89 0.027 Gorai.002G132100 268 29.357 6 8.203 0.016 Gorai.002G183400 292 31.461 -1 6.114 0.12 Gorai.002G263900 285 31.144 -2 5.73 -0.077 Gorai.003G092700 349 38.267 2.5 7.493 0.081 Gorai.005G219000 259 27.33 2 8.425 0.126 Gorai.007G163200 285 31.695 7.5 9.296 -0.249 Gorai.008G165200 313 34.49 6 8.855 0.071 Gorai.008G194000 252 27.983 2.5 7.5 -0.114 Gorai.009G090600 247 26.821 1 6.79 -0.155 Gorai.009G156900 265 28.101 -2.5 5.329 0.027 Gorai.009G262000 291 30.991 -2.5 5.416 -0.005 Gorai.009G430800 262 28.479 -4.5 4.897 0.016 Gorai.010G165000 192 20.226 -4 4.701 0.244 Gorai.010G165100 265 28.165 -2.5 5.329 0.014 Gorai.010G198600 282 30.764 -2.5 5.391 -0.008 Gorai.010G239300 151 16.55 0.5 7.254 -0.026 Gorai.011G041600 264 28.21 -3.5 5.085 -0.008 Gorai.011G089000 217 23.895 0.5 7.235 0.048 Gorai.011G285900 273 29.883 -1.5 5.789 -0.073 Gorai.012G141200 260 27.805 3 8.943 0.055 Gorai.013G026000 246 26.744 0.5 6.675 -0.153 In the two diploid cotton species, the G. arboreum and G. raimondii LHC proteins physiochemical properties exhibited slight differences, in molecular weights, protein lengths, pI, molecular charge, and GRAVY values. The protein length stretched from 114 aa to 610 aa, and 151 aa to 349, molecular weights ranged from 12.823 to 68.741 KDa, and 16.55 to 38.267 KDa by a charge range of − 6 to 9 and − 4.5 to 7.5 in G. arboreum and G. raimondii , respectively (Table 1 ). On the other hand, the values for pI and GRAVY was almost the same, pI ranges from 4.87 to 9.897, and 4.701 to 9.296, GRAVY − 0.377 to 0.167 and − 0.249 to 0.244 in order of G. arboreum and G. raimondii . In all cotton species, the GRAVY value was lower (positive and negative), which indicates all proteins may be a sign of the likelihood of enhanced relations with water that leads to hydrophilic nature. Phylogenetic Tree and Synteny block Analysis of the Cotton LHC Proteins The phylogenetic tree constructed grouped the cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding proteins together with other plants into 12 clades. Numerous homolog gene pairs were formed among the several proteins encrypted by the cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding genes (Fig. 1A). The collinearity analysis among the three cotton species was analyzed, in which Circle gene viewer was applied to distinguish the collinear gene pairs with TBtools software (Chen et al., 2018 ). Finally, the collinearity analysis between the genetic map of At and Dt Subgenomes of G. hirsutum , G. arboreum and G. raimondii for their A Vs D; A vs At, and finally between D Vs Dt Subgenome relationships were observed. We found good collinearity between A vs D with 23 genes, A vs At with 20 genes, and finally between D vs Dt with 23 genes in the Subgenome (Fig. 1B). Gene Ontology Analysis Gene Ontology (GO) has a structure that allows powerful comparisons and inferences about gene functions in biological, cellular, and molecular levels (Gene & Consortium, 2000 ). Presumed functions of 109 genes in the Gossypium Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind gene family, including biological processes (BP), molecular functions (MF), and cellular components (CC) were identified using agriGO online analysis. In G. hirsutum biological processes (GO: 0008150), the functions included cellular and metabolic processes. Various cellular (GO: 0005575) functions were noted in the cell and cell part. Similarly, in G. arboreum , the biological (GO: 0008150) functions were responsible for stimuli, cellular and metabolic processes. In cellular component (GO: 00055750), the functions were focused on cell, macromolecular complex (Protein), and membrane related issues, whereas in molecular function (GO: 0003674), were related with binding function. In G. raimondii the biological process (GO: 0008150) was coined with cellular and metabolic processes, which is similar to G. hirsutum , whereas in cellular component (GO: 0005575), the function is related to membrane. In both G. hirsutum and G. raimondii , there is no significant GO term in molecular function (Fig. 2). Gene Structure and Motif Identification of Chloro a/b-bind Proteins Gene structural study is observed as a likely sign of the evolution of multigene families. To obtain additional evidence into the structural diversity of cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes, the exon/intron association in the full-length cDNAs was investigated in contrast with their equivalent genomic DNA sequences of distinct genes in G. hirsutum , and it was found that a higher proportion of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes and their exons were extremely conserved inside the group. Gene structural diversity is regarded as a possible indicator of the evolution of multigene families. To gain further information into the structural diversity of cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes, the exon/intron organization in the full-length cDNAs was analyzed in comparison with their corresponding genomic DNA sequences of individual genes in G. hirsutum , and it was identified that a greater percentage of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes and their exons were highly conserved within the group. In the study of the gene structures, some of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind gene structures were disturbed by introns. The maximum level of intron disruption of the Chloro a/b-bind gene structures was 11(Gh_A02G1068), 11(Ga02G0756), and 5 (Gorai.003G092700) for G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii , respectively. Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes are mostly found with the occurrence of two exons and one intron. The highest number of exons and introns were found in Gh_A02G1068 (12 exons, 11 introns) and Gh_A01G0519 (10 exons, 9 introns). Remarkably, Exons and introns for diverse Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes were observed to be dissimilar based on their lengths. For example, 18 genes had to have two exons and one intron and 7 genes three exons by two introns and seven genes with one exon and no intron. (Fig. 3). On the other hand, in the diploid species, the maximum number of exon/intron were 12 exons, 11 introns (Ga02G0756) and 11 exons, 10 introns (Ga01G0731) in G. arboreum , 6 exons, 5 introns (Gorai.003G092700) and 6 exons, 5 introns (Gorai.009G262000) in G. raimondii¸ respectively. Similarly, the number of genes that have two exons with one intron is seven and ten in G. arboreum and G. raimondii . Genes with three exons and two introns as well as a single exon with no intron were five and three respectively in both species. To explore the structural evolution of LHC proteins, the patterns of motifs were analyzed. A total of 20 different motifs were detected by the MEME analysis ( http://meme-suite.org/ ) in the three Gossypium species (Fig. 4). Based on the identified motifs, motif 3, motif 4 and motif 12 are the conserved motifs in the G. hirsutum , whereas motif 2 and 8 in G. arboreum and while motif 11 and 4 in G. raimondii , respectively. Chromosomal Mapping Analysis of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding Genes The LHC genes were evenly distributed across the various chromosomes of the A 2 , D 5 , and (AD) 1 cotton genomes. In the tetraploid (AD) 1 genome with At Subgenome, the highest gene loci were found on chromosome A t 01, A t 05, and A t 10 with 3 genes, while At03, A t 08, and At09 chromosomes harbored none. Similarly, in the (AD) 1 , Dt Subgenome, the highest gene loci were found in D t 07, D t 01, and D t 05 with 5, 4, and 4 genes, respectively, whereas A t 03, A t 08, and A t 09 had zero genes. The rest of the chromosome harbored between 1 to 3 genes (Fig. 5A and B). With the two diploid cotton species, A 2 and D 5 genomes, the gene distribution arrangement was different, In G. arboreum , the highest gene loci were observed on the chromosome, A 2 05, and A 2 07, with the same 4 genes while in G. raimondii , chromosome D 5 01, D 5 09, and D 5 10 concealed the highest gene loci with 4 genes, respectively, while chromosome A 2 04and D 5 06 harbored none (Fig. 5C and D). Identification of Cis-regulatory elements Cis-Acting regulatory elements are important molecular switches involved in the transcriptional regulation of a dynamic network of gene activities controlling various biological processes, including abiotic stress responses, hormone responses, and developmental processes. It encodes the genomic blueprints for coordinating spatiotemporal gene expression programs underlying highly specialized cell functions (Mao et al., 2020 ). In the plant Care analysis of Cis-regulatory elements ABRE, ARE, MRE, MYB, AT-rich elements, DRE, MBS, Box-4, and ACE were found related to drought stress in the three cotton species (Fig. 6). The major cis-acting elements, such as the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) and the dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat (DRE/CRT), that are a vital part of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent gene expression in osmotic and cold stress responses (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki & Shinozaki, 2005 ). Evolution of LHC genes in Gossypium species The Ks value in gene evolution was not affected by natural selection generally, but Ka does. The Ka/Ks value showed positive, neutral, and negative selection when the value was Ka/Ks > 1, Ka/Ks = 1, and Ka/Ks < 1 respectively (Zhao et al., 2020b ). The distributions of Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks among homologous pairs of Gossypium species were revealed similar results. (Fig. 7, Table S3) The Ka/Ks of GhAt-Ga ranged from 0–0.949034416, while for GhDt-Gr from 0–0.838286204. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-GhDt ranged from 0–0.523637063, whereas the Ka/Ks value of Ga-Gr was 0–0.755930549. In all the pairs, the Ka/Ks value was < 1 which indicated that the gene family was subjected to negative selection. The result suggested that the LHC of G. hirsutum genes derived from G. raimondii and G. arboreum experienced negative selection commands throughout the evolution. RT-qPCR Validation of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding genes under Water Deficit Conditions Twenty-seven LHC genes expression profiles were carried out under drought stress conditions in different tissues and varying time intervals. The genes showed differential expression pattern on the tissues analyzed, in root tissues, the highly upregulated genes were Gh_D10G2385, Gh_A13G0222, Gh_A05G0725, Gh_D05G0860, Gh_D07G0661, Gh_D01G1508, Gh_D12G1495, Gh_A07G2182 , and Gh_A10G2108 , while in the leaf tissues, Gh_A07G2184, Gh_D10G2385, Gh_D05G0860, Gh_D02G1996, Gh_A13G0222 , and Gh_A05G0725 showed higher upregulation after 12 h of stress exposure. Similarly, Gh_A13G0222, Gh_D06G1791 , and Gh_A06G1447 genes were Up-regulated in stem tissues starting from 6 hours up to 24 hours (Fig. 8). Most genes were Down-regulated mainly in leaf tissue followed by stem. Genes like Gh_A10G0361 , Gh_D10G0369 , Gh_A03G2154 , and Gh_D03G0610 were Down-regulated in the three tissues of cotton in almost all time points. Generally, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. Gh_A13G0222 (CAB6A) was Up-regulated in all tissue samples and Gh_D10G2385 (LHCB4) , Gh_D05G0860 (CAB6A) , and Gh_A05G0725(CAB6A) also Up-regulated in Leaf and root tissues under drought stress. A detailed exploration of these genes will offer efficient information on considerate LHC genes in cotton ( Gossypium ) and its part in drought stress tolerance. Drought effect is