The Neutron Star: Its Layered 4-D Rotor Structure and Transition into a Black Hole

The Neutron Star: Its Layered 4-D Rotor Structure and Transition into a Black Hole | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 30 March 2026 V1 Latest version Share on The Neutron Star: Its Layered 4-D Rotor Structure and Transition into a Black Hole Author : Stephen Euin Cobb 0009-0001-2971-0984 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177490722.23288213/v1 57 views 32 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Neutron stars have long been modeled as three-dimensional spheres of degenerate nuclear matter held up by quantum pressure, yet this picture leaves major questions unanswered: how magnetars sustain fields exceeding 10¹¹ T for millennia, why rotational glitches occur in discrete quanta, and why gravitational-wave data imply stronger central compactness than nuclear equations of state predict. In earlier work, subatomic particles were described as four-dimensional (4-D) curvature rotorslocalized standing patterns of torsion whose internal rotation projects as spin, charge, and magnetic moment. Here we extend that geometry to stellar scale. A neutron star is modeled as a two-radius system: a compact torsion core (r_core R_curv) containing phase-locked 4-D rotation, surrounded ≪ by a macroscopic curvature envelope (R_curv ≈ 10-13 km) that defines the observed photosphere. Between these radii lie three previously unrecognized regions-the shear membrane, torsionpressure gradient zone, and torsion halo-each with distinct physical roles. This layered structure reproduces magnetar stability, quantized glitches, and low tidal deformability, while predicting subtle polarization and redshift anomalies. A stability analysis shows that collapse to a black hole occurs when the torsional pressure P_torsion ≈ ρ Ω₄² r_core² / κ falls below the gravitational pressure P_g ≈ G M² / R_curv⁴. The "black-hole boundary" thus marks the loss of 4-D phase coherence, not merely a density threshold. This framework unifies nuclear and astrophysical curvature within a single geometric model of matter. Editor's Note (November 5, 2025 Revision) Since the completion of this paper, later studies (R81 and R82) have extended the model of neutron-star geometry to include curvature-feedback thermodynamics. While the mechanical account of collapse presented here remains valid, readers are directed to the Addendum at the end of this document-"Curvature-Coherence Interpretation in Light of R82"-for the updated explanation in which black-hole formation is recognized as the final stage of geometric self-cooling rather than purely a mechanical failure. Supplementary Material File (r69-the neutron star--its layered 4-d rotor structure and transition into a black hole-v2.pdf) Download 1.08 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 30 March 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Keywords black-hole boundary four-dimensional rotor magnetar neutron star quantized glitches r_core r_curv shear membrane tidal deformability torsion halo torsional curvature Authors Affiliations Stephen Euin Cobb 0009-0001-2971-0984 [email protected] View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 57 views 32 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Stephen Euin Cobb. The Neutron Star: Its Layered 4-D Rotor Structure and Transition into a Black Hole. Authorea . 30 March 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.177490722.23288213/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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