Assessing the Impact of the Mount Marapi 2023 Eruption on Air Quality Using Integrated Ground Observations, WRF–HYSPLIT Modeling, and Sentinel-5P Data

Assessing the Impact of the Mount Marapi 2023 Eruption on Air Quality Using Integrated Ground Observations, WRF–HYSPLIT Modeling, and Sentinel-5P Data | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessing the Impact of the Mount Marapi 2023 Eruption on Air Quality Using Integrated Ground Observations, WRF–HYSPLIT Modeling, and Sentinel-5P Data Alvin Pratama, Farras Ghaly, Andreas Boni Baik, Ridlo Wahyudi Wibowo, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7975724/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates the atmospheric impact of the 3 December 2023 eruption of Mount Marapi, West Sumatra, Indonesia, by integrating ground-based observations, numerical modeling, and satellite analysis. Surface measurements from the GAW Bukit Kototabang station were analyzed alongside WRF–HYSPLIT simulations and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data to assess the dispersion and transport of volcanic emissions. The concentrations of SO₂, PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀ remained below national and WHO air quality standards, with no significant enhancement during or after the eruption period. Statistical evaluation of the WRF model indicated strong performance (correlation up to 0.89, RMSE < 11), confirming its suitability for tropical meteorological simulations. Forward and backward trajectory analyses using HYSPLIT revealed that the volcanic plume was transported northeastward, away from Bukit Kototabang, while the air masses reaching the site originated from the southwest. These results were consistent with satellite-derived Aerosol Absorbing Index (AAI) patterns, which showed elevated values northeast of Mount Marapi but none over the observation site. The combined results demonstrate that the eruption had no direct influence on local air quality. This study highlights the effectiveness of coupling high-resolution WRF–HYSPLIT modeling with TROPOMI satellite data to evaluate volcanic plume dispersion and validate emission transport pathways in complex tropical environments Mount Marapi eruption air quality WRF–HYSPLIT modeling Sentinel-5P TROPOMI volcanic plume transport Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7975724","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":555647626,"identity":"b4992c65-1e73-4387-8e6d-cb2e552e9d60","order_by":0,"name":"Alvin 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