first felt at the root zone, and the higher upregulation of various genes in the root tissues is in line with earlier results in which most of the LEA genes were upregulated in the root tissues in relative to leaf and stem tissues during drought stress situation (Magwanga et al., 2018 ). Discussion Drought is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect crop production worldwide. It also harshly affects the physiology and growth of many crops (Joshi et al., 2016 ). It was the main risk to a significant loss of cotton yield due to the ever-increasing shortage of water around the world (Hou et al., 2018 ). Drought stress damages photosynthetic pigments that usually begin with majorly stomatal effects at medium drought intensity, and come to an end in metabolic and structural alters caused by harsh drought stress. Photosynthesis stands for one of the greatest vital photo-chemical reactions in plants. Sunlight is transformed into chemical energy and is employed to change carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic composites then recycled as energy basis by heterotrophs (Gururani, Venkatesh & Tran, 2015 ). Photosynthesis is the outcome of many steps and multipart developments that employs numerous biological pathways similar to photosynthetic electron transport system (PETs), makes sun light to transform into ATP and NADPH; in addition, CO 2 is fixed into carbohydrates, as well as assimilation, transport, and consumption of photo assimilates as the organic products of photosynthesis by Calvin-Benson cycle (Eberhard, Finazzi & Wollman, 2008; Foyer et al., 2012 ). Forming disorder of all photosynthesis mechanisms has the primary impact of abiotic stress on the activity of photosynthesis (Nouri, Moumeni & Komatsu, 2015 ). Photosynthetic reactions of mature crops and small seedlings to drought-stress are mainly diverse. In mature crops, efficient photosynthetic complexes are previously shaped and water-stress brings the creation of ROS due to surplus light absorption, which pressures the photosynthetic apparatus. Though, in water-stressed young seedlings, there is the likelihood to down-regulate Chl biosynthesis and slim down the production and gathering of light-harvesting complexes of PSI and PSII, and to acclimatize crops not to suck up surplus light, which is damaging (Dalal & Tripathy, 2018). Chloroplast was the main research area in the field of biology because it was the site for photosynthesis. But it is also a very sensitive structure to biotic and abiotic stresses and indicates the real status in crops response to stress (Liu et al., 2013b ; Li et al., 2020 ). Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) proteins contain a plant-specific superfamily comprised of photosynthesis and stress responses. Identifying genes of this family would help in studying the function and role of these genes in different crop species (Qin et al., 2017 ; Zou et al., 2020b). But we don’t get enough information in the cotton crop for this family. Previous studies in crops suggested that there was an important link between photosynthesis and final yield. Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central component of the photosynthesis, with fundamental parts in light harvest and acclimation to changing light (Longoni et al., 2015 ; Qin et al., 2017 ). In our result, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. Gh_A13G0222 (CAB6A) was Up-regulated in all tissue samples while Gh_D10G2385 (LHCB4), Gh_D05G0860 (CAB6A), and Gh_A05G0725 (CAB6A) were Up-regulated in leaf and root tissues under drought stress. A study from tea plants showed that two genes, CsCP1 and CsCP2, were found to affect phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation and GTP in the physiological regulation of PS II. The regulation of LHC protein stages allows chloroplasts to answer amenably and quickly to abiotic stresses (Li et al., 2020 ). Similarly, a finding in Papaya, plants treated with mannitol for drought stress after 10 days, three genes were upregulated ( CpELIP, CpLhcb7, and CpPsbS ), for 15 days, five genes upregulated ( CpELIP, CpSEP2, CpOHP2, CpLhcb7 , and CpPsbS ) and for 20 days, 12 genes were meaningfully regulated with five genes upregulated ( CpELIP, CpSEP2, CpOHP2 , CpLhcb7 , and CpPsbS ) (Zou et al., 2020a ). The evolution of LHC genes in Gossypium species indicated that the circulations of Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks were similar among homologous pairs. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-Ga reached from 0–0.949034416, while GhDt-Gr reached from 0–0.838286204. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-GhDt ranged from 0–0.523637063, whereas the Ka/Ks value of Ga-Gr was 0–0.755930549. The result suggested that the LHC of G. hirsutum genes derived from G. raimondii and G. arboreum experienced negative selection instructions throughout the evolution. In harmony with this finding, the Ka/Ks value of cassava light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding ( LHC ) genes ranges from 0.0010–0.2507 (Zou & Yang, 2019 ). LHCB family members positively regulate crops Abiotic stress tolerance by stomatal closure to ABA signaling starting from germination to final growth (Xu et al., 2012 ; Liu et al., 2013b ). It is well-identified that ABA persuades stomatal closure in water shortage conditions, which hinders photosynthesis. Here, the genetic evidence provides that members of the LHCB family are certainly elaborated in guard cell signalling in response to ABA and so LHCB members have been found as new actors in ABA signalling in stomatal movement (Xu et al., 2012 ). The LHCB members were exposed to be targets of ABA-responsive WRKY-domain transcription factor, for an inducer that modifies LHCB expression at least through suppressing the WRKY transcription repressor in stressful conditions in collaboration with light, which permits crops to adjust to eco-friendly encounters (Liu et al., 2013b ). Functional genomics trials will have desirable and be accommodating to demonstrate the biological and molecular function of LHC genes and to make use of them in cotton improvement. Conclusions A hundred and nine proteins encrypted by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum , G. arboreum , and G. raimondii , respectively. The majority of LHC genes showed with high exon-intron connections. Collinearity analysis and chromosomal mapping showed that LHC genes were dispersed on chromosomes of three Gossypium species, with most genes clustering in the upper and lower arm of chromosomes. In the three cotton species, their GRAVY value was lower (positive and negative), which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic nature. In the RT-qPCR, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. Gh_A13G0222 (CAB6A) was Up-regulated in all tissue samples and Gh_D10G2385 (LHCB4) , Gh_D05G0860 (CAB6A), and Gh_A05G0725 (CAB6A) also Up-regulated in Leaf and root tissues under drought stress. The Ka/Ks value showed that the LHC of G. hirsutum genes resulting from G. raimondii and G. arboreum experienced negative selection instructions throughout the evolution. Thus, a detailed investigation of these genes will offer efficient information on understanding LHC genes in cotton (Gossypium) and its part in drought stress tolerance. Abbreviations ABA: Abscisic acid GO: Gene ontology; LHC: Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b binding; Ka: Non-synonymous substitution rate; Ks: Synonymous substitution rate CottonFGD: Cotton Functional Genomics Database RT-qPCR: Real Time Qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Declarations Consent for publication Not applicable Funding This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 31621005, 31530053, 31671745. Availability of data and materials All the related data and files are all presented including the primers sequences used in the genes expression profiling. Author Contributions T.G.M., Y.X and R.O.M., conducted the experiment and wrote the manuscript. X.C., JNK, Y.H, Y.W., and S.Y. assisted in data collection. K.W., Z.Z., and F.L. revised the manuscript. All authors reread and agreed the last manuscript. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-97630","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":4045401,"identity":"c6b31ec3-6078-4cfd-8dbc-e4d9fe47b20e","order_by":0,"name":"Teame Gereziher","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-1811","institution":"CAAS-ICR","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Teame","middleName":"","lastName":"Gereziher","suffix":""},{"id":4045402,"identity":"ce468afe-e4a3-447a-8595-19a899e4bbf0","order_by":1,"name":"Yanchao Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanchao","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":4045403,"identity":"72791691-a42f-44b2-adc2-69230a63d2cc","order_by":2,"name":"Richard Odongo Magwanga","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Richard","middleName":"Odongo","lastName":"Magwanga","suffix":""},{"id":4045404,"identity":"fabc91b1-9ef5-48c1-b33a-f093bd68c039","order_by":3,"name":"Joy Nyangasi Kirungu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joy","middleName":"Nyangasi","lastName":"Kirungu","suffix":""},{"id":4045405,"identity":"6409e4dc-ba0d-4724-b276-4f216d1f76c8","order_by":4,"name":"Xiaoyan Cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Cai","suffix":""},{"id":4045406,"identity":"aad57903-b416-4b20-afcd-e59666706c1f","order_by":5,"name":"Yuqing Hou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Hou","suffix":""},{"id":4045407,"identity":"57d16fa0-289c-4861-8512-1bb8261fa380","order_by":6,"name":"Yuhong Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anyang Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuhong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":4045408,"identity":"0a1b8cbe-746c-47c5-b4cb-baea77a9559e","order_by":7,"name":"Kunbo Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences cotton research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kunbo","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":4045409,"identity":"50a1d0fc-8c68-4542-ab75-c426eed26c69","order_by":8,"name":"Zhongli Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhongli","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":4045410,"identity":"fb141e26-ddca-4bdf-be33-a2f141994c59","order_by":9,"name":"Fang Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAArElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGhg8MDBJybOztB4jTwsbMwDgDqMWYj+dMApFaGMBaGBLnSTgYEKmFncew4ecei/Q2CYYEhh8V24hxGI9hY88zidw26cYDjD1nbhOlxfwxwwGgFpkDCcyMbcRpMWwGaklnk0gwIE1LAila2Aobew5IGLYBA/kgUX7h5z+8seHHgTp5+fb2gw9+VBChBQUcIFH9KBgFo2AUjAJcAAAiZTNNCQOx9QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-9572","institution":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-10-24 10:56:39","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":3291362,"identity":"7fb3492a-f8ed-4c6f-b8b3-0e7dc88fbce9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:26","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":8073191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"A. Phylogenetic tree association of 12 subfamilies of LHC genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, Arabidopsis thaliana and Theobroma cacao. The tree was done using MEGA 7.0. B. Synteny blocks formation among cotton species chromosomes. A: Chromosomes of Gossypium arboreum; D: Chromosomes of Gossypium raimondii, At and Dt: chromosomes of A and D Subgenome of the tetraploid cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. TBtools was used to visualize the figure.","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/564172eb1f7cbec391b96cb4.png"},{"id":3291364,"identity":"c9e59461-e07e-45fa-a8bf-09cf50991dfa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:26","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":469579,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Gene Ontology annotation of LHC genes, showing the biological processes, cellular component and molecular function A, Gossypium hirsutum B, Gossypium arboreum C, Gossypium raimondii, AgriGO online tool analysis was used to do the graphic analysis.","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig2.GO.