Trajectory-Based Dust Evolution in Disks: First Results from the RAPID simulation code

Trajectory-Based Dust Evolution in Disks: First Results from the RAPID simulation code | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Trajectory-Based Dust Evolution in Disks: First Results from the RAPID simulation code Dóra Tarczay-Nehéz This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7467346/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rapid depletion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks limits the time available for planetesimal formation, as solids are typically accreted onto the central star before significant growth can occur. Dust traps formed at sharp viscosity transitions — such as at the edges of the accretionally inactive dead zones — can halt radial drift and enhance dust coagulation. In this study, dust dynamics is investigated using RAPID, a one-dimensional Lagrangian-Eulerian simulation code that tracks representative particle trajectories over time. In order to explore the effect of physical parameters on dust evolution, a grid of 243 models was run. The simulation grid covers a range of parameters such as viscosity, width of the transition region at the edges of the dead zone, disk surface density exponent, and the collisional fragmentation velocity of the dust particles. The computational domain extends from 1 to 50 AU and cover 5×10 5 years of disk evolution, assuming a disk mass of ∼ 0.005 M ⊙. The results show that pressure maxima can trap up to 3 − 10 M ⊕ of dust, depending on the local disk conditions. However , increasing the fragmentation velocity, decreasing the viscosity, or widening the dead zone transition width tends to reduce the effectiveness of dust trapping. The simulation results with RAPID reveal that dust evolution is highly sensitive to the physical conditions of the disk, which governs the early stages of planetesimal growth. planet formation protoplanetary disks hydrodynamics Lagrangian-Eulerian simulations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplement1.pdf Supplement2.pdf Supplement3.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 28 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 26 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7467346","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":514880980,"identity":"842a6582-672a-4530-9cb6-2b3d95a0018b","order_by":0,"name":"Dóra 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