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/19b5e3dbe42b54aaf1ea9f08.Png"},{"id":3291366,"identity":"9fe396cf-7e90-49c1-84b1-38bf663ba339","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:27","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":304406,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Gene structure Display of Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, GSDS 2.0 online tool was used to construct the graph using CDS and Genomic DNA sequence of the genes.","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig3.GS.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/01341e6e2175b44b8cba81d4.Png"},{"id":3291367,"identity":"95e6c00c-4e36-40a4-8402-17038cae1867","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:27","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":224027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Motif Identification of LHC Proteins A, Gossypium hirsutum, B, Gossypium arboreum and C, Gossypium raimondii, the motifs were detected by the MEME online analysis. ","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig4.Motif.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/2eb495785a45c1c9e276d532.Png"},{"id":3291368,"identity":"a6a59f6c-78e0-4813-8ae6-54cf9e9e90df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:27","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":426657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Distribution of LHC genes in three Gossypium Species A, Gossypium hirsutum At Subgenome B, Gossypium hirsutum Dt Subgenome C, Gossypium arboreum D, Gossypium raimondii, GFF3 file and gene ID was used to construct the chromosomal mapping via TBtools.","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig5.Mapping.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/beb4522067b83b0ea04a144e.Png"},{"id":3291369,"identity":"967be9c7-84ab-418e-88ed-a3c9fb2c0521","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:27","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":438070,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Cis-regulatory elements analysis of LHC genes in three Gossypium Species A, Gossypium hirsutum B, Gossypium arboreum C, Gossypium raimondii, Upstream sequence of gene lists were used to analyze the regulatory elements by Plant Care website","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig6.CisCAB.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/b55eebbc08cfdc7a79fd478d.Png"},{"id":3291370,"identity":"aba37b3d-a5c3-41b9-88c1-d9e44148348b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:28","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":184428,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Gene evolution forms of Ka, Ks and Ka/Ks values for homologous LHC gene pairs A, Gossypium hirsutum At - Gossypium arboreum B, Gossypium hirsutum Dt - G. raimondii C Gossypium. hirsutum At - Gossypium hirsutum Dt D, Gossypium arboreum - Gossypium raimondii","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig7.KaKs.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/e5d923dcbd8237f0c88070a6.Png"},{"id":3291371,"identity":"ba1fe87c-8738-4985-8314-5ef63f5c303a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:28","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":143337,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Differential expression profiling of LHC genes under drought stress, RT-qPCR Analysis of LHC gene family in Gossypium hirsutum A, Leaf tissue B, Root tissue and C, Stem tissue, The Heatmap was done by MeV software with Log2 transformation.","description":"","filename":"OnlineFig8.RTqPCR.Png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/24eb3909e5845ac1156ed291.Png"},{"id":13607729,"identity":"e60948e5-de27-49a6-b875-c21c0eff24b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 06:13:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2808251,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/a2789e61-f16c-4992-afef-8ac6e4c82290.pdf"},{"id":3291361,"identity":"7c825e78-eccb-4870-9082-61aa63365c5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:26","extension":"doc","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14144,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"List of Primer details of RT-qPCR for LHC genes; Primers was designed by NCBI primer blast","description":"","filename":"TableS1.doc","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/6eff24b49ffe31cc80df1a1e.doc"},{"id":3291363,"identity":"c09ec1e6-f2d0-4883-8bfa-ac0727f5ff9f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:26","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":20959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"List of Light Harvesting Chloro a-b-binding Genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii respectively ","description":"","filename":"TableS2.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/9d551d4bdc254b2fbf575dc4.xlsx"},{"id":3291365,"identity":"adba2801-7e58-459f-80c8-cbde35efc4e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-30 13:44:27","extension":"xlsx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":19320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Ka, Ks, Ka/Ks values of LHC genes.","description":"","filename":"TableS3.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-97630/v1/da891cde8453bc441412f06c.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eGenome Wide Identification and Characterization of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b Binding Genes Reveals their Potential Role in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":" \u003cp\u003eOver the course of the 21st century, food production has to match the increasing population (Beddington et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). However, Temperature increment and climate change have deepened the incidence and harshness of abiotic stresses that critically disturb the growth and development of crops (Nouri, Moumeni \u0026amp; Komatsu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Abiotic stress remains one of the key components of yield loss in plant production (Sasi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, abiotic stress has a major impact on plant growth and development compared to other forms of living organisms due to their immobility (He, He \u0026amp; Ding, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Magwanga et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Among the various forms of abiotic stress factors drought, heat, toxicity, and salinity do cause over-reduction of the electron transport chain (ETC) resulting in photooxidation (Nishiyama \u0026amp; Murata, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, in the chloroplasts, drought, high light, salinity, or extreme temperatures stresses do trigger a diminishing in CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e assimilation rates which in turn induce an upsurge in reactive oxygen species creation, which eventually leads to yield damage (Pint\u0026oacute;-marijuan \u0026amp; Munn\u0026eacute;-bosch, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). It has been reported that abiotic stresses account for over 50% of losses in crop production (Nath et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, a decrease in photosynthesis results in a remarkable reduction in yield and yield quality in crops (Nouri, Moumeni \u0026amp; Komatsu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrought exposure alters the photosynthetic apparatus in the plants, and thus plants have evolved numerous coping mechanisms, one of which is the evolution of various plant transcription factors.(Hussain et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The known plants genes with net effects on plant photosynthetic process includes, Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) (Berry \u0026amp; Yerramsetty, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), Cytochrome f (petA) (Xing et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) (Zhao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e), cytochrome p450 genes (Magwanga, Lu \u0026amp; Kirungu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) among others. In crops, the LHCA and LHCB sub-families, which encode proteins founding the light-harvesting complex of photosystems I and II in \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e gene family (Fanna et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The LHC proteins are the apoproteins of the Light-Harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII), outer antenna complex which is perhaps the utmost ample membrane proteins in nature (Kr\u0026oacute; et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e; Horton \u0026amp; Ruban, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, studies have shown that LHCB1, LHCB2, LHCB3, LHCB4, LHCB5, or LHCB6, affects stomatal responsiveness to abscisic acid (ABA) influx, and therefore lowers the plant\u0026rsquo;s tolerance level to drought stress during their down-regulation (Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, downregulation of the \u003cem\u003eLHCB\u003c/em\u003e genes does cause ABA insensitive phenotypes in seed germination and post-germination growth (Liu et al., 2013a). In the recognition of the proteins encoded by the \u003cem\u003eLHCB\u003c/em\u003e genes, 28 have been identified in \u003cem\u003ePapaya carica\u003c/em\u003e (Zou et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e), 17 in \u003cem\u003eHordeum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e L.(Qin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), 25 in \u003cem\u003eCamellia sinensis\u003c/em\u003e (Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), and 35 genes in \u003cem\u003eManihot esculenta\u003c/em\u003e (Zou \u0026amp; Yang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), However, the role of this important plant gene family concerning abiotic stress factors in cotton have not been studied. The complete sequencing of \u003cem\u003eGossypium hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e (Hu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cem\u003eGossypium arboreum\u003c/em\u003e (Huang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), and \u003cem\u003eGossypium raimondii\u003c/em\u003e (Wang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Agricultural et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), provided the needed information to carry out functional analysis of the proteins encoded by the \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes in the three cotton genomes.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":" \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePlant material and Hydroponics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was laid out in CRD design with three biological replications in Green house. A seed of Marie-galante 85 (M85), a race developed from Gossypium hirsutum species and comparatively tolerant to Abiotic stress (Chen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The seeds were treated by water soaking for one night and sow them in absorbent paper for germination, after a week then transplanted to a hydroponic set up that have Hoagland nutrient solution (Gene \u0026amp; Consortium, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e), in the greenhouse, with 16\u0026nbsp;h/8h light-dark and temperature at 28\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C day/25\u0026nbsp;\u0026deg;C night (Zhao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020b\u003c/span\u003e). At three leaf stage, drought stress was imposed by supplementing the nutrient solution with 17% of PEG-6000 (Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013b\u003c/span\u003e). The leaf, stem, and root tissues were then collected for RNA extractions at 0\u0026nbsp;h, 3\u0026nbsp;h, 6\u0026nbsp;h, 9\u0026nbsp;h, 12\u0026nbsp;h, and 24\u0026nbsp;h after stress exposure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIdentification of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind Proteins in Cotton Species\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b bind domain number PF00504 was used as to search for the identifications of the cotton proteins encoded by the \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes. The LHC proteins for \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e were downloaded from the cotton functional genomics database (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.cottonfgd.org\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), while those for \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis thaliana\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eTheobroma cacao\u003c/em\u003e were downloaded from phytozome (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). The HMM profiles of the LHC functional domain PF00504 were retrieved from the Pfam database (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://pfam.xfam.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) and used for the identification of the putative ALDH proteins with the best domain e-value cutoffs f\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1\u0026thinsp;\u0026times;\u0026thinsp;10\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4 (El-Gebali et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, To get the, physicochemical traits of the gene family like Protein length (PL) molecular weight (MW) and molecular charge, isoelectric point (pI) and GRAVY value using the website of CottonFGD (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.cottonfgd.org\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein sequences of these three cotton species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Theobroma cacao were aligned by ClustalX in MEGA 7.0 for phylogenetic tree construction. We use Neighbor-joining (NJ) method to know the evolution distance, Jones\u0026ndash;Taylor\u0026ndash;Thornton (JTT) as substitution model of 1000 bootstrap replication (Tamura et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). To categorize the homologous genes of cotton species, the protein sequences of G. hirsutum were exposed to a BlastP search alongside the protein database of G. arboreum and G. raimondii; hits with E-values\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;1\u0026thinsp;\u0026times;\u0026thinsp;10\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5 and \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90% similarity were enabled significant. The GFF3 file, linked file, and Gene ID were applied to construct the Collinearity analysis by TBtools software (Chen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Homologous genes of G. hirsutum, G. raimondii and G. arboreum were known from CottonFGD employing BLASTp with a threshold of \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;80% match and at least an 80% alignment ratio based on the protein length.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eChromosome mapping, Gene Ontology, and Cis-regulatory elements analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo know the distribution of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes in all the chromosomes of A, D, and AD cotton genomes, we used the GFF3 file from CottonFGD (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.cottonfgd.org\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) and gene ID of the genes. Then employed the TBtools software to show the genes on chromosome via amazing gene location from Gene Transfer Format/General Feature Format (GTF/GFF).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular component (CC), biological process (BP) and molecular functions (MF) was used to determine the functional classification of genes by an online tool AgriGO (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.bioinfo.cau.edu.cn/agriGO\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Gene \u0026amp; Consortium, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e). Analysis of the gene structure of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e was done by means of the Gene Structure Display Server \u0026ndash; GSDS 2.0 (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://gsds.cbi.pku.edu.cn\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) online tool. While for the motif identification, an online tool MEME was employed (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://meme-suite.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 2000-bp upstream sequences of CAB genes of cotton species were downloaded from CottonFGD (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.cottonfgd.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e to identify the cis-regulatory elements in the putative promoter regions. Thus the fasta file of the upstream sequence was submitted to Plant Care search (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11752327\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e for identifying the putative cis\u0026ndash;regulatory elements among the promoter sequences (Lescot et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e). The structure was visualized by TBtools.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRNA extraction and RT-qPCR analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt three leaf stages, drought stresses were forced by adding the nutrient solutions with 17% PEG-6000 solution as previously adopted by Magwanga et al [36,37]. Samples were then collected for RNA extraction at 0\u0026nbsp;h, 3\u0026nbsp;h, 6\u0026nbsp;h, 9\u0026nbsp;h, 12\u0026nbsp;h hand 24\u0026nbsp;h of post stress treatment. Total RNA was extracted using TIANGEN, RNA preppure plant plus kit (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.tiangen.com\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) according to the manufacturer guidelines. Nano Drop 2000 was used to check the quality and concentration of RNA extracted with a standard of 260/280 which must be between 1.80\u0026ndash;2.1 (Joshi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Thus, we convert the RNA to cDNA using TransGen Biotech kit Beijing, China (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.cottonfgd.org\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.Transgen.com.cn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), following the kit instructions. From the LHC gene family, we select 27 genes for RT-qPCR and design the primers (Table S1) using NCBI website (www). For the RT-qPCR analysis, we use 7500 fast real time system with 2\u0026micro;L, 2\u0026micro;L 6\u0026micro;L, and 10\u0026micro;L of cDNA, forward and reverse Primers, RNA free water, and SYBR solution respectively. Three biological and technical replications were used in the whole analysis with Ghactin7 as control. E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u003csup\u003e-ΔΔCt\u003c/sup\u003e. formula uses to calculate the gene expression. (Schmittgen \u0026amp; Livak, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdentification of the Cotton LHC proteins\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e109 proteins translated by the \u003cem\u003eLHC genes\u003c/em\u003e were recognized in the three sequenced cotton genomes, with 55, 27, and 27 proteins in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e (AD), \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e (D) and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e (A), respectively (Table S2). The amounts of the proteins found in the \u003cem\u003eLHC genes\u003c/em\u003e in the two diploid cotton species, \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e were less by one compare with the number of LHC proteins in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, may be due to AD emerged in the whole genome duplications between A and D genomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe evaluation of the physicochemical properties \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e of the Chloro a/b binding protein genes, the protein lengths for the \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e proteins stretched from 62 aa to 644 aa, molecular weights reached from 6.88\u0026nbsp;kDa to 72.66\u0026nbsp;kDa were scored respectively in \u003cem\u003eGh_Sca017783G01\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGh_A02G1068\u003c/em\u003e, a charge ranged from \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;8.5 (\u003cem\u003eGh_A01G0519\u003c/em\u003e) to 7(\u003cem\u003eGh_A02G1068\u003c/em\u003e), the isoelectric point (\u003cem\u003epI\u003c/em\u003e) ranged from 4.701 (\u003cem\u003eGh_D06G2350\u003c/em\u003e) to 10.228 (\u003cem\u003eGh_D04G1505\u003c/em\u003e) and finally the grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY) ranged from \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.529 (\u003cem\u003eGh_A01G0519\u003c/em\u003e) to 0.233 (\u003cem\u003eGh_D06G2350\u003c/em\u003e) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhysiochemical properties of LHC proteins in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum, G. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e Species\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGene ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePL (aa)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMW(KDa)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIEP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGRAVY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D11G1504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A05G2108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.991\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.416\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A06G1447\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.514\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.793\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A01G0976\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.312\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.942\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A10G0361\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.182\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.904\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A04G0961\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e260\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.316\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D07G1663\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.609\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D07G1659\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.609\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A07G2182\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.608\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.335\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D06G1791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.793\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A04G0218\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.483\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D01G1508\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.443\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.504\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D05G1429\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D02G1996\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.425\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D05G3484\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.449\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D01G1028\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.391\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.203\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A01G1349\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e297\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.004\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A11G2259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.741\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A07G2184\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.764\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D01G2232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.378\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.048\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D04G1505\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.228\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A07G1725\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.407\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D01G0531\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.405\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D12G1495\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e304\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.898\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.922\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.037\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A10G0616\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.716\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.805\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D07G0661\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.857\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D05G2361\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.003\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.416\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A10G2108\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.857\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.793\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.059\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A07G0594\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.841\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.118\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A12G1617\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.968\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D10G0369\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.085\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D07G1929\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.407\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D05G0860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.797\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.116\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A13G0222\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.164\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A05G1261\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D12G1757\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.953\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D10G0784\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e288\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.051\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.294\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A01G1972\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.107\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.378\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D13G0236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.744\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.153\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A05G0725\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.797\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.116\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D03G0610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.293\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.543\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D10G2385\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.883\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.789\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_Sca123119G01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.881\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.795\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.397\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_Sca053293G01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.811\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.138\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_Sca017783G01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.884\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.879\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D06G2350\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.154\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.701\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D06G2351\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.165\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A07G2366\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e281\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.181\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.128\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A03G2154\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.428\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D07G0125\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.763\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A11G1357\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A13G1282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.169\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.417\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_D06G2120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.501\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.256\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.041\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A01G0519\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e466\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.35\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.178\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.529\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGh_A02G1068\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e644\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.664\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.727\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa01G0731\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e482\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.372\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.503\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.377\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa01G1437\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.978\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.705\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa02G0756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.741\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.188\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa02G1050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.45\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa03G2284\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.599\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.716\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa04G1033\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.823\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.897\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.255\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa05G0924\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.797\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.116\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa05G1596\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa05G2647\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.991\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.416\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa05G4015\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.449\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa05G4018\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.495\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa06G2006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.819\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.793\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa06G2455\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.453\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.634\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.057\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa07G0172\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.86\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.045\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.048\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa07G0768\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.841\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.118\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa07G1916\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.665\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.335\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa07G1918\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.607\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.271\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa07G2205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.407\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa10G0035\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.897\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.793\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa10G2236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e271\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.226\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.791\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa10G2674\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.182\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.904\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa11G2486\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.477\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa12G1052\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.968\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa12G1366\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.712\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa13G0254\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.544\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa13G0268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.76\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.164\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGa14G0061\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.724\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.001G016400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.749\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.696\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.001G074300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.857\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.001G192000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.575\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.001G192300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.609\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.084\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.001G220900\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.393\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.002G076400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.505\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.002G132100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.357\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.203\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.002G183400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.461\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.114\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.002G263900\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.144\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.003G092700\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.267\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.493\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.005G219000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.425\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.007G163200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e285\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.695\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.296\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.249\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.008G165200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.855\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.008G194000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.983\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.009G090600\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.821\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.009G156900\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.009G262000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.991\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.416\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.009G430800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.479\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.897\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.010G165000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.226\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.701\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.010G165100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.165\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.329\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.010G198600\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.764\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.391\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.010G239300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.254\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.011G041600\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e264\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.21\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.085\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.011G089000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.895\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.235\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.011G285900\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.883\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.789\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.012G141200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e260\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27.805\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.943\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGorai.013G026000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.744\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-0.153\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the two diploid cotton species, the \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e LHC proteins physiochemical properties exhibited slight differences, in molecular weights, protein lengths, pI, molecular charge, and GRAVY values. The protein length stretched from 114 aa to 610 aa, and 151 aa to 349, molecular weights ranged from 12.823 to 68.741 KDa, and 16.55 to 38.267 KDa by a charge range of \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6 to 9 and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4.5 to 7.5 in \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the values for pI and GRAVY was almost the same, pI ranges from 4.87 to 9.897, and 4.701 to 9.296, GRAVY \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.377 to 0.167 and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.249 to 0.244 in order of \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e. In all cotton species, the GRAVY value was lower (positive and negative), which indicates all proteins may be a sign of the likelihood of enhanced relations with water that leads to hydrophilic nature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePhylogenetic Tree and Synteny block Analysis of the Cotton LHC Proteins\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe phylogenetic tree constructed grouped the cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding proteins together with other plants into 12 clades. Numerous homolog gene pairs were formed among the several proteins encrypted by the cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding genes (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1A).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe collinearity analysis among the three cotton species was analyzed, in which Circle gene viewer was applied to distinguish the collinear gene pairs with TBtools software (Chen et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Finally, the collinearity analysis between the genetic map of At and Dt Subgenomes of G. \u003cem\u003ehirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e for their A Vs D; A vs At, and finally between D Vs Dt Subgenome relationships were observed. We found good collinearity between A vs D with 23 genes, A vs At with 20 genes, and finally between D vs Dt with 23 genes in the Subgenome (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1B).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGene Ontology Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGene Ontology (GO) has a structure that allows powerful comparisons and inferences about gene functions in biological, cellular, and molecular levels (Gene \u0026amp; Consortium, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e). Presumed functions of 109 genes in the \u003cem\u003eGossypium\u003c/em\u003e Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind gene family, including biological processes (BP), molecular functions (MF), and cellular components (CC) were identified using agriGO online analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e biological processes (GO: 0008150), the functions included cellular and metabolic processes. Various cellular (GO: 0005575) functions were noted in the cell and cell part. Similarly, in \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e, the biological (GO: 0008150) functions were responsible for stimuli, cellular and metabolic processes. In cellular component (GO: 00055750), the functions were focused on cell, macromolecular complex (Protein), and membrane related issues, whereas in molecular function (GO: 0003674), were related with binding function. In \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e the biological process (GO: 0008150) was coined with cellular and metabolic processes, which is similar to \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, whereas in cellular component (GO: 0005575), the function is related to membrane. In both \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, there is no significant GO term in molecular function (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGene Structure and Motif Identification of Chloro a/b-bind Proteins\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGene structural study is observed as a likely sign of the evolution of multigene families. To obtain additional evidence into the structural diversity of cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes, the exon/intron association in the full-length cDNAs was investigated in contrast with their equivalent genomic DNA sequences of distinct genes in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, and it was found that a higher proportion of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes and their exons were extremely conserved inside the group. Gene structural diversity is regarded as a possible indicator of the evolution of multigene families. To gain further information into the structural diversity of cotton Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes, the exon/intron organization in the full-length cDNAs was analyzed in comparison with their corresponding genomic DNA sequences of individual genes in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, and it was identified that a greater percentage of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes and their exons were highly conserved within the group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the study of the gene structures, some of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind gene structures were disturbed by introns. The maximum level of intron disruption of the Chloro a/b-bind gene structures was 11(Gh_A02G1068), 11(Ga02G0756), and 5 (Gorai.003G092700) for G. hirsutum, \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, respectively. Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes are mostly found with the occurrence of two exons and one intron. The highest number of exons and introns were found in Gh_A02G1068 (12 exons, 11 introns) and Gh_A01G0519 (10 exons, 9 introns). Remarkably, Exons and introns for diverse Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b-bind genes were observed to be dissimilar based on their lengths. For example, 18 genes had to have two exons and one intron and 7 genes three exons by two introns and seven genes with one exon and no intron. (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, in the diploid species, the maximum number of exon/intron were 12 exons, 11 introns (Ga02G0756) and 11 exons, 10 introns (Ga01G0731) in \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e, 6 exons, 5 introns (Gorai.003G092700) and 6 exons, 5 introns (Gorai.009G262000) in \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u0026cedil;\u003c/em\u003e respectively. Similarly, the number of genes that have two exons with one intron is seven and ten in \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e. Genes with three exons and two introns as well as a single exon with no intron were five and three respectively in both species. To explore the structural evolution of LHC proteins, the patterns of motifs were analyzed. A total of 20 different motifs were detected by the MEME analysis (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://meme-suite.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) in the three Gossypium species (Fig.\u0026nbsp;4). Based on the identified motifs, motif 3, motif 4 and motif 12 are the conserved motifs in the \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, whereas motif 2 and 8 in \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and while motif 11 and 4 in \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChromosomal Mapping Analysis of the Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding Genes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes were evenly distributed across the various chromosomes of the A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, and (AD)\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e cotton genomes. In the tetraploid (AD)\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e genome with At Subgenome, the highest gene loci were found on chromosome A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e01, A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e05, and A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e10 with 3 genes, while At03, A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e08, and At09 chromosomes harbored none. Similarly, in the (AD)\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, Dt Subgenome, the highest gene loci were found in D\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e07, D\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e01, and D\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e05 with 5, 4, and 4 genes, respectively, whereas A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e03, A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e08, and A\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e09 had zero genes. The rest of the chromosome harbored between 1 to 3 genes (Fig.\u0026nbsp;5A and B). With the two diploid cotton species, A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e genomes, the gene distribution arrangement was different, In \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e, the highest gene loci were observed on the chromosome, A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e05, and A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e07, with the same 4 genes while in \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, chromosome D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e01, D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e09, and D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e10 concealed the highest gene loci with 4 genes, respectively, while chromosome A\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e04and D\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e06 harbored none (Fig.\u0026nbsp;5C and D).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIdentification of Cis-regulatory elements\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCis-Acting regulatory elements are important molecular switches involved in the transcriptional regulation of a dynamic network of gene activities controlling various biological processes, including abiotic stress responses, hormone responses, and developmental processes. It encodes the genomic blueprints for coordinating spatiotemporal gene expression programs underlying highly specialized cell functions (Mao et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In the plant Care analysis of Cis-regulatory elements ABRE, ARE, MRE, MYB, AT-rich elements, DRE, MBS, Box-4, and ACE were found related to drought stress in the three cotton species (Fig.\u0026nbsp;6). The major cis-acting elements, such as the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) and the dehydration-responsive element/C-repeat (DRE/CRT), that are a vital part of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent gene expression in osmotic and cold stress responses (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki \u0026amp; Shinozaki, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEvolution of \u003cspan class=\"BoldItalic\"\u003eLHC\u003c/span\u003e genes in Gossypium species\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ks value in gene evolution was not affected by natural selection generally, but Ka does. The Ka/Ks value showed positive, neutral, and negative selection when the value was Ka/Ks\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1, Ka/Ks\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, and Ka/Ks\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 respectively (Zhao et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020b\u003c/span\u003e). The distributions of Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks among homologous pairs of Gossypium species were revealed similar results. (Fig.\u0026nbsp;7, Table S3) The Ka/Ks of GhAt-Ga ranged from 0\u0026ndash;0.949034416, while for GhDt-Gr from 0\u0026ndash;0.838286204. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-GhDt ranged from 0\u0026ndash;0.523637063, whereas the Ka/Ks value of Ga-Gr was 0\u0026ndash;0.755930549. In all the pairs, the Ka/Ks value was \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 which indicated that the gene family was subjected to negative selection. The result suggested that the LHC of \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e genes derived from \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e experienced negative selection commands throughout the evolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRT-qPCR Validation of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding genes under Water Deficit Conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwenty-seven \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes expression profiles were carried out under drought stress conditions in different tissues and varying time intervals. The genes showed differential expression pattern on the tissues analyzed, in root tissues, the highly upregulated genes were \u003cem\u003eGh_D10G2385, Gh_A13G0222, Gh_A05G0725, Gh_D05G0860, Gh_D07G0661, Gh_D01G1508, Gh_D12G1495, Gh_A07G2182\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGh_A10G2108\u003c/em\u003e, while in the leaf tissues, \u003cem\u003eGh_A07G2184, Gh_D10G2385, Gh_D05G0860, Gh_D02G1996, Gh_A13G0222\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGh_A05G0725\u003c/em\u003e showed higher upregulation after 12\u0026nbsp;h of stress exposure. Similarly, \u003cem\u003eGh_A13G0222, Gh_D06G1791\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGh_A06G1447\u003c/em\u003e genes were Up-regulated in stem tissues starting from 6 hours up to 24 hours (Fig.\u0026nbsp;8).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost genes were Down-regulated mainly in leaf tissue followed by stem. Genes like \u003cem\u003eGh_A10G0361\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGh_D10G0369\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGh_A03G2154\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGh_D03G0610\u003c/em\u003e were Down-regulated in the three tissues of cotton in almost all time points. Generally, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. Gh_A13G0222 (CAB6A) was Up-regulated in all tissue samples and \u003cem\u003eGh_D10G2385 (LHCB4)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGh_D05G0860 (CAB6A)\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eGh_A05G0725(CAB6A)\u003c/em\u003e also Up-regulated in Leaf and root tissues under drought stress. A detailed exploration of these genes will offer efficient information on considerate \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes in cotton (\u003cem\u003eGossypium\u003c/em\u003e) and its part in drought stress tolerance. Drought effect is first felt at the root zone, and the higher upregulation of various genes in the root tissues is in line with earlier results in which most of the \u003cem\u003eLEA\u003c/em\u003e genes were upregulated in the root tissues in relative to leaf and stem tissues during drought stress situation (Magwanga et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":" \u003cp\u003eDrought is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect crop production worldwide. It also harshly affects the physiology and growth of many crops (Joshi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). It was the main risk to a significant loss of cotton yield due to the ever-increasing shortage of water around the world (Hou et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Drought stress damages photosynthetic pigments that usually begin with majorly stomatal effects at medium drought intensity, and come to an end in metabolic and structural alters caused by harsh drought stress. Photosynthesis stands for one of the greatest vital photo-chemical reactions in plants. Sunlight is transformed into chemical energy and is employed to change carbon dioxide, water, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic composites then recycled as energy basis by heterotrophs (Gururani, Venkatesh \u0026amp; Tran, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotosynthesis is the outcome of many steps and multipart developments that employs numerous biological pathways similar to photosynthetic electron transport system (PETs), makes sun light to transform into ATP and NADPH; in addition, CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is fixed into carbohydrates, as well as assimilation, transport, and consumption of photo assimilates as the organic products of photosynthesis by Calvin-Benson cycle (Eberhard, Finazzi \u0026amp; Wollman, 2008; Foyer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Forming disorder of all photosynthesis mechanisms has the primary impact of abiotic stress on the activity of photosynthesis (Nouri, Moumeni \u0026amp; Komatsu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Photosynthetic reactions of mature crops and small seedlings to drought-stress are mainly diverse. In mature crops, efficient photosynthetic complexes are previously shaped and water-stress brings the creation of ROS due to surplus light absorption, which pressures the photosynthetic apparatus. Though, in water-stressed young seedlings, there is the likelihood to down-regulate Chl biosynthesis and slim down the production and gathering of light-harvesting complexes of PSI and PSII, and to acclimatize crops not to suck up surplus light, which is damaging (Dalal \u0026amp; Tripathy, 2018). Chloroplast was the main research area in the field of biology because it was the site for photosynthesis. But it is also a very sensitive structure to biotic and abiotic stresses and indicates the real status in crops response to stress (Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013b\u003c/span\u003e; Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) proteins contain a plant-specific superfamily comprised of photosynthesis and stress responses. Identifying genes of this family would help in studying the function and role of these genes in different crop species (Qin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Zou et al., 2020b). But we don\u0026rsquo;t get enough information in the cotton crop for this family. Previous studies in crops suggested that there was an important link between photosynthesis and final yield. Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central component of the photosynthesis, with fundamental parts in light harvest and acclimation to changing light (Longoni et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Qin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our result, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. \u003cem\u003eGh_A13G0222\u003c/em\u003e (CAB6A) was Up-regulated in all tissue samples while \u003cem\u003eGh_D10G2385\u003c/em\u003e (LHCB4), \u003cem\u003eGh_D05G0860\u003c/em\u003e (CAB6A), and \u003cem\u003eGh_A05G0725\u003c/em\u003e(CAB6A) were Up-regulated in leaf and root tissues under drought stress. A study from tea plants showed that two genes, CsCP1 and CsCP2, were found to affect phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation and GTP in the physiological regulation of PS II. The regulation of LHC protein stages allows chloroplasts to answer amenably and quickly to abiotic stresses (Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, a finding in Papaya, plants treated with mannitol for drought stress after 10 days, three genes were upregulated (\u003cem\u003eCpELIP, CpLhcb7, and CpPsbS\u003c/em\u003e), for 15 days, five genes upregulated (\u003cem\u003eCpELIP, CpSEP2, CpOHP2, CpLhcb7\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCpPsbS\u003c/em\u003e) and for 20 days, 12 genes were meaningfully regulated with five genes upregulated (\u003cem\u003eCpELIP, CpSEP2, CpOHP2\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCpLhcb7\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCpPsbS\u003c/em\u003e) (Zou et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe evolution of LHC genes in Gossypium species indicated that the circulations of Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks were similar among homologous pairs. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-Ga reached from 0\u0026ndash;0.949034416, while GhDt-Gr reached from 0\u0026ndash;0.838286204. The Ka/Ks of GhAt-GhDt ranged from 0\u0026ndash;0.523637063, whereas the Ka/Ks value of Ga-Gr was 0\u0026ndash;0.755930549. The result suggested that the LHC of \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e genes derived from \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e experienced negative selection instructions throughout the evolution. In harmony with this finding, the Ka/Ks value of cassava light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (\u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e) genes ranges from 0.0010\u0026ndash;0.2507 (Zou \u0026amp; Yang, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLHCB family members positively regulate crops Abiotic stress tolerance by stomatal closure to ABA signaling starting from germination to final growth (Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013b\u003c/span\u003e). It is well-identified that ABA persuades stomatal closure in water shortage conditions, which hinders photosynthesis. Here, the genetic evidence provides that members of the LHCB family are certainly elaborated in guard cell signalling in response to ABA and so LHCB members have been found as new actors in ABA signalling in stomatal movement (Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). The LHCB members were exposed to be targets of ABA-responsive WRKY-domain transcription factor, for an inducer that modifies LHCB expression at least through suppressing the WRKY transcription repressor in stressful conditions in collaboration with light, which permits crops to adjust to eco-friendly encounters (Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013b\u003c/span\u003e). Functional genomics trials will have desirable and be accommodating to demonstrate the biological and molecular function of \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes and to make use of them in cotton improvement.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eA hundred and nine proteins encrypted by the \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in \u003cem\u003eGossypium hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e, respectively. The majority of\u003cem\u003e LHC\u003c/em\u003e genes showed with high exon-intron connections. Collinearity analysis and chromosomal mapping showed that \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes were dispersed on chromosomes of three \u003cem\u003eGossypium\u003c/em\u003e species, with most genes clustering in the upper and lower arm of chromosomes. In the three cotton species, their GRAVY value was lower (positive and negative), which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic nature. In the RT-qPCR, many genes were Up-regulated in the root tissue. \u003cem\u003eGh_A13G0222 (CAB6A)\u003c/em\u003e was Up-regulated in all tissue samples and \u003cem\u003eGh_D10G2385 (LHCB4)\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGh_D05G0860 (CAB6A),\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGh_A05G0725 (CAB6A)\u003c/em\u003e also Up-regulated in Leaf and root tissues under drought stress. The Ka/Ks value showed that the LHC of \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e genes resulting from \u003cem\u003eG. raimondii\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e experienced negative selection instructions throughout the evolution. Thus, a detailed investigation of these genes will offer efficient information on understanding \u003cem\u003eLHC\u003c/em\u003e genes in cotton (Gossypium) and its part in drought stress tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eABA: Abscisic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGO: Gene ontology;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLHC: Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b binding;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKa: Non-synonymous substitution rate;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKs: Synonymous substitution rate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCottonFGD: Cotton Functional Genomics Database\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRT-qPCR: Real Time Qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 31621005, 31530053, 31671745.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the related data and files are all presented including the primers sequences used in the genes expression profiling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT.G.M., Y.X and R.O.M., conducted the experiment and wrote the manuscript. X.C., JNK, Y.H, Y.W., and S.Y. assisted in data collection. K.W., Z.Z., and F.L. revised the manuscript. All authors reread and agreed the last manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo ethical nor consent to contribute in this research was sought, this not application in this research work\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe honestly appreciate the provision given to us by our lab throughout the time of this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declared that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgricultural U, Germplasm C, Station C, Udall JA, Long E, Hanson C, Yuan D, Ramaraj T, Conover JL, Gong L, Arick MA, Grover CE, Peterson DG, Wendel JF. 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Gene. 2019;702:171\u0026ndash;81. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi:10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.071\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-cotton-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cotn","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Cotton Research](https://jcottonres.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/cotn/default.aspx","title":"Journal of Cotton Research","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cotton, G. hirsutum, LHC genes, Gene expression, Drought tolerance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCotton is an important commercial crop for its valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp failure because of abiotic stress influences, of significance is drought. Moreover, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms against the effects of several ways of abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold among others. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins among others have shown positive response in improving resistance to several forms of abiotic stress features.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes was carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed in various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks values were less than one, and an indication of negative selection of the gene family. differential expression arrangement of genes was showed with the majority of the genes being highly upregulated in the root tissues in relative to leave and stem tissues. Moreover, more genes were induced in M85 a relative drought tolerant germplasm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results provide proof of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton germplasms.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b Binding Genes Reveals their Potential Role in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-10-30 13:44:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-97630/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2021-02-20T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-26T00:00:00+00:00","index":4,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-16T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-16T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-11T00:00:00+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Reviewer's comments unavailable due to the journal's policy.\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-01-09T00:00:00+00:00","index":4,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-12-30T00:00:00+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-12-29T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-11-26T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-11-25T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-10-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-10-25T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-10-25T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"","date":"2020-10-23T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-cotton-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cotn","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Cotton Research](https://jcottonres.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/cotn/default.aspx","title":"Journal of Cotton Research","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e04fb0ca-6806-4c78-b848-c3054ac25ef7","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":933861,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-05-29T23:51:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-10-30 13:44:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-97630","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-97630","identity":"rs-97630","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"wLkW0s4AflPzk-lpfg-fK","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}